Middle English Dictionary Entry
siker adj.
Entry Info
Forms | siker adj. Also sikere, -our, -ur, sicker, sikre, sicar, -ore, -our, -ur(e, cikir, seker(e, -ar, -or, -ur, -ier, secir, -our, -ur(e, (K) ziker(e & (error) ekir; comp. sikerer(e, etc. & sikerar, -or(e, -ure, sicurrure, sekerrer, sekerar; pl. (early) sicera. |
Etymology | OE sicor, from L sēcūrus. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Free from danger, not at risk, in safety, safe; ~ and sauf; ~ o, safe from (sb.); ~ of, safe from (sb. or sth.); also, safe on account of (the king's seal); maken ~, to make (sth.) safe; also, protect (sb.) from punishment; maken us ~ of, put (sb.) in our power, secure (sb.) for us; (b) of an action or a course of action: undertaken in safety, not attended by risk; (c) spiritually safe; in the way of salvation; free from sin; also, among the elect, saved; also, conducive to spiritual safety, not dangerous to the soul, prudent; (d) of a place, stronghold, ship: difficult to attack, secure against attack, destruction, etc.; also fig.; also, private; of a path: safe for travelers; also fig.; ~ kepinge, safekeeping; ~ wede, armor; maken ~, to secure (a tomb) against intruders; (e) ben ~ of, to get rid of (sb.), kill; also, feel safe from (sb.), have no fear of (sb.); ben ~ for sight of, have no fear of ever seeing (sb.); (f) incapable of causing harm, harmless; of prisoners: strongly guarded; of a tumor, benign.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)41 : Men weneð bon siker þurh walle and þurh diche.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4687 : He & his cnihtes..tuo Winchestre wenden..heo wende to soðe þat heo siker weoren.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Roy 17.A.27)3/13 : Maxence iherde þis, þet he wes of him siker ant of his cume karles.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)869 : Ðor he wenden ben siker on nigt, Abram he brogte wel newe figt.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)876 : Get ne migten he siker ben, For magnie [read: manige] of ðo woren ouer-taken.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Job 21.9 : Þe houses of þem ben sikere & pesible & þe ȝerde of god is not vp on þem.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Zech.14.11 : Jerusalem shal sitte sykir.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.28.14 : If this be herd of the presedent..we schulen conceile him and make ȝou sikir.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.227 : Men were first naked and vnarmed, nouȝt siker aȝenst bestes, noþer aȝenst men.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.864 : Philosophres stoon..we sechen faste echoon For hadde we hym thanne were we siker ynow.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)164a/b : Whan þe wylde bestes ben yhuntid..þey flee to þe monteins & ben þer syker and sauf.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)282a/b : Þe elephant is nought so siker [L tutus] of hym [dragon] for al his gretenesse of body.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9010 : Sin womman has þir suiken sua, Qua mai o þam be seker?
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15425 : Þai asked Iudas quat he wald..þat traitur..said, 'bot thritti penis'..'Mak þou us seker of him..þe penis we þe bede.'
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2660 : For in my dremes it is warned me How that my nevew shal my bane be, But which I noot, wherfore I wol be siker.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)77 : Cykyr, fro harme: Securus, tutus.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)478 : Þoghe thy cofers ware full, cramede with syluer, Thow myghte be sekyre of my sele sexty myle forthire.
- c1450(c1396) Chaucer Buk.(Benson-Robinson)28 : If thow be siker, put the nat in drede.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)69a/b : It is necessarie þat þilke senewe be kutt al atwo so þat þou beþe more sikir of þe spasme.
- c1500 How GWife(3) (Ashm 61)184 : If þou haue a douȝter of age Pute her sone to maryage, For meydens, þei be louely, And nothing syker [How GWife(1) vr. ekir] þerby.
- c1500(?c1450) Wedding Gawain (Rwl C.86)295 : Butt and itt be so, I wolle do my labour, In savyng of my lyfe to make itt secour, To Gawen wolle I make my mone.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.175 : See þeeves grevede and robbede al þe see, so þat þe Romayns..hadde no siker seillynge wiþ oute oþer socour.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.141 : Godwyne..schewed to þe gentiles of Engelond þat it was nouȝt siker if any man..schulde brynge so greet plente of straungers and deceyvable folk.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2422 : If I founde a seker weie, I wolde..Worche after Supplantacioun, So hihe a love forto winne.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.111 : Þe fend..wolde alegge holy writt in temptacioun of Crist to prove him þat it were sykir.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)114a/ b : Þerfore me þinke þe sikerrest weie to scale þe bone with þe pouder.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)128a/b : Þen haste þu no siker weie for þen is it bubo & it is harde to curen it.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)99/32 : Be it cauterised þat conteyneþ hym, for þat is moste seker.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2840 : Þat at he ne hade [read: haue] may, Mare sekire [Dub: sekir] it ware him to forsake þen sewe any forthire.
- c1450 Cato(2) (Sid 63)587 : To seile is sekerer be þe strande þan in þe tempest.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)104b/b : Be war þat þou lete neuere þe wounde close vn to..þat it falle awey bi it silf, for þat is þe sikereste weye.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)153a/b : It is more sikir to aȝenstonde an hoot empostyme afore þat he bigynne þan for to do ony remedies to him aftir þat he be fully empostymed.
c
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)5 : Þanne beð noman siker ar he ihere þat lufliche word of ure louerd ihesu cristes swete muðe, Venite benedicti, [etc.].
- a1225 Wint.Ben.Rule (Cld D.3)15/18 : Heo eft on þam dome sicar [L liber] bið & sacles, ȝef heo midealre ȝemene þa unȝehursume heorde ȝeheold.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)38/2 : Na wepmon ne chastie ȝe..hit nis nawt siker þing.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)85/7 : For þi beoð ancren wise þe habbeð wel bitund ham aȝein helle liun forte beo þe sikerure.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)207 : On ðat dai ðat dom sal ben ðat it no us harde rewe, Seke we ure liues fod ðat we ben siker ðere.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)33/928 : To schryue hym wanne he seneȝed heþ, Wel syker þyng hyt were, And mete.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)78/2 : Þet is þe uayriste lyf an þe zykeriste þet is ine þise wordle.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)8.167 : Bote trustene to Trienals treuly me þinkeþ Is not so syker for þe soule sertes, as do-wel.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)13a/b : By kepinge of him [angels] al þing is siker [L tuta] and saaf in good men.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (LdMisc 210)17/20 : To be syker at þe Day of Dome fro þe scornynge wretthe and wodenes of God and fro alle oþere parels.
- a1400 Pep.Gosp.(Pep 2498)68/14 : Jesus..seide hym þat ȝif he wolde be riȝth profyt and siker, þat he ȝede & selde alle his godes and ȝaue it to pouer men.
- a1425(?c1384) Wycl.Church (Bod 788)364 : Cristis religion were algatis beter, perfitere, sekere, and liȝtere.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)3/10 : I haue not..þat felynge of gostely fyer, to þe whylk all partyes of body & saule gladly aplyes & in þe whilk þai knawe þame-self sekyr.
- a1450(?1348) Rolle FLiving (Cmb Dd.5.64)117/7 : Contemplatyfe lyfe es..lastandar and sykerar.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)49/27 : A siker joyful soule sette in vertu is euer..at a contynuel fest with oute lothing.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)886 : The lyff we lede ys sekyr ynowe.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)64/14 : There may falle to hym a sodeyne deþ..for-thy holde the noȝt seker, but beware of perilles.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)277 : He seiþ þat her sekte is sykerest on erþe.
d
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)42 : Þe deð his echte on sikere stude he hit sent to heueneriche.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2493 : Graunte me..As moche place..Þat ich þeruppe mowe a siker bold rere Þat ich me mowe in þine seruise.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)8054 : Al þai [Saracens] seiȝen þis ich biker, At þat half þe brigge hem þouȝt siker On þat ich fair roume To aloge her pauiloun.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3234 : Þe dameseles were boþe kynde & gode & armedem in syker wede..& cast out stones..& gret slauȝt of Sarzyns made.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 24.1 : Þanne dauyd steȝede vp þennys & dwellede in moost siker placis [L locis tutissimis] of Engaddy.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.3153 : If thou wolt finde a siker weie To love, put Envie aweie.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2427 : Wel is him whom god wol helpe, For he stant on the siker side.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1390 : Housbonde and wyf..Of worldly folk holden the siker weye.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)158a/a : A bote..to litil oþer brutil oþer broke and y-clofe..is noȝt syker among stormes and wawes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)161b/b : He [whale] putteþ him self aȝeins al þing þat he meteþ ȝif it be noyful to hem and setteþ hem [whelps] alwaie bitwene himself and þe see on the more syker syde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)29222 : To weind þe seker wai, I rede we be in penance ai.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)16905 : Þe princes of prestis of þe lawe went to þat monument [Christ's tomb] And made hit sikur as hem þouȝt.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)7056 : Þis vnderfengen þe emperoure..And leden hym by siker paas Al to þe gates of Caspyas.
- (1415) Doc.Conspir.Hen.V in D.K.R.43583 : He tolde me howe Mordok of Fiche was taken in sekar kepyng, and at Kenge Richard shulde be delifert for hym.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1301 : When he was dight in seker wede, Þan he umstrade a nobil stede.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.921 : His prive comyng, and the siker place.
- a1450 *Aelred Inst.(2) (Bod 423)85 : Lyue with laboure..of thin hondes, with som honest trauail..for that is the moor syker way to parfeccyoun-warde.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)6764 : Þar ware monkes in eland place Thoght þai stode in sykir case.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)171/320 : Strenger Cyte was non vnder sone; Soo seker it was, it myght neuer be wonne.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)33a/a : Þe arterie liggiþ more deppere in þe fleisch þan doiþ þe veynes ffor..kynde haþ ordeyned hem to ben in þe more siker place þat þei moun þe bettere be y kept from nocumentis wiþouten forþ.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)111/7 : Þe stede þat þou fightys on with þy aduersers, be it semynge euer more seker, ffor þarfore shal þyn hoste peyne hem mekyll more to fight.
e
- c1400 *Trev.Higd.(Tbr D.7)130b : Herodes caste for to sle al childern by cause of cryst for he wolde be syker of hym among oþere [Higd.(2): that he myȝhte sle hym amonge other childer].
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)164 : And I wist wher he were I schuld sone be sikyr of him.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)32 : He that wende to be siker of me hath failed of his purpos.
- a1500 Bevis (Chet 8009)73/1313 : Beues handis they on-bound, For of hym they were bothe seker and traste, That he shold nevure make ham agaste.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)197 : Iff he might..Gar Jason..the iourney vndertake, He were seker..for sight of him euer.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)303/1 : Nowe of this segger [Christ] we binne seker, Agaynst us boote he not to beker.
f
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13409 : Feouwer eorles he hæhte forð heom ibringen..he hehte heom beon iueren þat heo siker weoren.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)144/20 : The fourþe spice..is sikerer þan þe oþer.
2.
(a) Strong, firm, sound, stable; well made, held fast; also fig.; ~ as ston, firm as a rock; maken ~, to make (a marriage bond) fast; (b) strong in arms, stout, doughty; also, fig. strong against temptation; also, as coll. noun: strong people [quot.: a1382]; ~ and sound; (c) accurate, unerring; steady; also, expert; ~ eie, a steady eye.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Heb.6.19 : The which [hope] as an ankir we han sikir to the soule.
- c1390(1377) Death Edw.III (Vrn)49,55 : Þat Schip hadde a ful siker mast And a sayl strong and large..To vs hit was a siker targe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1708 : The preest..bad god sholde hem blesse, And made al siker ynow with holynesse.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)270b/b : Alwey þe spiþer bygynneþ atte myddel to amende þat is y-broke as þouȝ he wolde holde no þyng hool and sound in þe webbe while þe myddel is nouȝt siker.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)128 : Þis werk sal I founde, a-pon a secure stedefast grounde.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)2230 : I rede we be-gyn a new labour and make we a sicure tour..þat may reyche vn-til heyuen.
- (1415) Hoccl.Oldcastle (Hnt HM 111)205 : As siker as stoon, If þat thee list in hem bayte thyn ye, More autentike thing shalt thow fynde noon.
- (?c1422) Hoccl.ASM (Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)529 : For they vndisposid deeth nat dreede..They deemen stonde as sikir as a stoon.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3918 : I wole, with siker wall, Close bothe Roses and Roser.
- a1450 *Aelred Inst.(2) (Bod 423)626 : Ther is noon so syker a grounde and stable foundement anemst alle vertues as is mekenesse.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)461 : Thies kene knyghtis to-gedir gan glide..Bot þe mayles so sekir ware, Þe spere hedis bi-gan to plye.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.89 : A siker sete to set þy-self vpon.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4465 : I a siker shelde sall be.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.16.9b : Þre þinges þe nediþ for to haue first, vpon whilk as vpon a sikir grund þou schalt sette al þi werk.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)64a/b : Make a sikir knotte on þe þreed or ij þat it louse not by no weye.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)10 : Þe wall shuld be made moore sikir and stronger.
- a1500 Apoc.(2) (Magd-C F.4.5)60/11 : Þus ouercum þo neddir &..putt hym fer fro vs by þis trew & siker armour.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)779/20 : Dyscret confessours..mow Reyse vp in þyn herte a stonen chamber, That is to say a syker feyth & hope.
- a1500 Hrl.2378 Recipes (Hrl 2378)87/14 : Thanne put hem aȝen in a panne for to melte aȝen and put [read: put in] boistes or in sikir vessels.
b
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1690 : A duc..fulgence..stod aȝen him [emperor]..& vorto be þe sikerore, he wende to scotlonde & made him þere gret ost.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.18.10 : Wee schul gon in to þe sikere in to þe regiown most brod.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2564 : Though..youre kynrede be moore siker and stedefast than the kyn of youre aduersarie, yet..youre kynrede nys but a fer kynrede; they been but litel syb to yow.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)8559 : Þey are gode Ȝyf þey þat temptyng with-stode And are sykerer aftyr temptynges.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)96 : Oþer sum segg hym bi-soȝt of sum siker knyȝt To joyne with hym in iustyng.
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)122/34 : Hit..makeþ him siker as a good knyght of oure Lord God.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1854 : The sekereste Sarzanez..Behynde the sadylls ware sette sex fotte large.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3289 : The secunde sir forsothe þat sewede them aftyre, Was sekerare to my sighte and saddare in armes.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)13 : Þei þinken hem so fre and so siker þat þei schulen not synne.
- a1450 *Aelred Inst.(2) (Bod 423)547 : What shulden we say of hem that holden hem so seker that..thei witen wel thei shold not falle?
- c1450(c1353) Winner & W.(Add 31042)193 : Sekere one þat other syde are sadde men of armes.
- a1475 Gawain & CC (Brog 2.1)2 : Lystonnyth, lordyngus, a lytyll stonde Of on þat was sekor and sounde And douȝgty in his dede.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)2741 : Gawayne..Graythid hym in hys gode Armour, And styffly sterte vppon A stede That syker was in ylke A stoure.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4043 : Wel sikerer was his crowyng in his logge Than is a clokke or any abbey orlogge.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.1003 : He scholde bere a siker yhe That he to lowe ne to hyhe His carte dryve at eny throwe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.2069 : Now, wheither haue I a siker hand or noon?
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)156 : Ȝif þou wole beholde þise pointes and trete suche mo, þou shalt be secur nat only to ȝeue þis herbe but also alle oþer herbes þat purgiþ.
- c1450 *Bk.Marchalsi (Hrl 6398)11b : He shal be þe sekerer of going, and he shal euere-mor go þe beter upward and douneward.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)26/17 : For he was mech vsed to dwelle in þat hil, for most sikir consideracioun of sterris.
- ?c1500 *Bk.Marchalsi (Dc 291)136a : Every hors that ys foilyd in the mountayns or in stony londe ys better þan tho that be foylyd in marsh contrey, for they be redyere to goo both vp the hyll & down and sykerer of foote.
3.
(a) Genuine, true; durable, lasting; ~ desert, a veritable desert; (b) trustworthy, trusty, faithful, reliable; of an explanation: credible; of a guarantee: dependable; the sikereste of servauntes, the most reliable servants; (c) good for a purpose, beneficial; effective, thorough; maken ~ werk, to perform a task thoroughly; (d) healthy, whole, uninjured.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1300 Sayings St.Bern.(Dgb 86)26 : Ne hauest þou here non siker hom..Þi riȝte stude is helles wer.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1269 : He bad him maken siker pligt Of luue and trewðe in frendes rigt.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)93/19 : Blisse of herte þet comþ of god to louie, þet is zoþe blisse and ziker..non ne heþ zikere blisse bote yef hi come of loue.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.53 : He [Origen] foundede biseliche by ensample of siker povert [Higd.(2): sure poverte; L securæ paupertatis] to fulfille þe counsail of the gospel.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)918 : Nis in þis werlde non so siker þing, Þe tyme neiȝeþ of her wendyng.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)403 : Þat I swere þe forsoþe, & by my seker traweþ.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.8 : Ne wolde he not leeve fourescore and nyntene in a sikir deserte and go and seke þis lost sheep.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1042 : Sexti thousand þai him send of sekire besandis.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)1024 : Of Cristis dethe thai toke veniaunce And distroied the Iewes with grete distaunce. And sith had thei nothir londe ne toun Ne neuer siker habitacioun.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)126/18 : Yif þou wilt verily wynne siker abiding vertu, first labour..to haue a goode..consciens.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.16.9b : Þese þre arn meknes, siker feiþ, and hool entencion to god.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)1650 : Well-come to me, syr þou knyȝt, Jn loue and sykyr fay!
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)124/19 : Of þat tyme shal þere be neiþer day ner niȝt, but liȝt perpetual, infinite briȝtnes, souereyn pes, and syker rest.
b
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1268 : Þo þe emperour hurde þis, he ne truste wel þer to Wiþ oute siker ostage such þing to do.
- c1390 Vrn.Mir.Virg.(Vrn)145/21 : Vre ladi Þat sikerest socour is at vr nede.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.1599 : The sekereste Of servantz..To kepen him withinne warde, His [read: He] sette his bodi forto warde.
- a1400 Pep.Gosp.(Pep 2498)27/11 : Jesus..seide hem þat hij mosten be wel profiter and sikerer þan any of þe maisters.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3345 : I Hadde a felowe..Trewe and siker, curteys and hende, And he was called..a freende.
- a1425 Nicod.(1) (Add 32578)1110 : Perchaunse þai sall shewe in þat stede Sum sikire resonable skille.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)71a : Loke þou haue redy and sicur aspices.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)1175 : Poynteth hym þe perillz and pleynely telleth As a sicour seruant, and sheweth hym þe happes.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)1544 : Wheþir myȝt he go ffor to fynde a sikir ffrend þat he myȝt trist to?
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)222/19 : Than the kyng putte hym in hys owne tente with syker knyghtes.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)325/34 : All this woll I do as ye commaunde me, and syker assuraunce and borowys ye shall have.
- a1500 Gifte hys (Add 8151)21 : A goode sykere frende is yuell to fynde.
c
- a1325 SLeg.Marg.(Corp-C 145)318 : Hit were god þat hi radde hure lyf, þe sikerore ȝe seoþ it were.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)605 : Þenne þe folk of þe Roche hem in face kepten, maden þer a siker werk and slowen hem vp clene.
- c1390 Whon Men beoþ (Vrn)150 : Þou wolt drede þi neiȝebores þrete And neuer a day þi dore to pas Wiþ-oute siker defense and grete.
- (1395) Wycl.37 Concl.(Tit D.1)146 : It semeth that verri resigninge..is sikerere and spedefullere for present malice.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)7538 : Seynt Poule techyþ vs for þat batayle A sykyr fyght þat wyl nat fayle.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.41 : I salle ȝow say, For to saue ȝour land wele, a fulle siker way.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2048 : Thenne watz Gryngolet grayþe, þat gret watz & huge & hade ben soiourned sauerly & in a siker wyse.
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)41/32 : Þe place þat God hotiþ is more..siker for schrifte of parischons þan eny oratorie eþer chirche of freres.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6147 : Sikerest hidyng Is vndirnethe humblest clothing.
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)72/8 : Þe Pater Noster is..most siker for this lyf and þat other.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)1382 : A sekere stroke was there sett.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)7851 : Whiche is þe sikerest craft of alle, And þat most peril may in falle? A clerke þat to þe peple prechith.
d
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)92a/b : Who so euer haue a wounde & þe wounde be enpostumed & he haue a feuer þerwiþ, he is not siker of his owne skynne.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)12.267 : Drie hem [seeds] in shade..hem into water trie, Ther swymmyth seeke, & hole adoun wol hie..thries preue hem so; Hem that remayne al sikur [L illibatae] maystow sowe.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)69a/b : Bi þese brennynge þe place þat is woundid is ratefied or maad þe more sikir.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)80/23 : Þe moste louable wyn..wendys vp to þe haterell with attempre hete and holdys þe heued sekyr fro vnhappy chauncys.
4a.
Of persons: having complete certainty, fully assured, guaranteed: (a) by law, experience, the course of nature, etc.; certain (to do sth., that sth. is so); ~ of, bound to experience (sth.), bound to obtain (sb. or sth.); also, in assured possession of (sth.); ben ~ of, to have a binding agreement with (sb.); (b) by divine decree or promise; certain (to obtain sth., that sth. is so); ~ of, certain to experience (sth.), certain to obtain (sb.); also, in assured possession of (sth.); also, certain on account of (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)76/6 : Eahte þinges nomeliche leaðieð us to wakien eauer..Vre sunnen þe beoð se monie, deað þet we beoð siker of & unsiker hwenne.
- a1300 Hwi ne serue (Jes-O 29)3 : Ne beo we siker of þe lif on-lepy nauht.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1633 : To beo siker þat hi were dede, þe þeoues þyes hi breke.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1856 : Constaunce..nom al so to be siker of him god ostage.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)4104 : Among hom alle, hii were siker..Of an hondred þousend hors.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.3049 : A man hath moost honour To dyen in his excellence and flour Whan he is siker of his goode name.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.261 : Som men trowede þat he dede so for he wolde be þe more sicker of þe kyngdom.
- (a1392) Clanvowe 2 Ways (UC 97)62/224 : Ȝef þat þere bee heuene and helle..þerof noo man woot and þerfore of þis world taake we þat we mown, for þerof we been syker.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.664 : Ther lacketh noght bot time and place that he nys siker of hire grace.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)59 : Bot qua con loue paramours..to day hit ys, to morne a-way..for quen þou sicurest wenes to be, fra hir sal þou or ho fra þe.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)601 : Þan was he seker forto se Þe wel and þe fayre tre.
- a1425(a1396) Maidstone PPs. (Wht)95 : Thei may be sekir of stormes strong.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1100 : The stoon hadde such a grace That he was siker in euery place..not blynde to bene, That fastyng myght that stoon seene.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)551 : Be sekyre of þi sowdeours and sende to þe mowntes.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)2876 : Þai þoght hym dede..But to be siker in all þinge Þai made a man a spere bringe.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)7/2 : Seynt Petre fonde Seynt Clement of so good liff and conuersacion þat when he was sicure to goy to is passion, he ordeynt hym to be is successour.
- c1450 *Bk.Marchalsi (Hrl 6398)6b : Wanne þu art sekyr of hey and of leter, þan do watere hym [horse].
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)453 : But þerof he shall be sikir as of goddis cope.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)867/12 : Of dethe we be syker.
- ?a1475 By a forest (Dc 322)189 : When I was seker of golde y-nowgh, I gan to ryde abowte well faste.
- a1500(?a1400) KEdw.& S.(Cmb Ff.5.48)242 : Þer is no wilde foule þat will flyne But i am sicur hym to hittyne.
- a1500 Orfeo (Hrl 3810)4/35 : Syker was euery gode harpure Of hym to haue moche honour.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)65/7 : Who-so seche lif-lod halt of hys help [?read: helþ], he may be wel þe sicurrure.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)4844 : Beo þu sikerr þat he shall Þe ȝifenn eche blisse.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)39 : Þe Mon þe wule siker bon to habben Godes blisse, do wel him solf hwile þet he mai.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)103/6 : Gif ðu ðis ȝeliefst, and swa diest, bie ðu siker ne mai þe non þing to harme.
- a1225 Wint.Ben.Rule (Cld D.3)37/10 : Hi þeah sicera beo þam tohopan þes godcundes edleanes, þus æfterfilyendlice mid blysse clypiað, [etc.].
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)30/35 : Of þe unseli sunfule me þuncheð ich am al siker.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)14/117 : Nan naueð neauer mare hope of nan acouerunge, ah aren sikere of euch uuel..aa on echnesse.
- a1275 *Body & S.(4) (Trin-C B.14.39)23 : Bodi..þi word was false..of pines þat beit stronke, ic am me ful siker.
- c1300 SLeg.Kath.(LdMisc 108)60 : Þou worst sikur..of helle pine.
- c1300 SLeg.Theoph.(LdMisc 108)51 : Þou most for-sake for-with god..bote þou it wolle do, i-nam siker of þe nouȝt.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)12 : If þu wolt þus biginne and ende, Þu miht be seker to heuene wende.
- c1350 Ayenb.App.(Arun 57)269/9 : Zykere hy byeþ of zuyche lyue.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Wisd.7.23 : Forsothe ther is in it [Wisdom] the spirit of vnderstonding, hoeli..stable, sikir [L certus, securus], alle hauende vertue, [etc.].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14067 : For sco [Mary] has me luued mikel, O mi luue mai sco be seker [Göt: secir].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)19006 : Fra ded to lijf nu risen es he..Raisd sua wit godds might And siker of his fader hight.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)1.121 : Þo þat werchen þe word þat holy writ techiþ..Mowe be sikur [vr. sikre] þat here soule shal wende into heuene.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)8559 : Þai salle be þare syker and certayne To have endeles ioy.
- a1425 LOL (Wnds E.I.I)39/2 : Þei [St. Anne & Virgin Mary] werin..sikir of þe certeinte of þe child bihiȝt.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)26/25 : Our Lord took him [Adeodatus] oute of erde & sette hin in swech place wher he is sikir of euyrlasting ioye.
- a1475 Gaude of uirgins (Hnt HM 142)50 : Gaude, mayde and moder clene, Siker and sure..Be graunt of þe godhede..hec septem gaudia..schal neuer sclake..But..dure and euer encrece.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)17/295 : Be thou [Cain] sekir, if thou teynd fals, thou bese alowed ther after als.
4b.
Of things, statements, events, etc.: (a) certain, guaranteed by experience, law, nature, etc.; also, regular; sure (to effect sth.); ~ soth; ~ thing, a sure thing, something completed, something achieved; maken ~, to swear to (sth.); also, confirm (sth.), ratify; (b) certain, fixed, definite, guaranteed by divine decree or promise; ~ as the crede; ~ soth; (c) as noun: a sure relationship [1st quot.]; for ~, definitely; in (o) ~, certainly, surely, indeed.
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)64/15 : Vor þet ich ssel maky ziker, ich ne ssel naȝt draȝe to wytnesse bote þane heȝe zoþ.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.2163 : So siker as the lif, A god hath leie be thi wif And gete a Sone.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)9798 : Ȝyf hyt [charter] be graunted of þe kyng, Þat þou hast boght, þan ys syker þyng.
- (1405) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.32 : That it [inheritance] may be made most seker to the forsaid sir Roger.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)705 : Þou mon be ded..For my lord þat þou has slayne; Seker it es þat þou him slogh.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)322 : Make sekyr in grawnte: Ratifico, confirmo.
- a1450 Bevis (Cai 175/96)206/48 : He hadde wunnen in to hys hond Many a batayle in sundry lond, But he was neuere so careful man, For sekyr soþe, as he was þan.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)635 : Ne noghte es sekire to ȝoure-selfe in certayne bot dethe.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)472 : Þe Kinge his bugull con blaw; His knyȝtus couth hitte welle knaw His was a sekur thinge.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)2.250 : It is more sekyr a byrd in your fest Than to haue iij in þe sky a-boue.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)221 : Þys ys þe best & þe sekorest to hele.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)17/14 : Þerfore it is sikir þat who euer fulfilliþ þe first of hem, whiche is hardir to fulfille þan þe tweien oþire, he schal fulfille þe ij oþire.
- a1500(a1450) Parton.(1) (Add 35288)1512 : Also syker as any daye, Ther ys..no-þyngo so kynde As be þys wymmen.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)7461 : No sikerer þing is þan þe deth.
- ?a1500(c1442) Paston2.9 : I hade lever..to haue an ende and ben in seker possessyon.
b
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)95/31 : Swyðe sicore forgyfonysse se mæig him biddan æt Gode, se þu nu wyle forgyfen þan þe wið hine agylteð.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)18591 : Uss wrat & seȝȝde sikerr soþ, Johan þe Goddspellwrihhte Þatt..Jesu Crist Wass æfre all unnbigunnenn Wiþþ Faderr.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Roy 17.A.27)65/565 : Þurh him we mahten habben sikere bileaue to arisen alle efter him.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)13/2 : Hit behouede þet alle wenten into helle and þere abyde þe guode ine zikere hope þet iesu crist godes zone ssolde come.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2912 : Also siker as the crede Thei make of that thei knowen fals.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)14156 : In sicure hope þai were balde he muȝt him help if he walde.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)20.254 : In mesure god made alle manere thynges And sette it at a certeyne and at a syker noumbre.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)560 : Vnperfit men..ouȝten chese ful ofte the sikerer and surer good to hem bifore the vnsurer good.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)655 : For our enmes sal we pray..And seker help ay sal we haue Of godes mercy.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)8 : A feiþful curat owiþ to notify to his sugets were is pardoun sikirar, largar and for les price to be bout to his sogets.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.302 : He þo þat han Godis name in worchepe mon han sekyr hope to ben sauyd.
c
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)4.337 : Thus ys mede a[nd] mercede as two manere relacions, Rect and indyrect, rennynge bothe On a sad and a syker semblable to hym-selue.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)121 : Dyffynyn, or deme for sekyr: Diffinio.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)807 : But, Jn Sekyr, Jt wele not be.
- c1450(a1400) Orolog.Sap.(Dc 114)376/33 : Þe pite of god worchep þe hele of soule oftesyþes in moste siker.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)13861 : Ho [Circe] said hym o sycher..Þat Vlixes the lord was his leue fader.
4c.
(a) Certain in mind, having certitude, convinced; certain (of sth., that sth. is so); ben ~ of, to have complete trust in (sb.); maken ~, assure (sb. that sth. is so); promise (sb. to do sth.); also, give (sb.) assurance; (b) full of confidence, confident; hopeful; bold; also, overconfident, presumptuous; ~ of, confident about (sth.), unworried about; also, confident on account of (sb.); (c) in mild asseverations: ~ thou (ye) be, be thou (ye) ~, be ~; for ~ soth.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)440 : Ȝe ssule make me siker þat ilke child me bringe.
- ?a1300 Sirith (Dgb 86)240 : Make me siker wiþ word on honde Þat þou wolt helen.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1855 : Ȝut þey þe aungel hure [Mary Magdalene] sede er syker nas ȝeo nouȝt Þat he was ffram deþe arise.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)592/87 : Ȝeorne he bad Iesu Crist þe sikeror forto beo And ȝif þe siȝte were þoru him þat he it moste eft iseo.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)5551 : Arst ȝe schul me make siker Wiþ me held in eueri biker.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)64/9 : Oþer huanne me zuereþ zikerliche of þinge þet me nis naȝt ziker yet þaȝ hit by zoþ.
- c1390 NHom.Abbess (Vrn)58 : Tel baldeliche þi wille to me, ffor siker may þou of me be!
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2469 : Whan he best wende have ben above And sikerest of that he hadde, Cupido..Amphitrion hire love aweie Hath take.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.934 : What quod my lord ther is namoore to doone..I am right siker that the pot was crased.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)145/1838 : Þerfore al þe sekerrer am I Þat we shal haue þe maistry.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)13/11 : He schal vse a streit dietynge til þat he be sikir þat he schal haue noon hote enpostym.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)20/6 : Þabbes ah at set nan þar-to bot þat scho is sikir offe.
- a1425 Siege Troy(1) (LinI 150)150/1909 : Makiþ me sikir er ȝe go, And eiþir of ȝou ȝowre trowþe me plyȝte.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)136b/a : Ȝif þou be siker þat it be corupte, drawe it oute for elles þe wounde maie not be souded in no maner.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)77 : Cykyr or [read: of] sothefastenesse: Certus.
- c1450(c1400) Rev.Jul.Norwich (Add 37790)47/7 : I am sekere I sawe it for the profytte of many oder.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)816/12 : Now am I syker that I shall never fenyshe my queste, for ye have slayne me with youre hondys.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)368 : Than am I sekyr inowe That dethe xall sew of damnacyon.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)1420 : Nowe we be sykyr..that these beth the naylys of goddys passioun.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.230 : Ȝif he be nout sekyr but only wenyth to ben sekyr, he schal nout sweryn that it is so but þat he wenyth þat it is so as he seyth.
b
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)51 : Efter þan þe hie [Israelites] weren wuniende in ierusalem, and weren hole and sunde and sikere of here giue..þo hie forleten godes lore.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)43/31 : Eft, on faire wedere, ne bien hie naht to sikere, forðan swo maniȝe litle dropes of maniȝes kennes ȝemeleastes mihten cumen in to ðe saule bote.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)32/12 : Ich leote ham talkin of godd..þet eiðer of his ahne & of þe oðres ba treowliche beo trusti & te sikerure beon to sitten bi ham seoluen.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)22/194 : Tah nis nawt siker of þe unwihtes strengð as þeo þe halt hire wac þah ha beo muche wurð.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)166/27 : He makeþ him ziker ase lyoun.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.8.11 : He smot þe tentis of þe enemys þat weryn sikyr.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Eccl.8.14 : Þer ben vnpitouse men þat ben so siker [vr. sikir; WB(2): sikur] as þof þei hadden þe dedys of riȝtwis men.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)9964 : Knyȝtes..of Troye..Alle Are ȝe bold for Ector sake..Ȝe drede no leuynge creature, So ar ȝe sicur of him & sure.
- ?a1450 Sel.Rosarium Theol.(Cai 354/581)72/1 : Come he to þe eukaristie for to comon vnferdeful & siker.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)167/1 : He makeþ [hym] as siker as þe lyon, so þat he haþ no drede of perel.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)55/10 : Clene soules ben so siker þat of outeward paynes þey ben no þing aferd.
c
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7353 : Siker þou be, þou ne ssalt me finde in none hurne.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2067 : Sir, siker ye be, Þi self schal se þat riȝt.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1548 : Be ye siker, he was so wel apayd That it were inpossible me to write.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)15.29 : So grace, with-oute grace of god and of good werkes, May nat bee, bee þow siker, þauh we bidde euere.
- a1425 Here begynnes a new (Roy 17.C.17)402 : In prison I lay seke & in sore & ye me gaf harbare -- That ye dyd, sekyre ye be, To any of myne ye dyd to me.
- a1450 Bevis (Cai 175/96)205/26 : Beffs schal deyen..For sekyr soþ, we scholen hym slon!
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)23/5 : For be right siker, yif þou haue more deuocioun in heryng of þat masse, [etc.].
- a1500(?a1400) KEdw.& S.(Cmb Ff.5.48)240 : Whoso dose here sich maistrye, Be þou wel sicur he shall abye And vnto prison lede.
- a1500 Bod.EMisc.Lapid.(BodEMisc e.558)23/8 : Be yee seker that it is noo doute þat god hathe put vertues in stonys, in wordes and in herbis.
5.
In surname.
Associated quotations
- (1333-4) Nickname in LuSE 55161 : Joh. Sikerswayn.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1475 *Gilb.Angl.(Wel 537)185/32 : Þe sekerist token to knowe wheþer þe lizte be ful of humours is spitting.
Note: Additional quote(s)
- c1500(1446) Morstede Surgery (Hrl 1736)118 : Rolle yt up with a narow Rollar in the moste sekyrest wyse after thy dyscrecyon.
Note: New spelling