Middle English Dictionary Entry
shẹ̄ pron.
Entry Info
Forms | shẹ̄ pron. Also sche, che, se, sheo, scheo, scheu(e, (SW) sse, (SWM) sȝheo, (SEM) sce, sge, xe, (N) shae, (early) scha, (early SEM) scæ & shoe, schou, schowe, shouȝ, shue, schu(e, (SW) sso, (chiefly N) schoe, sco, cho, so, (chiefly N & NM) sho, scho, (N) shoi, schoi & (error) scle; for the spellings cheo, choi, sch, sheu, shou, shuo, xhe see A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English (LALME) 4.7-8. Contractions: sh- (before verbs beginning with a), shem (she them), shere (she were). |
Etymology | Prob. from OE hīo, (A) hīu, (Merc.) hīe, (Nhb.) hiæ, vars. of hēo, with LOE stress shift in the diphthongs. Forms ȝo(e, ȝho, yo, ȝe, ȝeo, ȝhe, yhe, yio, ge, ghe of ME hẹ̄ pron.(2) prob. illustrate intermediate stages between the LOE forms and the ME forms of she. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
As anaph. or pers. pron.: (a) the female person referred to, she; (b) used pleonastically, or for emphasis; (c) with antecedent in apposition following: she; ~ this, usu. translating L haec or ista: she, this one [in last quot. she is prob. in an absolute constr., though it could be construed as the object of biholden v.]; (d) used determinatively: ~ (..) that, ~ the which, she who, the one who; (e) used indefinitely: ~ and ~, this one and that one; (f) referring to woman in general: womankind.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1140 : God wimman scæ wæs, oc scæ hedde litel blisse mid him.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Nativ.Virg.(Bod 343)117/14 : Sæsteorræ sche [Mary] is icweden.
- ?a1289 Ancr.(Cleo C.6)90/7 : Sche [?c1225 (Cleo): Hwa is þenne efter þis..þe grucheð ȝef ha naueð naut oðer mete oðer drunh efter hire wille].
- ?a1289 Ancr.(Cleo C.6)135/19 : Se [?c1225 (Cleo): Ne wene nanof hech lif þet ha nebeo ifonded].
- c1300 Evang.(Dlw 22)258 : Þe sixth monith nu is anon þat scha hauis wit childe gon.
- c1300 Evang.(Dlw 22)449,450 : Hom scho ȝede..sco hom cham josep to queme.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)112 : Of his bodi ne hauede he eyr Bute a mayden..Þat was so yung þat sho ne couþe Gon on fote.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1249-50 : She wende she were bi-swike, Þat shere yeuen un-kyndelike.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1227 : Bi ðe desert a-wei che nam, In ard weie and hete gram.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1444 : He luuede hire on-like and wel And sge ne bi-swac him neuere a del.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3693 : Moyses bi-sogte, and sche wurð fer And frend, and cam dat broðer ner.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)615 : Þe quene..ȝonge stalwardemen gaderede manion..So þat sso hadde sone gret poer an honde.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)709 : Þe fader..bad ire vnderstonde To ȝwan sse wolde imaried be.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.18 : A womman Iezabel..seiþ þat she is prophetesse.
- 1370-2 I am by-wylt (ShropRRC Deed 16329)6 : Scho wolde ha set for my loue sone schort Red.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.21.22 : Ȝif..a man smyte a womman with childe and make..þe childe deed born bot scho lyuiþ, he schall be vndercast to þe harme.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)526 : She [vr. xe] made þe slop aȝen lygge stylle.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1560 : Yn here dedys Se [vr. She] was chaste.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2731-2 : Sco said, 'for soth smild i noght'; And if sco [Göt: schoe] did it, hir for-thoght.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)169 : She [LinI: Sscheo] hete marshales and kniȝttes Greiþe hem to ryde onon-riȝttes.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)22.120 : By-fore hus moder, Marie, made he þat wonder, That sheo furst and formest sholde ferme by-leyue.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1555 : At þe last scho con hym kysse.
- a1425(c1340) Rolle Psalter (LdMisc 286)p.523 : In synguler ioy shae was glad in cryst.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.189 : From hire hors sh'alighte [vr. sche a-lyȝt].
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)7/33 : Yef any sal take discipline, gruching sal sho make nane.
- (1436) RParl.4.498a : Itt was asked of hir by ye Prist if shoo wolde agree her to have the said William Pulle to husbond, and sho saide, nay, never by hir wille.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)655 : Luke my kydde castells be clenlyche arrayede, There cho maye suggourne hire selfe.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)9600 : Þus shem inducyd for to kun prey.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)8027 : Scheo was þe kynges doughter.
- a1450(?c1405) Lerne bodyly (Dgb 102)53 : Ȝif she grucche wiþ þe to rage..Bete here.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)326 : A Priores aw for to be Principall in gude degre..Whar so sche ganges or rides o-boute.
- a1450 Castle Love(1) (BodAdd B.107)772 : To serue God all her hert shoe [Vrn: heo] nome.
- a1450 Dux Moraud (BodPoet f.2)101 : Now am I mery þis stound, Þat che is browt to þat ded.
- a1450 NPass.(Cmb Dd.1.1)234/1981 : Ihesu bad þat che schuld go.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)1.907 : Whi his oure qveen thus longe wyth-ovten a kyng..Why is she [vr. sce] on-wedded?
- c1450 Siege Troy(1) (ArmsAr 22)33/398 : Hyt ys noȝt ryȝt Þat shue [Suth: A kinges douȝter] be y-maried to a sempil knyȝt.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)17 : Sheo is bot a womane.
- (1472) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8523 : It may be prowyd & schoy have abown xij galons wt in hyss hows, opan of forfetynge iij s. iiij d. as oft as shoy his fone defectyffe.
- a1475 Mourn.Hare (Brog 2.1)39 : A-none schowe wyll swere..'There is an haare in my haye!'
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)70 : Þe man to wed ani oþer woman wyle þat sche lyuiþ, nor scho to be weddid to ani oþer man.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)246 : I haue fede my wyff so well tyll sche ys my master.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)112a : Scho or ho [Monson: Sche]: illa, ipsa, ista, ea.
- (1483) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8528 : Pereson has a servand yt is yll disspossid of hyr handes, whar for we wyll yt schoy be woydyd the ton.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)228/19 : Syr, say to my sustyr þat sco ryse and helpe me.
- a1500 Chaucer CT.Prol.(Hrl 7333)A.148 : Leueþe me, sheo wepte fful sore.
- a1500 Siege Jerus.(2) (Brog 2.1)78/238 : Schewe grant to goo wyth hyme.
- a1500 Siege Jerus.(2) (Brog 2.1)79/271 : Þis lady..told hyme why schow was come.
- a1500 Siege Jerus.(2) (Brog 2.1)80/308 : Schw prayd hyme geyf to Cleyment what he wold.
- a1500 Siege Jerus.(2) (Brog 2.1)85/448 : Þer was a lady of þe conttray..and schoe deyllyd wyth a lady..in þe cyty.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10774,10777 : Bale..sho þolet..ffor..the dole þat she dregh for his dethe one, Thai worshippit þat worthy.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)79 : Þe maiden of heiȝe kinne Sche cald hir maisters þre.
- a1350 Of euerykune tre (Rwl D.913)6 : My lemmon sse ssal boe þe fairest of erþkinne.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.12.2 : A womman..sheo shal be vnclene seuene days.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)11.242 : Martha on Marye magdeleyne an huge pleynte she made.
- a1425(c1340) Rolle Psalter (LdMisc 286)p.523 : This blessid mayden, before all in pryuelege of brennand luf, sho louyd god.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)13/4 : Ada sche broute forth Jabel.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)115/5 : A godys sake is she with childe, sche?
- c1450 Eglam.(Clg A.2)110 : Vppon þe morn þe maydyn small Sche ete befor hyr fadyr in hall.
c
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2133 : Þan wente sheo, þe burde briȝt, & tok hem vp anone.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)4 Kings 9.32 : Hieu rerede vp his face to þe wyndowe & seiþ, 'what is sche þis?' [WB(2): What womman is this?; L Quæ est ista?]..'þis is sche þat [WB(2): thilke] Jeȝabel.'
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)4 Kings 9.37 : Þe flesch of Jeȝabel schul ben as drit vp on þe face of þe erþe & in þe feld of Jeȝrael, so þat men passynge besides seyn, 'wheþer sche þis is not [L Hæccine est] þat Jeȝabel?'
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)SSol.3.6 : What is she þis [WB(2): Who is this womman; L Quæ est ista] þat steȝeþ vp bi desert as a litil ȝerde of smoke?
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.13.36 : Whann we walkiden aloon in the gardeyn, she this [WB(2): this Susanne; L hæc] came yn with two maydens damesels.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11351 : Quen þat sco þis [Trin-C: she] can iesus se, Honurd him be-for his kne.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.3048 : Pluto..Nouþer she, Proserpina þe quene..Ne coude nat, [etc.].
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.309 : She, this [Boccaccio Fil.i.30,1: questa] in blak, likynge to Troilus Over alle thing, he stood for to biholde.
d
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1925 : Hu mai ðis sen..Ðat ðine breðere, and ic, & she Ðat ðe bar, sulen luten ðe?
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)1.74 : I..asked hir..What she were witterli þat wissed me so faire?
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)3420 : No man knew him, les ne more, Bot sho þat he sold fight fore.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)26/16 : So þat gas vt of þe wuke, and so þat cumis in, sal recaiue þe benichun.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)317/32 : Þe affeccioun of þi charite aloone schal ȝeelde þankynges to þee, for I am sche þat am nouȝt.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)157 : Scho þat was his lady Mighte be full sary Þat lorne hade siche a body.
- c1440 Rolle Encom.Jesu (Thrn)5/19 : Sekerly may he or scho chese to lyfe anely þat has chosen þe name of Ihesu to thaire specyalle.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)54/12 : Sche, the which was on the tothir side in gret thoughte for hir loue..caste hir-silf in-to the see.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)23/25 : In wil trespacyth he or sche dedly þt sore settyþ his herte vp on loue þt is vnlawful.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.1.2a : Whare fore a wrecchedman ore wumman is he or sche þat lefith al þe inwardly kepyng of hym self.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)747/27 : Arte not þou sche þat Cryed ryȝth now?
e
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1747 : In titeryng and pursuyte and delayes, The folk devyne at waggyng of a stree And though ye wolde han after mirye dayes, Than dar ye naught; and whi? for she, and she Spak swych a word; thus loked he, and he!
f
- a1500 Clerk & H.(Add 38666)51 : In bokys I fynde That gode made woman for mannys relefe; Then schoe ys turnid all agaynys kynde ȝef schoe be cause of mannys myschefe.
2.
As anaph. or pers. pron.: (a) referring to an animal, a bird, an insect, etc.: she, it; -- used with both female creatures and others regarded as female; also used pleonastically; (b) referring to an inanimate object, a plant, land, town, church, sea, siege, etc.: she, it; -- generally used with nouns orig. grammatically feminine; also used pleonastically; (c) referring to a personified abstraction, a soul, Holy Church, Fortune, Venus, the earth or moon, a muse, etc.; -- also with antecedent in apposition following; also used determinatively.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.11.7 : Asouwe..al be hit þat sheo deuyde þe clee, sheo schoweþ not coode.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.14.7 : He shal lete go þe quyk sparwe þat sheo [WB(2): it; vr. he] fle awey into þe fild.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.428-30 : A faukon peregryn thanne semed she Of fremde land, and euere moore as she stood She swowned now and now.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)10 : An hare shal dure wel iiii myle, or more or lasse, and she be an olde hare mascle.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.86 : The ampte..to sauen hir fro colde, Sche to-forne astored hath hir holde.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)151b/b : Ȝif þou take brede and wete it in þe blode of him þat is bitin of a wode hounde and ȝif it to ane henne forto ete, sche wille not eten it but ȝif sche be riȝte hungerye; and ȝif sche ete it, sche schal dyen wiþ inne two daies after.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)623 : Hym that she cheest, he shal hire han as swithe.
- a1450 Dur-CRO.Bk.Hawking (Dur-CRO Roll D/X/76/7)24/35 : The frounce comis..when a man giffes his hawke at euery male a kyngas [read: kyddes] mete iii days or iv togedir..or ellis if cho haue cat flesche in þe same maner.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3928 : Before scho [a beast] drank of þis dam, his douth sho assaild.
- a1475 Mourn.Hare (Brog 2.1)4 : I hard a mornyng of an haare; Rouffully schew mad he here.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)1646 : Hys lyonesse adon gan race All þat scle [read: sche] tok, yn body & face.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)40/5 : He..is like to an egle lordshippyng a-monge..briddes and other fovles, for she is not like to none other brid that is subgette to her.
b
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2182 : Þoȝ þe dore were strong & huge, wiþ þe strok sche fleȝ Out of þe Hokes.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2359 : To morwe we wolleþ..by-gynne þe sege..& fro þat tine [read: time] she ys by-gunne ne schal heo neuere be laft Til þe tour aȝen be wonne.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Jer.15.18 : Whi maad is my sorewe perpetuel & my wounde [L plaga] despeirable it forsooc to ben cured? maad she is to me as lesing of vnfeiþful watris.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Jer.48.1 : Wo vp on nabo, for wastid she is [WB(2): it is destried] & confounded.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Jer.48.39 : He tobrosede moab as a vessel vnprofitable..what maner she is ouercomen & þei ȝelleden?
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)60/14 : Þe parysch cherch stod stylle in her worshep & hyr degre as sche had don ij hundryd ȝer before & mor.
- a1450 Dc.291 Lapid.(Dc 291)p.34 : Hadda is euel to fynde aboue all þe stones þat arne, for she shal neuer be founden but men kerue þe bordes of þe shippe.
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)9129 : The ship aflote Was She fonde redy.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)121/8 : Þis herbe hat lewys lyke to fenkel, and in þe same manere sche beryth here seed.
- c1450 Art Number.(Ashm 396)34/21 : The 10 is clepede..a cifre, other a figure of nought, for nought it signyfiethe; Nathelesse, she holdyng that place givethe others for to signyfie, for withe-out cifre..a pure article may not be writte.
- a1475(1438) St.Alex.(4) (Hrl 4775)117 : Gret swetnes of savour come out of the shryne, that hit semed to alle that she was ful of precious oynementis.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)32a/b : Ther is oon certeyne veyne þe which aloone springiþ of þe gilbouse partie..of þe lyuere..and sche is stok of alle veynes outaken þe veynes miseraicis.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)41b/a : Matrix or þe marys of a womman is an official membre..and sche is an instrument of generacoun.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)75a/b : Jf it is so þat an arowe is not obedient to be drawen out anoon aftir þat sche is schoten, þanne it bihoueþ þat þou lete yt resten in pees, [etc.].
- a1500 Add.Hymnal (Add 34193)457/52 : The see also schee makyth reioynge.
- a1500 Bod.EMisc.Lapid.(BodEMisc e.558)29/190 : Alectorius is a stone þat growith in a caponnes body..and she growith noo gretter then a bene.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)132/9 : Þy rodde she shal teche me.
- a1500 Partenay (Trin-C R.3.17)4495 : He..A chambre founde full fair wroght & well..She myght in no wise, lö more fairer be.
- a1500 Parton.(1) (RwlPoet 14)9149 : The shipe I spake of was full goode; Full faste she [UC: he] saylede þorwe þe flode.
c
- c1325 Fasc.Mor.(Cmb Oo.7.32)Tag 33 : Þe leuedi fortune is boþe frend and fo; Of pore che makit riche, or riche pore also.
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)42/17 : Whan the mone is direct wt caput or cauda, she hath no latitude.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.853 : Divisioun..moder of confusioun Is wher sche cometh overal.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.160 : Eft scheo [Venus] asketh, what was I.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9567 : 'Fader,' sco [Mercy] said, 'þi doghter am i.'
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)109/10-11 : Þat humilite go bifore al þat we don..and þat sche be set to us and we cleue to hure, and þat sche be prented in us.
- c1400 PPl.C (Dgb 171:Carn.)3.115 : Sȝheo [Hnt HM 137: mede þe mayde þe meyere hue by-souhte Of alle suche sellers suluer to take].
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1256 : After thiself next heried be she; Venus mene I, the wel-willy planete.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4544 : Resoun hadde bothe skile and ryght Whanne she me blamed.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.1.19 : Whan sche [Philosophy] hef hir heved heyer, sche percede þe selve hevene.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.3.100 : What wenestow thar rekke yif thow forleete hir in deyinge, or elles that sche, Fortune, forleete the in fleynge awey?
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)222/12 : Aftir tyme a soule is come and haþ geten þis general liht..sche schulde not hoolde her apayd wiþout moore.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1578 : Sche [Confession] wolde not ellys, ȝone olde trat, But putte þe to penaunce and to stresse.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)40/28 : But sche [the soul] be susteyned & strengþid þoruȝ þis breed þat I calle þe grace of þe Hooly Goost.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)309 : Oure modur..we kennen for kinde and callen þe erþe; Sche vs norscheþ at nede & inow sendeþ.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1399 : So song the myghty Muse, she That cleped ys Caliope.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)112/3363 : Welaway that pite..is deed, For were she quykke, long nar y this bandonyd.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)3339 : Yt founde ys That she hath..Broke hyr [Grace Dieu] franchyse & hyr ryht.
- c1475 Court Sap.(Trin-C R.3.21)1910 : Dame Rethoryke..taught theym..Yche thyng endyted how hit shuld peyntyd be; Dystinccion she gan declare and discus, Whyche ys coma, colon, periodus.
- a1500(a1400) Wycl.FHC (NC 95)354 : Þe twelþe condicion þat sueþ þis charite is þat sche takeþ mekely what euere þing þat comeþ hir to.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)194 : It fensith aduersite, þat she do not oppresse.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)778 : Therfore alle haste eschewe & feere As if that she a deville were.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)45/1 : He commencid holy church wyth his blod whan she [Dub: che] was arerynge.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)1512 : Whi may man þe newe mone not se Til þat she in þe west be?
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)376 : Patronesse of plesaunce, be namyd well se [Venus] myght.
3.
As noun: (a) the female; a female human being, animal, bird, or plant; ~ and (or) he, he or ~, the) he and ~; (b) in combs.: a female; -- also used with a tree considered as female; ~ ape (got, lomb, wolf, etc.).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.93 : Freletee clepe I, but if that [vr. the] he and she Wolde leden al hir lyf in chastitee.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)619 : Þe bestes all, bath sco [Göt: scho] and he, War broght forwit him to see.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10205 : For-þi to godd a-vou þai gaf, þat if þai ani child moght haf, Queþer sum it war sco or he, To godd be-taght þan suld it be.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1835 : O yonge, fresshe folkes, he or she..Repeyreth hom fro worldly vanyte.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1082 : Thou wilt gesse That it the same body be, Man or woman, he or she.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)257 : Sum can þe brefe be-life þe birth of þine childire, Be it hee, be [it] scho.
- a1500 Agnus Castus (Hrl 3840)197/4 : Policaria..hath leuys y-lech to fern..and sho hath a stok ful of braunches, and he hath smale coddes yn the whych ys sed.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)47/124 : Of cleane fowles seaven alsoe, the hee and shee together.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.21.28 : Abraham ordeynde seuen sche lombes [WB(2): ewe lambren] of þe flock asyde.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.30.35 : He seuerde þat day þe sche-geyt & þe schepe & þe heȝe geyt.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.36.24 : He fedde þe she assez of sebeon, his fader.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.22.28 : Þei mowe be offred to þe lord, wheþer þei be sheo oxe oþer sheo sheep.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.14.18 : If ȝee haddyn not erid in my sche calf [WB(2): cow calf, that is, my wijf] ȝee schuldyn not han fowndyn my proposicyown.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 17.8 : Þou hast knowen þi fader..to ben most strong & in bittir wil, as if a sche [WB(2): femal; vr. schue] bere waxe feers.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)SSol.7.3 : Þi two tetis as two ȝunge capretis jemews of þe she capret.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mcp.(Manly-Rickert)H.183 : A she wolf hath also a vileyns kynde.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.424 : The buttokes of hem..faren as it were the hyndre part of a she ape in the fulle of the moone.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)291a/b : Of an hors and a sche asse..is y-gendred a mule.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)22b : Dracona: a shouȝ dragon.
- ?a1440 Hortus (Brist-U)259 : [Cer]ua: a she hert.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)4.919 : From hir damme a she asse oon yer olde Do putte in sharp pastures.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)61/7 : Tak..þe mydwarde barke of þe scho asche.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)232/20 : Euer-ilk day, at meate tyme, þer come vnto his yate a sho-wulfe.
- a1500 Nominale in Spec.56 (Harv Law Lib 43)576 : Luminator: a limnour; luminatrix: a she lymnour.
- c1500 I haue a lady (Trin-C R.3.19)32 : As a she ape she ys harmelesse, And as a hornet meke and pytelesse.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- 1468 *Medulla (StJ-C C.22)107b/b : Tegellaria: a she tylare
Note: Unlikely occupation for a woman. Seems to be attempt to explain Latin feminine. Other uses lack or simply say 'feminine gender'. Note "tegularia," which seems to be a witch.--per MM
Note: "tegularia venefica super tegulas sacrificans" (Dict. of Medieval Latin from British Sources).
- ?a1450 Poem Hawking (Yale 163)569,573 : The tarcell-gentill is worst of alle, For she wolle fly full oft a-way…Ther-for þat she fle not an hye, Hang on ii bellys on other legge.
- ?a1450 Poem Hawking (Yale 163)591 : The tarcell-gentill may not defye, Sum-tyme her gorge…ouer-putte; Ordeygne her ther-for twy or thry Rounde stones…as muche as a nutte Lay them a-forne her…She wille receyue hem…And kest hem a-geyne.
Note: We need to add to sense 2.(a) something to accomodate these quots, where what is well-known to the writer to be a male bird (a tercel is always a male and the falcon the female of the species) is generically referred to with female pronouns. Perhaps change the part after the dash (--) to read: "used with female creatures and others regarded as female; also used generically of the tercel (which is male [quots.:?a1450]); also used pleonastically;" and add the quots.--per MJW
- c1400 Apoc.(2) (Hrl 1203)96/6 : [Hrl 171: neiþer voice of ] he spouse nor of she spouse [schal be herd.]
Note: 3.(b) per REL
- a1450 Aue maris stella (Sln 2593)2 : AUe maris stella…dei mater alma, blyssid mot Xe be.
Note: New spelling