Middle English Dictionary Entry
servī̆l(e adj.
Entry Info
Forms | servī̆l(e adj. Also serville, serval. |
Etymology | L servīlis & OF servil, servel. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Of the rank of servant or slave, subordinate, subject; also, appropriate to or characteristic of a servant or slave, lowly, mean; ~ bond, a social contract to be subject to a king; (b) ~ werk, work forbidden to be done on the Sabbath, laborious work, work done for personal gain; also fig.; also, a particular task or kind of work so forbidden; ~ labour, a particular task or kind of work forbidden; (c) ~ dred, the fear which a servant or slave has of his master, fear of punishment; a reverence for God born of a fear of divine wrath or punishment.
Associated quotations
a
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)8447-8451 : 'If þou þan,' quod he, 'be a ientyl wumman, A serual persone why shewyst the In maners & condycyouns for to be?' 'For I am,' quod she, 'crystys handmayde; Therefore to shewe me I ne am dysmayde A seruyle persone for crystys sake.'
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)8886 : Quyncyan..fro seruyl condycyoun fortune up hent.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)2.987 : Thanne may ye see þat all this seruyle boond Cam oute of fredam.
- c1450 De CMulieribus (Add 10304)615 : Ther was..in Athens a grete vnyuersyte Of liberall science for all men that were fre; For seruyle personys that tyme didd not stody But in handecraftys to excercyse the body.
- a1500 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)p.88 : He left his realle arraie and seruants clothes on hym hent, And..his foos didde hym to deth..ffor thay knewe noght the king in his servylle habite.
- a1500 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)p.88 : Thus crist luved vs..Cledde in mans flesshe als in clothes of seruyle degree.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.23.21 : Ȝe shal clepe þis day most solempne & most holy; al seruyle work ȝe sholyn not do in hit.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)90/26 : Forsoþe þe seuenþe dai is þe sabot of þi Lord; þou schalt not do ony seruyle werk.
- (1449) RParl.5.152a : Yer be no Merketts in thy places of thy Roialme, ne oyer servile werkes don uppon Sondays, out take tho things yat be tu use of mete and drynke alonly.
- c1450 Euery man schulde (Lamb 853)15 : Haue mynde to helewe þin holi day..Leue seruile werkis & nyce aray.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)155/10 : Simon, archbischop of Cauntirbury, held a grete councel at Londoun, where was ordeyned that Good Friday and Soule-masse Day schuld be holy fro al maner seruyle werkis.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)8.49 : Criste salutethe yow..commaundenge þe that marchandyse be not usede thro alle thy realme in Sonnedayes, auther servile labours [Trev.: several (vr. servyle) werkes; L opera servilia], those thynges excepte which perteyne to tho lyfe of man.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)128/29 : Ech persoone now rehercid schulde forbere at sum whilis al seruile werk, þat is to seie, al worldly wynful werk.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.273 : As longe as þu art in dedly synne..so longe þu halwist nout þe halyday, for þu dost seruyle werk of synne.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.277 : Seruyl wark is clepyd euery bodely wark don principaly for temporel lucre & wordly wynnyng, as beyyng, sellyng, eryyng, sowyng, repynge, mowynge, & alle craftis of wynnynge; also pletynge, motynge, marketis, feyris, sittynge of iusticis & of iugis, schadyng of blood and execucion, of punchinge be þe lawe, & alle warkys þat schuldyn lettyn man from Godis seruise.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.278 : Swyche oþer nedful warkys ben don purly for elmesse..it arn þan no seruyle warkys.
c
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)126/12 : Þanne he disposeþ hym to haue..þe þirst of vertu..Thanne he gooþ sikirly wiþoute ony seruile dreede.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)131/1 : Manye..bigunnen to stien up..bycause þei felte hem prickid of seruyle drede, þat is to seye, dreedynge her owne propre peyne.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)131/13 : Seruile dreede is not sufficient aloone to ȝeue hem euerlastinge liif, but if it be medlid wiþ holy, chast dreede, þat is, wiþ loue of vertu.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)38/23 : He louez god of charite that kepes principally wel the for-sayde commaundmentes of verre loue and not seruyle drede.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.334 : Ȝe seruans be ȝe sogetis & meke in al dred to ȝour lordis, þat is to seye, nout only in seruyle dred but also in loue dred for Godis sake.