Middle English Dictionary Entry
scōr(e n.
Entry Info
Forms | scōr(e n. Also skor(e, skorre, schor(e; pl. scores, etc. & (early) scoren & scor(e, skor(e, sckore, schore, (error) scrore. |
Etymology | LOE scoru, from ON: cp. OI skor notch, rift, tally, twenty. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A crack, crevice; (b) a mark on a tree to be felled; (c) a track, way; holden ~ after, to follow (sb.); (d) a limit, boundary; oute of ~, immoderately, unreasonably; also, at all [quot.: HS 3679]; (e) ~ nail, a treenail, prob. with a score in its head to receive a treenail wedge; (f) pl. ?a pathological condition involving marks of some kind on the body; ?error for sores, pl. of sor(e n.(1); ?error for sornes(se n.
Associated quotations
a
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2660 : Thanne shal thou go the dore bifore, If thou maist fynde ony score [F fendeure] Or hoole or reeft..Thanne shalt thou..lay to ere.
b
- (a1395) Acc.Savoy in Archaeol.24313 : xij d. solut. diversis hominibus ad levandum & revertendum merem.; ibm. ad videndum les scores.
c
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)3377 : Belyn..taughte Brenne a geyner weye, To trauersen hem al ouer þere score & passe þe Romayns wel byfore.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)5028 : O þyng he comaunded most, Þat non scholde..On fro oþer, of renge go Ne non..holde byhynde in coward score.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)13694 : But Irelgas was euere byfore, After hym his folk held wel þe score.
d
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1545 : Sum owtȝe nat to be Of here wurdys to fre..For ȝyf þey speke oute of skore, Þey beþ to be blamed eft þarfore.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3679 : Spekeþ no fylþe oute of skore [F nais].
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Petyt 511)4892 : For he has born proude þerfore to his barons out of score.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)222/81 : He skelpte oute of score Þat stately stode selland þer store.
e
- (1336-7) in Sandahl ME Sea Terms 1156 : Item, in c et di. clauis ligneis vocatis Skornail, precium cent. xviij d.
f
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)276/890 : For the Scores: Tak a quyk haare..and lat hym bake alday and all nyȝt..and all hote stamp hym to poudre and ete and drynk þerof first and last.
2.
(a) A tally stick; bi ~, as recorded on a tally; in ~, marked on a tally [some quots. may belong in (b) and vice versa]; (b) a financial record, perh. kept by tallies; ?also, a diary [quot.: 1483]; upon ~, on credit; (c) a reckoning, total amount; enumeration; rekenen for ~, to settle accounts; -- used fig.; (d) a legal charge, sentence.
Associated quotations
a
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)416 : On his ȝerde skore shalle he Alle messys in halle þat seruet be..Iche messe at vj d. breue shalle he At the countyng house with oþer mene; Yf þo koke wolde say þat were more, Þat is þo cause þat he hase hit in skore.
- c1450(?a1400) Chestre Launfal (Clg A.2)419 : All þat Launfal hadde borwyþ before, Gyfre, be tayle and be score, Ȝald hyt well and fyne.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)255/2 : He anon and radly laft all his scores and cownturs and his bokes and suet Cryst forþe.
b
- c1230 Ancr.(Corp-C 402)214/15 : Nawt, deore dehtren, ne wite ȝe in ower hus of..chartres, Scoren, ne cyrograffes.
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)pp.90,92 : Of plee of dette is þus..answere, ȝif þat þe axkere bryngeþ skore [F taille] oþer wryt and aske þe berynge y-holeleche, no day of answere be y-graunted by þe court, wit-þowte grauntyng of þe askere, but þe defendaund graunteþ..paye y-maked by skore oþer by scryt oþer by sywete.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)324 : A Score: epimeridia.
- a1550(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Sln 1873)2550 : At the firste makyng of oure stone..The costis be so grete before, Expendid & set vppon the scoore.
c
- ?1316 SMChron.(Roy 12.C.12)253 : That were sixti yer by score Er then Crist were ybore.
- a1450 LDirige(1) (Dgb 102)393 : Alas, y may..At domesday stonde in drede..Þe fendes redy my rolle to rede, Þe countretayle to shewe, þe score, Þe leste steppe þat euere y ȝede.
- a1450 Thenke hertely (Dgb 102)47 : Þy countretayle þey wil shewe, þe skore, In helle or in heuene, wreten trewe.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)154/4588 : But helpe, Fortune..And set me of my grevous som a schore, Or y am ded.
- ?a1500(a1471) Brut-1461(2) (Lyell 34)93 : Yet hastow, souuerayne lord, in these lordes absence Of alle thaym to a kyng ryghte resonable expens; Thay shalle come agayne and rekene for the scoore.
d
- a1350 Ne mai no lewed (Hrl 2253)8 : Ah, bote y be þe furme day on folde hem byfore, ne shal y nout so skere scapan of huere score.
3.
Twenty, a score: (a) as noun; -- often with of phrase; also, twenty persons, etc.; mani (a) ~, large numbers; (b) as adj.; mani ~; (c) as an abstract number.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Lucy (LdMisc 108)13 : Folk wende þudere..bi manie scor to-gadere.
- c1390 Treat.Mass (Vrn)257 : Whuche þat ȝe wole preye fore, Þauh ȝe do for mony a score, At a Masse ȝe may.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)3493 : Bot yhit þar er ful many ma Of veniel syns, be [?read: by] many a score, Over þas þat I haf tald byfore.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)6107 : He sclow of the Gregeis many a score.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)41/200 : Of man and of best is dreynte many a skore.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)175/319 : Sett me before ay good enogh for a skore.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.2753 : I wot noght wel hou many score..Lovers, that comen to beholde.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)3.112 : She makiþ men mysdo manye score [vr. schor] tymes.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4200 : Þar kindiles þai brede, Scorpions many score, scautand neddirs.
c
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)450 : Score, nowmere: Scoria, vicenarium.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)108b : A Score: vicena, nomen numerale.
- a1500 Weights in RHS ser.3.41 (Vsp E.9)12 : Itt is so understand that all maner of weyghtes be made be unces or pounds or dossynnes, viz., xiiths, or scorys, viz., xxtes, and of scorys be made hundrythes.
4.
In compound numbers: (a) as noun; four (six, nin, etc.) ~, eighty (one hundred and twenty, one hundred and eighty, etc.); four ~ and seven, twenti ~ and five, etc.; thousand ~, twenty thousand; a large indefinite number; bi thousand ~, by twenty-thousandfold; (b) as adj.; four (thre, ten, etc.) ~; four ~ and nin, seven ~ and five, etc.; four (thre, ten, hundred) ~ thousand; scores nin, seven scores.
Associated quotations
a
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7839 : Þo deide he in þe ȝer of grace a þousend..& four score & seuene.
- a1350 Flem.Insur.(Hrl 2253)31 : Tuenti score ant fyue haden þer meschaunce.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)4126 : King Arthour, Bohort, and Ban Wele wiþ sex score of her man Went hem to Brekenho.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)132 : Feþli a-mong foure schore vnneþe findestow on gode.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.500 : It so befelle That althertrewest man ybore, To chese among a thousend score..Mi ladi lovede.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2891 : Bot thanne be a thousand score Welmore than I was tofore I am tormented in mi slep.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2168 : Phaleth..liued..Tua hundret..Ragan, his sun þat was, Tuelue scor [Göt: skor; Trin-C: scrore] o yeires bot an lesse.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)5489 : Half sex skor was ioseph þat day.
- (1412) in Salzman Building in Engl.489 : Dame Katerine and William bindes thame..for to pay..for the makyng of the forsaide Kirke of Katrik newe..eght score of markes.
- c1425 Evang.(BodAdd C.38)724 : Foure score & foure she had in eelde.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)155/278 : Wer they a thousand skore, This bargayne schall þai bande [read: banne].
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3177 : Ȝit sall I ordane to ȝour ane..A ix score of new geere of nurtrid maydens.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)2.42 : For on þat ȝe merkyd ȝe myssed ten schore Of homeliche hertis þat þe harme hente.
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)866 : For cristendom they fouȝten ful sore with vi Ml. & vii sckore Off sarisins.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2638 : My fader was a philisofer & of fele yeres, To the nowmber of nene skowre.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (LdMisc 108)304 : Four-score ȝer we habbez i-beon here.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3218 : He haued brogt..x score ðhusent of fote-ren.
- c1330 SMChron.(Auch)2069 : He purueyd him o be hiue Schippes ful seuen score & fiue.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Kings 12.21 : He gaderede al þe hous of Juda..an hundrid & foure score thousend of chosene men & fiȝteris.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)1851 : Til vij skores [Vsp: seuensith tuenti] dayes ware comme and gan, þe stremys stode stille in ane.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)10.180 : Ac theologie hath tened me ten score tymes.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)73a/a : In þo foure members þer ben sex score bones.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)90/23 : Halfe þe firmament contenez bot nyne score degreez.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)2.108 : Off pastynyng thus mesure euery side, A tabul square an aker lond to holde, ffeet scoris nyne [L centeni octogeni] in lengthe, as fele in wide.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)103/17 : There arn dwellende in his hous ten skore thousent men.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)73/12 : In whiche cyte were more þan an hundred score thowsand peple.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)265/31 : The same abbesse yaf to the forsaid Iordan iiij score mark of siluer.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)155/5 : Wyntir..conteynith threscor dayis and nynetene.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)2047 : iij skore thowsand they were withoute moo.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)56 : Foure score and nyne maistres þer were.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)4092 : Þai..foure scoure fyne shippes to the flete broght.
5.
(a) Twenty years of age; (b) a weight of twenty pounds; (c) a measure of quantity equivalent to twenty units.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)40/885 : He segh þe child so queinte of lore He wolde techen him nammore; He þouȝte wel, at a score, He sscholde passi him bifore.
b
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)136/631 : As a shepe of vij skore he weyd in my fyst.
c
- (1456) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2.p.53 : The seid byars shall pay..for xx Fysshes, the which is seid the skorre, j d.
6.
?In place name [see Smith PNElem.2.113].
Associated quotations
- (1279) EPNSoc.13 (War.)305 : Comton Schorefen.
- (1403) EPNSoc.13 (War.)305 : Compton Scorfyn.
- (1477) EPNSoc.13 (War.)305 : Scorfyn.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 1.(f)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. scores.