Middle English Dictionary Entry
scā̆rs(e adj.
Entry Info
Forms | scā̆rs(e adj. Also scarce, skars(e, schars, skers & scāce, skace & (?error) skarske; sup. scarsest & (error) scarces. |
Etymology | OF eschars, escharse, eschasse, scars, (chiefly) ONF escars(e; cp. ML scarsus & ME escā̆rs adj. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Insufficient or barely sufficient in amount, number, or effect; small in amount, few in number, rare; of hair: sparse; of a text: lacking needed explanation; (b) limited in area, narrow, cramped; of a period of life: brief; (c) barely sufficient in amount of food, lean; (d) of measure: scant, only the amount specified.
Associated quotations
a
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6862 : His moder he dude ek in warde & scars liflode ire fond.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.93 : Þe comyn lettre of Mathew is ful skars [L defectiva] for mene men myȝte vnderstonde.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.9 : Alexander..ordeyned þat þe oyst schulde be of þerf brede and a litel quantite, and seide þat þe scarser [Higd.(2): rare; L rarior] þe oyst be, þe better it is.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)200b/b : For al þat is skars and seelden y-hadde is cleped gret and precious.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)296a/b : If þe sowe is right fatte, hire mylke is wel scars after þe farwynge.
- c1400 St.Alex.(3) (LdMisc 622)560 : Þe wynde was gret & noþing skars; þonder dyned shille.
- ?c1425(c1380) Chaucer Form.A.(Benson-Robinson)36 : Ther poverte is..Ther as vitaile is eek so skars and thinne That noght but mast or apples is therinne.
- c1460(?c1435) Lydg.Let.Glo.(Hrl 2255)23 : No maryneer durste take on honde To caste an ankir for streihtnesse of passage; The custom skars as folk may vndirstonde Oonly for lak of plate and of coignage.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)29b : For but þe legiouns be euery monþe or elles euery ȝere restored and stuffed wiþ newe werriours in here stede þat ben passed, ellis may þe oost, be he neuere so plentevous, riȝt sone..waxe þynne and scars.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.175 : Forwhy of þinges skars and diminute Nature ne took noght hire produccioun Bot of a hoole, complet and absolute Fro all defaut and diminucioun.
- c1450 Brut-1431(1) (Eg 650)448 : In þat tyme money was skarse.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)116 : Sche was clodeþ in tars, Rowme and nodyng skars, Pelured wyth blaunner.
- a1500(?c1414) ?Brampton PPs.(1) (Sln 1853)p.19 : I schal have ryght thanne and no grace; Thanne schal mercy be ful scace.
- a1500(?c1414) ?Brampton PPs.(1) (Sln 1853)p.37 : My tyme is lytel here; My dayes be waxen wonder scace.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)224/29 : The benure man..hath Sumwhate lowe here and Sumwhate scarse.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.237 : Artaxerses hadde..schippes of werre wiþ yren snowtes, two þowsand, and two hondred and þre þowsand of oþer schippes wel arrayed, so þat þe ryueres semed scars [Higd.(2): vnnethe sufficiaunte; L vix..suffecisse] for hem to goo ynne.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.91 : A chirche schulde be bulde in a place, but þe place was to scars and to narowe.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)478 : The skynner vn-to þe feeld moot also; His hous in london is to streyt & scars To doon his craft.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5040 : Þen bownes agayn þe bald kyng, baldly he wepis, Þat he so skitly suld skifte & fra [read: for] his skars terme.
c
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)419/41 : Gregori..I-sayȝ þat þe day to halewi was..in a skars [Ashm: scarces; Hrl: dureste] tyme of þe ȝere, ase we wyten, it was in May..Þare-fore he liet þane day tuyrne, ase we him holdez ȝuyte, In þe furste dai of nouembre, ȝwane ech guod nis nouhȝt so luyte.
- c1450 Hoccl.RP (LdMisc 735)108/95 : In days olde..Was grete howsholde stuffid with vitaill; But now howsholdes be full scars and lene.
d
- c1300 SLeg.Nich.(Hrl 2277)133 : Al þis corn þat þu sixt þat we habbeþ ibrouȝt, Mid swiþe scars [Ld: schars] met mid alle itake hit is ous echone For to lede to þemperour.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)176a/a : Let it seþe til it be wasted to a skars pinte.
2.
(a) Stingy, niggardly; of a reputation, spending, etc.: characterized by niggardliness; also, as noun: a niggard; to ~, excessively frugal, niggardly; (b) provident, sparing; moderate in indulgence, sober; of diet: lean; of manner of living: moderate, sober, abstemious; (c) ~ of, niggardly in regard to (granting mercy, gifts, possessions, etc.); also fig.; also, sparing or careful in (forming affection); ~ of sinninge, free of great or many sins; ~ from, abstaining from (pleasing food).
Associated quotations
a
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)50/1110 : He was scars and chinche.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)54/3 : Tuo mesures makeþ be wyȝte ymad: Þe mesure of wombe in oþre-manne house guode and large, And þe mesure of the purse of his, þet is zorȝuol and scarse.
- c1390 Cato(1) (Vrn)443 : Beo not to scars, freliche dispende, Þer neod is euer among.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2789 : Ye shul vse the richesses whiche ye haue geten by youre wit and by youre trauaille in swich a manere that men holde yow nat to scars ne to sparynge ne to fool large.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4728 : Sei the trouthe, if thou hast be Unto thy love or skars or fre.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)278b/a : Þe hound..is coueytous and skars [L parcus] and busy to legge vp and to huyde þe relief.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)126/17 : Whanne oure Lord is large of his drinke, be not we scarse nygardus þerof to parte wiþ oþere.
- (1415) Hoccl.Oldcastle (Hnt HM 111)243 : Reward had, & consideracioun, Vn-to the dignitees of tho persones, Thow art of a scars reputacioun.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2329 : Loke that no man for scarce thee holde.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)253/34 : I wil þat þei be large and not scarse, þat is, neiþir for couetise ne auarice þei sille þe grace of þe holy goost.
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)113/5 : Makeþ wanhope Goddes mercy to scars.
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)131/20 : Avarice scheweþ him in thre þinges: in besy wynnynge, streyte holdynge, and scars spendyng.
- c1450 Royal SSecr.(Roy 18.A.7)7/13 : Ther is a kyng that is larg to him silf and skars [Lambeth: auers; Ashmole: nygard; L auarus] to his sugetis.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)105 : Þei are largist bihiȝtars, and scarsist geuars.
- 1448 *Glo.Chron.C (Arms 58:Kooper)f.165r : Quene Emme hadde gadered huge tresoure longe tyme nothing yevyng .. so that sheo hadde spared and be skers, forytyng poure men and other worshippes that fell to a quene.
- a1500(?c1414) ?Brampton PPs.(1) (Sln 1853)p.46 : Thou were nevere scarce, to knyȝt nor knave, That wolde lyfte up his herte to the.
- a1500(1472) Worcester DSP (Trin-C O.5.6)280 fn. : Scarsest [DSPhilos.: moste nygarde; Scrope: þe harsshest of alle men is he that askithe vnbehouely after þat men hathe refused him].
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)53/25 : Nou behoueþ to habbe tuo mesures, ane little and ane scarse, þet he useþ touore þe uolke; And anoþre guode and large, þet he useþ þet non ne y-zyȝþ.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.31.24 : Wakinge & colere & anguysh to an vndiscret man; slep of helþe in a scars man.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.35 : Ligurgus..techeþ alle men to be skilfulliche scars, þat þe trauaille of knyȝthode be nouȝt destroyed by greet wastynge and spendynge.
- (1395) Wycl.37 Concl.(Tit D.1:Compston)747 : Religiouse possessioneris, as munkis & chanons..shulden ben apaied wiþ scars liflode & cloþinge geten wiþ here owne labour.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)81a/a : Þe diete schal be ful scars, as crommes of bred ofte I-waissche in vinegre.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)143a/b : He most haue ordynat diete, noþir to scars nothir to full.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)192a/a : Þe men ben of..scars lyuyng, and many suffre hungre longe tyme and eten seelde to fore þe sonne goyng doune.
- (1434) Misyn ML (Corp-O 236)113/21 : In meet & drynke be þow scars & wisse.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)126/7 : A slepe of swetnes is in a scarce man.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)128/16 : What is maner in good living but mesure, þat no þing be had to moche ne to litell but in a scarce mene.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)136/8 : A man mow hold him apayed with right scarce livelod such as only is sufficiaunt to þe necessite of kynde and not to þe lust.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)1.389 : Skarse peple in meite and drynke, suffrenge hungre a longe tyme, Thei eite selde vn til after the goenge downe of the son.
- a1500(c1380) Wycl.Papa (Ryl Eng 86)473 : He wolde mene þat crist was a fool & to scars in leste godis.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)14/8 : Scarse he was of mete to hym-self, but large to other.
- a1500 Rolle Mend.L.(Wor F.172)38 : In eetyng and drynkyng schars and discret.
c
- c1330 KTars (Auch)35/92 : Sir, þe king of Tars Of wicked wordes is nouȝt scars: Heþen hounde he gan þe calle.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)8.25 : He..was..large of ȝiftes outward and scars in privete.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4712 : Hast thou be scars or large of yifte Unto thi love, whom thou servest?
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4788 : What man that scars is of his good And wol noght yive, he schal noght take.
- a1400 Cato(3) (Frf 14)211 : Be scarske of þi louing til hit come to prouing.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)218/6477 : So fresshe bewte, so moche goodlynes, So skace of grace, so large of crewelte.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Pseudo-F.(Dub 245)316 : Siche ordris lyuen scars fro good mete & so scarsnesse of heere foode telliþ to men þat þei ben hooly.
- a1500(?c1414) ?Brampton PPs.(1) (Sln 1853)p.21 : To synfull man thou were nevere scace Of 'Ne reminiscaris, Domine!'
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)125/18 : They ben skarse of synnynge.