Middle English Dictionary Entry
rọ̄k(e n.(2)
Entry Info
| Forms | rọ̄k(e n.(2) Also (N) ruk(e, ruike & (early) roc & (in names) rock(e-, rokke-, rouk(e, rouc-, ruc-, rucke, (early) roce-, rik-, (infl.) ro(c)kes-, rox(e-. |
| Etymology | OE hrōc |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The rook (Corvus frugilegus); also, a related bird of the crow family; (b) ?the mavis.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Stw.57 Gloss.(Stw 57)412 : Graculus: Roc.
- c1225(OE) Wor.Aelfric Gloss.(Wor F.174)543/5 : Graculus: roc.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1130 : Þar noþe [read: nowe] sedes boþ isowe Pinnuc, golfinc, rok ne crowe Ne dar þar neuer cumen ihende.
- ?a1300 StJ.List Trees (StJ-C E.17)p.155 : Fru: Roke.
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(LdMisc 108)196 : Blake foule huy seiȝe, Ase it crowene and rokes weren.
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Cmb Gg.1.1)784 : E meuz serroie de un blareth pu Ke ne serroie du char de fru [glossed:] rook.
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)792 : Corb, corf, et charderole: Roke, Rauen, and goldefynch.
- c1380 Vncomly in (Arun 292)9 : Mani is þe sorwfol song it singge vpon mi bok..I gowle on mi grayel and Rore als a Roke.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)141b/a : Oþir foules..eten now fleische and now fruyt indifferentliche..as chowghes, crowes, rookes and rauenes.
- c1400 Femina (Trin-C B.14.40)60 : Et mult vault vne brallet estre pu Mult melour que char du fru: And much ys worþ a brandgoos y rosted Muche betere þan þe flesh of a rook.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)31/1 : Þer commes rukes and crakes and oþer fewles flyand ilk ȝere aboute þat place in grete multitude togyder.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)15413 : Paris..bad hem take him by the leggis And throwe him ouer In-to the seggis And let him ligge to roke & rauen.
- a1450 Terms Assoc.(1) (Rwl D.328)603 : A byldynge of rokes [vr. rookys].
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1516 : The halle was al ful, ywys, Of hem that writen olde gestes, As ben on trees rokes nestes.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.OFools (LdMisc 683)43 : A fface vnstable, gasyng Est and South, With loude lauhtres entrith his language, Gapeth as a rook abrood goth iowe and mouth, Lyk a iay enfomyned in hys cage.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)106a : A rvyke [Monson: Ruke]: monedula, frugella.
- 1486 ?Berners Bk.St.Albans (Blades 1881)leaf d ii/a : That terme, draw, is propurli assigned to that hawke that will slee a Roke or a Crow or a Reuyn vppon a londe sittyng, and then it most be sayd that sich an hawke will draw weell to a Rooke.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.281 : At mydmorwe sodeynly cam..a gret numbre of fendys in lyknesse of rafnes and rokys.
- a1500 Today in (Hrl 1002)164 : I hyrde the fowles syng..The rooke, the revyn, and the crow.
b
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)583/11 : Ficedula: a rooke.
2.
(a) In surnames; (b) in place names [see Smith PNElem.2.265].
Associated quotations
a
- (1185) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames298 : William Roc.
- (1202) CRR(1) 2105 : Haraldus Ruc.
- (1243) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames298 : William le Roke.
- (1261) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames167 : Ric. de la Rokele.
- (1265) Feet Fines Oxf.in ORS 12194 : Iohannes le Rooc.
- (1279) Hundred R.Tower 2828 : Willielmus le Ruk.
- (1310) Sub.R.Bdf.in Suf.GB 1844 : Gydo le Rooke.
- (1327) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames298 : Adam Rucke.
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 3162 : Richardus le Rouke.
- (1330) EPNSoc.8 (Dev.)39 : John de Rokebeare.
- (1428) Feudal Aids 1240 : Robertus Rouke.
- (c1457) Rec.Norwich 1407 : John Rook j Jak v s.
b
- (1155) EPNSoc.16 (Wil.)304 : Rokeleya.
- (1155) EPNSoc.16 (Wil.)304 : Roclee.
- (1180) in Bowcock PNShrop.200 : Roceleia.
- (c1190) in Mawer PNNhb.& Dur.168 : Rokehope.
- (1220) EPNSoc.3 (Bedf.& Hnt.)64 : Rokesdun.
- (1242) EPNSoc.16 (Wil.)304 : Rockel'.
- (1279) in Kökeritz PNWight21 : Rykley.
- (1280) EPNSoc.5 (North Riding Yks.)235 : Rokkewyt.
- (1280) EPNSoc.18 (Mid.)54 : Roxeth.
- (1287) EPNSoc.3 (Bedf.& Hnt.)64 : Rockesdon.
- (1301) EPNSoc.16 (Wil.)304 : Roukley.
- (1316) in Kökeritz PNWight21 : De Rouclye.
- (1323-45) in Mawer PNNhb.& Dur.168 : Rukhop.
- (1327) Name in LuSE 3584 : Roxeby.
- (1327) Name in LuSE 3584 : Roxham.
- (1334) in Kökeritz PNWight21 : Roukle.
- (1339) in Mawer PNNhb.& Dur.168 : Rukehop.
- (1398) EPNSoc.3 (Bedf.& Hnt.)64 : Rokeston.
- (c1440) in Kökeritz PNWight20 : Rocley.
- (1462) EPNSoc.18 (Mid.)53 : Roxbourgh.