Middle English Dictionary Entry
rivē̆r(e n.
Entry Info
Forms | rivē̆r(e n. Also rever(e, revare, revir(e, rewere, reivere; pl. rivers, etc. & (error) ryuverers. |
Etymology | OF rivier, AF riveir & OF riviere, reviere, (chiefly) AF rivere. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A river; also, the bank of a river; also, a body of water; to the ~ ward, toward the river; (b) in names of rivers: ~ gion (hermus, etc.); ~ of danube (nilus, temes, etc.); leire the ~; rodamus ~; (c) fig.; (d) a copious stream of oil, blood, tears, gold; (e) in cpds.: ~ brimme (side), the bank of a river; ~ crabbe, a freshwater crab; ?a crayfish; ~ fish, a freshwater fish; -- also coll.; ~ foul, a water bird; ~ snail, a snail that lives in rivers; ~ water, water from a river.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Inf.Chr.(LdMisc 108)307 : Huy wenden forth to þe Riuer, þare huy founden þat watur cler.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)14 : Englo[n]de is vol inoȝ..Of salt fichz & eke verss, of vaire riuers þer to.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1884 : Þe leuedi was sett onland To play bi þe riuere.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.64 : Þe þrid aungel blew his trumpe & a grete sterre fel fro heuene..& took þe þrid partie of þe ryuers.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3911 : If y me take to þe ryuer ward, þe strem ys so stil & hard, þat þer me tyd adrenche.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.19.6,7 : Faile shul þe flodis, and thynned & dried shul ben þe ryueres of water..nakened shal ben..þe ryueres [L rivi] fro þer welle.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.3024 : The brode ryuer [vr. reuyr] somtyme wexeth dreye.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.327 : Whan reueres [L flumina] wexeþ ouer mesures þey dooþ.. harme.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2161 : It fell him on a dai desire, Upon a Rivere as he stod, That passe he wolde over the flod Withoute bot.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)154b/a : Tygris is a ryuer of mesopotania.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)5922 : For þe rott þat þar-on fell, Bath it stanc, reuer and well.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)11932 : Ihesu & oþere childre samen Went hem bi þe ryuere [Vsp: flum] to gamen.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.1488 : Al þe soil, of bodyes þat lay dede, Lyk a ryuer ran with stremys rede.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.2.10 : A ryuer [WB(1): flood; L fluvius] ȝede out fro the place of likyng to moyste paradis.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)62 : Thare a citee he sette..That Caerlyon was callid, with curius walles, On the riche reuare þat rynnys so faire.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)3317 : Y..ron to þat reuere þo, And ryȝt þere y-drownyd y fonde my page.
- c1450(c1400) ?Clanvowe Cuckoo & N.(Frf 16)81 : The ryver that I sat vpon, Hit made such a noyse as hit ronne.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)1292-3 : The cite of Cair..stant vppon a fair riuer, And Nile þat ryuer cleped it ys.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)228/21 : Than was he ware of a man armed, walkynge a paase by a woodis ease by a revers syde.
- a1475 As I cam by (Brog 2.1)22 : When yche bruke ys a hy rewere Hyt stynttyt a-gayne as hit stode.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)955 : I cast it [medicine] in a foreyn, a comyn lake, Goyng to þe Ryver which dothe ebbe & flow.
b
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.2080 : Cirus..destroyed the ryuer of Gysen For that an hors of his was dreynt ther inne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)154a/b : Þe ryuer gyon hatte nilus also.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.10.13,15 : Alle the thinges that the ryver Tagus yyveth yow..or elles alle the thinges that the ryver Hermus yeveth..ne scholden not cleren the lookynge of your thought.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)5/2 : This ryuere of Danubee is a full gret ryuer.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)424 : I sall..By þe reyuere of Reone halde my rounde table.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)40/4 : Tygre & Eufrates..rynnez in-to þe ryuere [alt. from: reuere] of Nilus.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.MRose (Hrl 2255)100 : The Theban legioun..At Rodamus Ryuer was expert ther corage.
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)6874 : That to yow shall be grete comfort, Vpon the Banke yow to pley Of Leyre the rever tyll ayen the day.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.49/18 : Þe saide Abbot and Couent haue ryȝght..to Enioye all þe ffraunchises..in all the water þe which renneth vndur the same brugge vnto þe Ryuer of themse.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)190/18 : I shall..by the rever of Rome holde my Rounde Table.
c
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.196 : Þe ryuer of þe water of lijf bitokneþ þe ioye þat neuere shal faile.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)13b/b : Þey [angels] buth I-clepid fury riuers, for þey fondith copious plente þat neuer faileth of ȝeotinge and stremes of godis grace.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1055 : A reuer of þe trone þer ran outryȝte.
- a1425 Hayle bote (Wht)276 : The thred lettre of thy name, Lady, R, is ryuer of mercy.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.14 : Þese fisheris of God shulden waishe þere nettis in þis ryver.
- (?a1430) Hoccl.Ad SS (Hnt HM 744)26 : The ryuer of thy lust lat on vs reyne!
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)67/18 : Ingratitude farith as nought, þe which drieth þe welle of pite, þe dewe of grace, and þe ryuer of merci.
- a1450 *Aelred Inst.(2) (Bod 423)555 : Beholde in the ryuers of holy wryt hou besy thyn enemy is to ouercome the, and fle hym.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)59/9 : Þe yiftes of þe holy gost..ben rennyng riveris, for þei ben right plenteuously gadered togedre in a contemplatif soule.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.55.37a : Out of þis lufe comen alle manere synnes bi seuen riueres.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)1.29 : This presente story is smyten in to vij ryuerers [read: ryuers; Trev.: streemes; L rivis].
- a1500 Moste glorious lord (Voss Germ.Gall.Q.9)37 : [E]uer lastynge fortune of humilyte, Of whom spryngith the verrey reuer of grace.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Job 29.6 : I wesh my feet with butter & þe ston heeldede to me ryuerys [L rivos] of oile.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.8600 : He his swerd ful depe made drenche..in Troyanysche blood..Þat many ryuer..Ran her and þer of her hortis sore.
- a1425 Siege Troy(1) (LinI 150)110/1387 : In grete ryuers [Suth: streemes] þeo blod con renne Of hors, of bodies, of dede menne.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.3.2 : Al weere it so that a riche coveytous man hadde a ryver or a goter [L gurgite] fletynge al of gold, yit sholde it nevere staunchen his covetise.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)70/14 : Hys tendyr fete nayled to þe hard tre, þe reuerys of blood flowyng owt plentevowsly of euery membre.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)96/2 : Wassh a way þe woundis of þi soule with þe river of teris.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)36 : Hys sayntys..he doth satysfye Wyth þe precyose reuer þat runnyth from hys wombe.
- a1500 St.Jerome (Lamb 432)334/8 : Eche day thries he bete his ffleshe with so harde betingis, that ryvers of blode flowid frome his body.
e
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)153b/a : Ryuer watir is beste þat renneþ estward and spryngeþ and comeþ owte of hie mountaynes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)159a/b : Many ryuer ffysshes may noȝt taste saltnesse of þe see, ffor..he deieþ sodeyneliche.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)159b/a : See fysshe is bettir þanne ryuer ffysshe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)300b/b : Þere ben foure manere of snayles: londe snayles & see strond snayles and snayles þat liggen in marreys and ryuer snayles.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)322b/a : Eyren of ryuer foules beþ dyuers and oþur þan eyren of foules þat beþ y-fedde in drye londe.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)54 : Men shuld lede hem [hounds] out euery day..vpon right an hard pathe bi a revere syde.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)134 : Tho gan I walke thorough the mede..The ryver syde [F rivage] costeiyng.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)301/9 : Ryuer crabbes [*Ch.(1): flode crabbez] helpen moche.
- c1440(c1350) Octav.(1) (Thrn)147/1355 : Owte of the castelle gane þay goo By the reuere syde.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)54/14 : Sche sawe þe body come fletyng on the ryver-side.
- ?a1450 Arderne LW (Em 69)122 : The ffroggys..syngen in the toppe of the wylowys that growen by the ryver sydes.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)90/242 : Put all thies in a lede wyth as moch of clene ryver watir as they may easely be boyled in.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)1378 : Be-syde þat ryuer [Lamb: Vpon the watir] brym..Be-twene hem was batayle.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)81/28 : It nedys to him þat ys dronkyn of wyn..þat he..sitte by a Rennand Ryuere-syd.
2.
(a) A river or the banks of a river where the sport of hawking or the practice of fowling is carried out; also, the sport of hawking by a river; (b) foul ~, coll. game birds; de (of) ~, of birds: wild, game.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)15/230 : Stiward, tak nu here Mi fundlyng for to lere Of þine mestere, of wude & of riuere.
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)28/308 : Ich a faucoun on hond bere, And riden on haukin bi o riuere.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.94 : Neuer on Friday to wod þou go to chace; þe riuer salle þou forsake on Friday ilka dele.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)679 : Now can Alisaundre..of ryuer [LinI: reueryng], of haukyng, Of bataile, and of alle þing.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)7169 : Hij resten hem by longe tydes, And wel ofte on ryuer rides.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)3 : Þough it be so that havkyng with gentil houndis haukes [?read: and haukes] for þe heroun and the Reuere be noble and commendable, ȝit lasteþ it seelden at the most, not passyng half þe yere.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1618 : I to lyve in reste..Hunte and hauke in wodes and Ryverys.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1444 : Ilk day had þai solace sere Of huntyng and als of revere.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.413 : Ech for his vertu holden is for deere, Both heroner and faucoun for ryvere.
- c1440(a1400) Eglam.(Thrn)191 : To-morne he wolde on reuere wende Wyth his hawkis ilkane.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)3135 : He couþe of chas & of ryuere, Inow of game of here manere.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)887 : We wol..Ride to þe reuer & rer vp þe foules, Se faucouns fle.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)15036 : Yiff the fowlere..Shewede..Hys lymtwygges, hys panterys, And hys nettys by reverys, Bryddes..Ther-to wolde neuer atteyne.
- a1475 Hrl.Bk.Hawking in Studia Neoph.16 (Hrl 2340)17 : When he comyth to traueyle and is anoyde of the reuere, then he is slow for to flee.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)856 : Wyth howndys we wyll chace dere And wyth hawkes to the ryuere.
b
- (1348-9) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.9943 : In 5 Mallard domestic et 5 Mallard de Ryver et xiiij perdicibus, 4 s. 10 1/2 d.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3506 : He cuth well als o waith sere, O best o wode, o foghul riuere [Frf: fowels of riuer; Göt: foul of reuere].
- (1417) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.9955 : In 1 pertica et 1 anat. de ryver empt., 4 d.
3.
In surname.
Associated quotations
- [ (1166) in Hearne Liber N.Scac.(1728)264 : Johannes de la Riviere. ]
- (1200) CRR(2) 1324 : Willelmus de la Rivere.
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 391 : Richardus de la Ryvere.
- (1454) Will York in Sur.Soc.30173 : I, Elizabeth de la Ryver, in my trewe and lege powste, [etc.].