Middle English Dictionary Entry
rẹ̄kels n.
Entry Info
| Forms | rẹ̄kels n. Also rek(e)les, rekils, recles, rechel(e)s & rīkel(i)s, rikiles, rikkiles, richel(li)s, rikil(le, richel(le & (early) recels, rechles, rechelus & (in cpds.) rek(e)le-, recle-, (early) rechel- & (errors) reches, riches; (gen.) rechels, (early gen.) receles, rech(e)les, rechleses, (error) rchles. |
| Etymology | OE rēcels, rīcels; for forms without final -s, cp. Nhb. sg.gen. rēceles. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Incense, frankincense; ~ fat [OE recels-fæt], a vessel for incense; a censer, thurible; (b) the smoke or aroma of incense; ~ smoke; (c) med. frankincense used in ointments, etc.; bastard ~, an inferior grade of incense; flour (poudre) of ~, ~ dust; fresh ~, whit ~, a superior grade of incense.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)135 : Whanne hiss lott Wass cumenn upp to þeowwtenn, He toc hiss reclefatt onn hand & ȝede innto þe temmple.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1702 : He brennde reccless þær Swa mikell att tatt allterr, Þatt all he wass hidd wiþþ þe smec.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1736 : Tatt bisscopess reclefatt Wass an full openn takenn Off Cristess bodiȝ.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4035 : Wæs at-foren þan wæfde imaked an wunlic fur; þe king warp riches [Otho: ȝiftes] þer-in..seoððen heo þer offreden aððeles madmes.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)133 : Þe lif holie prest zacharie..gede in þe temple mid his rechel fat to rechelende þe alter.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)192/7,8 : Ibo michi ad..colles turis: Ich chulle..gan to rechleses [Nero: recheles; Cleo: rechles, alt. from rechleses; Pep: rechels] ul..lo, hwuch is þe wei to rechleses [Cleo: rchles] swotnesse?
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)192/12 : Aromaz me makeð of myrre & of rechles [Nero: reches].
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3782 : Chore wel wiste ðat Gret fier wond vt of is reclefat, And of is fere on and on, And for-brende hem ðor euericlk [read: euerilck] on.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3787 : Of ðo reklefates for wurðing Woren mad..Corunes at ðe alter of bras.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3800 : Ðan bad moyses aaron Wið hise rekelefat to ðat fir gon.
- c1350 When þat Iesus (Bod 425)46 : Þai be-soght him dounfalland..to him bede þai þore, Golde, Recles, Mirre wel more.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.97 : The tother gif that thai gaf criste Was rekelis, for..rekelis bisend his goddhede.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11499 : Wit recles [Göt: rekels; Trin-C: sense] forwit him he fell, þat agh be brint in kirc to smell; It is a gun [Göt: gum] þat cums o firr.
- a1400 Ancr.(Pep 2498)144/31 : Daton & his kynde þe erþe opened & hij fellen adoun in to helle, And Abiron & his kynde brend wiþ þe fyre þat com of her rechels Fatt.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1629 : With hir charmys..And with rytis of diuerse sacrifice, Encens and rikelis cast in-to þe fire, To schewe þinges liche to hir desyre.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)433 : Rychellys [vr. richelle]: Thus, incensum.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)446 : Schyppe, vesselle to put yn rychel [Win: rechellys]: Acerra.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)93/33 : Þe treesse of þat wodd..ware lyke lorers or Olyue treesse; And out of þam þare ran rykyles & fynnebawme.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)2567 : Wyth odoure of rychels ful suete smellyng, Beforn hym passyd aungels many oon.
- c1450(?a1400) Quatref.Love (Add 31042)154 : Þay offerde to hym..Mirre, Rekills, and Golde.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)103a : Rekyls: jncensum, olibanum.
- a1500 Qwan crist was borne (StJ-C S.54)39 : Now knele we downe..And offyr..Glod [read: Gold] soree and rekyls clere.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)992 : Þatt follkes lac wass shep & gat..& recles smec.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1456 : All all swa summ recless smec Iss swet biforenn manne, All all se iss swet biforenn Godd Þe gode mannes bene.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)112/5 : Þe lecchur..paieð wel his lauerd wið þet stinkinde breað betere þen he schulde wið eani swote rechles.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.97 : For rekeles rekes upward evin And menskis him that wonis in heuin.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)140.2 : Mi bede be righted als rekles [vr. brininge; L incensum] in þi sighte.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4977 : Boyland out of þe barke bawme & mirre, Of scence & of othire salue..Þat rase neuire of Aromatike sike rekils in erth.
c
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)75.18/2 : Ȝenim þas ylcan wyrte, for recels onælede.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.MQuad.(Hrl 6258B)12/8 : Haran heortan adriȝe & wyrc to duste, & þriddan dæl receles dustes, syle drincan..on scirum wine.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)47/24 : Nim hwyt cudu and gyngyfere and recels [L libani] and lauwinberiȝean and cost, ælces þissa emfela.
- c1325 Corp-C.388 Recipes(2) (Corp-C 388)163 : Tack wax and rechelus and stamp hem togedere..and wind aboute þin heued.
- a1400 Recipe MS Hal.in Rel.Ant.1 (Hal 335)53 : A gude oynment for kyles..and for the goute..do al this thynges to-gyder in a panne and wel tham wele and do rykels therto and wryng hit thurgh a clath in to a clene bacyn, and when hit es keled do hit in boystes.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)27a : The floures and þe levis stampid in wyne and rykkylles mengid of a plaster..swagiþ the swellynge of the balloks.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)37b : Ypocras byddith to take juis of þe leke..and þe floure of rikylle, myrr, and wyne.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)227 : Syþe do þeryn oyle of olyue, wax, & whyte Recles.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)228 : Do þeryn alycour of oyle of olyue, & ij vnces of fresche recles, maked in smal pouder, & as muche of bastard recles.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)97/8 : Take þe seed of hennebelle and leek-seed and rykyll and ley þese..on a reed-glowynge tylston..þe smoke..schall slen þe wormys.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)98/8 : Take þe seed on hennebelle and..virgine-wax and richell and make a candill þer-of.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)14/14 : Take gromeyle and..rechelys and kyrnells of chireston and stampe hym and tempere hym wyþ stale ale and drynke hit.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)22/13 : Afterward þou myȝt hele it with poudre of recheles.