Middle English Dictionary Entry
refūt(e n.
Entry Info
Forms | refūt(e n. Also refuit(e, refeut, reffut(e, reffuit, refite & (error) refuce. |
Etymology | OF refuite, refute, reffut. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Refuge, protection; relief, help, comfort; (b) cite of ~, city of refuge or sanctuary under Mosaic law [cp. cite of flight, s.v. cite n. 3.(b)]; also fig.; haven of ~, the Virgin Mary; hous of ~; place of ~, a place of safety, stronghold; also = cite of ~ [quot.: a1425, 1st]; (c) a place of refuge; a sanctuary, shelter, or stronghold; also fig.; also, the right of sanctuary; (d) a provider of assistance, protection, or comfort; a protector, helper; (e) a means or source of protection, help, or comfort; a remedy, recourse; connen (knouen) no ~, to know no remedy, no way out, nothing to do; withouten ~, without recourse or escape; (f) nourishment; also fig.
Associated quotations
a
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)93.22 : Our Lord is made to me in refut, and my God into helpe of myn hope.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.93 : Citees..schulde haue priuelege and fredom forto saue alle men þat wolde flee þerto for socour and refute.
- c1390 11 Pains(3) (Vrn)258/282 : Almihti God..may best Send ȝow sum refuit and sum rest.
- a1400 Matin Our Lady in MLN 30 (Ashm 1288)231 : Ȝeue þou to us refuyt.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.943 : Hector..stood in auenture..havynge no refute..of helpe destitute.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2485 : He stood, Praiyng..Hym to releue with cloþing or vitaile, To his refut sumwat to prouide.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4371 : Both ymeyne and Antigonee Cryden and wepte..But to her sorowes that was non refut.
- (?a1430) Hoccl.MG (Hnt HM 111)42 : Lady..In thy refuyt is al our sikirnesse.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer ABC (Benson-Robinson)33 : Almighty and al merciable queene..Evere hath myn hope of refut been in thee.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)5723 : Þai preset vp proudly..In refut of hor felowes, þat were foule mart.
- ?a1475 PParv.(Win)369 : Refuce [read: refute] or socowre: Refugium, Succursus.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.B.1667 : The soule that lieth in grete distresse In sore prison of purgatorie..loketh euer after helpe, refute, and socoure Of good praiers.
- a1500(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Stw 952(1))16696 : Grete Reffuyt and Reffuge..thow dost to alle synful men.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)370 : The henne..Called here chekyns for to haue refute vndire here wynges.
- -?-(1463) Will in Som.RS 16197 : The pouer soule..is departed from hense..and lokith after refute and comforte which shold come fro this world.
b
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)30.3 : In-to þe hous of refut, þat þou mak me sauf.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Josh.21.36 : Cite of refute, bozor.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Jer.51.30 : Þei dwelleden in placis of refute [L præsidiis].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.125 : Sychem..was a cite of refute and of socour.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.852 : Now lady bright..Thow hauen of refut, brighte sterre of day, Rewe on my child.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Deut.19.12 : Thei schulen take hym fro the place of refuyt [WB(1): place of his out fleynge; L loco effugii].
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Josh.21.27 : To the sones of Gerson..Josue ȝaf..citees of refuyt [WB(1):fliȝt], Gaulon..and Bosra.
- (1450) RParl.5.177a : If this puyssaunce come into this Reame, they may have there a place of refute and of socour.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer ABC (Benson-Robinson)14 : Haven of refut [vrr. refeut, refuyte], of quiete, and of reste..Help, lady bright!
- a1475 Asneth (Hnt EL 26.A.13)583 : Be ye to þe city of refute seven pileris in assistence.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) Ctn.(Hrl 2261)475 : Men of London..began to drede, & to seche places of refute.
c
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)103.18 : Þe ston is refut to heyrouns.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.75 : O hauene, o refut, o sauacioun Of hem that been in sorwe and in distresse Now help.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ps.103.18 : Þe heeȝe mounteynes too hertis, þe ston refute [WB(2): refutt; L refugium] to yrchownes.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.546 : To Walys fledde the cristianytee Of olde Britons..Ther was hir refut [vr. refeut].
- ?a1400 Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Petyt 511)8259 : Wote best refute [Lamb: Þer þou wenst best recet to haue, ffle now faste].
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)201/29 : Sire Iohn..went into a cherche & þere hudde him for drede; But he miȝt haue þere no refute for enchesoun þat þe cherche was enterditede þrouȝ a general sentence.
- a1425(a1349) Rolle MPass.(2) (Upps C.494)43/31 : Swete Ihesu, in temptacioun þi woundis ben best refute to vs.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1014 : Allas, that he [jealousy]..Shuld han his refut in so digne a place.
- a1425 WBible(1) (CC 145)1 Mac.10.14 : Beþsura..was to hem to refut.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.10.7 : Her is the havene stable in pesible quiete; this allone is the open refut [L asylum] to wreches.
- ?c1430(?1383) Wycl.Curse (Corp-C 296)323 : In alle Goddis lawe redde we nevere þat þeves schulden have refute in þe chirche.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)22a : When hit mishappiþ þat þe scheltrun is broken, þen haue þei no refut to renne to.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)140/19 : Ihesu Crist..is þe refute and garite to þe meke.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)3576 : Shrewes þan on happ sall suyt To my body for refuyt.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)2840 : They..wend þe saill..And hopid God above wold send hem som refute By som othir costis.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)308 : Lat vs fle þe wordle, and take refute in criste.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)72/7 : Hevene..is his furst howse, his assuraunce, and his last refvit.
d
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)9.9 : Our Lord hys made refut to þe pouer, helper in nedfulnes in tribulacioun.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 22.3 : I schal hopen in hym, Mi scheeld & þe horn of myn helþe, my rerer and my refute.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2912 : Whan þou were of helpe destitut Sche was þi counfort and singuler refut.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)375/35 : O refute & refreischinge of synneris..þou hast nede of us wrecchide creaturis.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)180/20 : Be our helpe in euere place, And be our sokore and refyte and alle our solas, Lord omnipotent.
- (?a1430) Hoccl.Ad SS (Hnt HM 744)53 : Now, holy goost..Of poore folk and in aduersitee Refuyt & help, helpe vs.
- (1449) Metham AC (Gar 141)1851 : Mayd most benygn, Synguler joy and reffute in euery necessyte, Be now my voket.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)137/8 : God..hereþ þe biddynges and þe desires of þe pore..and is here refute [Ayenb.: refu] and saueþ hem.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.918 : That good lady woll be youre speciall refute, To pray for you she woll not cease.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Lamb 633)192/10 : A wif is a perpetuall refuyt, Othir an euerlesting tormenty.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)622 : A kynge..ought to be refute and counfort to alle the hoste.
e
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.279 : Þat ymage..was refute and socour to mysdoeres.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5349 : I stonde of lif in iupartie, With-oute refut, hanginge in ballaunce.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3009 : They, allas, no refut [vr. refuge] ne konne.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3840 : Thou shalt be bounde, And faste loken in a tour, Withoute refuyt or socour.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)6464 : Alle haue at Ector dispyte, That he were ded with-oute refyte.
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)143 : Her lordes presence..was all her refute in her nede.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.3324 : Thei..Lad with hem for refut & socour..al the hool tresour.
- a1450 *Aelred Inst.(2) (Bod 423)301 : Fastynge is..in al tribulacioun a profitable refute.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)3.752 : The frute of lyffe..Is remedye and also cheve Refute To mankynde, a-gayne the fever of dethe.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)3.1745 : Thou alone art comforte synguler To al tho that noo refute konne.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.B.490 : The knyght..might make noo defence, But fille on knees before his foote; He knewe noon othir refute ne boote.
- c1475 The high Astrapotent (Hrl 2251)19 : The children of Israel, to thraldom Institute In the land of Egipte without refute..Moyses..lad them fro this subieccioun.
f
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.52 : The foode of our inward reffut, Be dilligence of these olde doctours And daili frut of ther feithful labours Han our corages fostred.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)3.1740 : Sende vs this manne of souereigne hertes hele..For our Refute and refection.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)10568 : Wiþ-oute erþe wexeþ no fruit Þat a man haþ of his refuit.