Middle English Dictionary Entry
rēal adj.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | rēal adj.(1) Also realle, reial, rieal, rial(le, riel, riol(le & (in place name) reu-; pl. real(e)s, rialx; comp. reallere, etc. & riollier; sup. realeste, etc. & rialste. |
Etymology | OF: cp. CF rëal, rial, vars. of roial & AF reial. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. roial adj.
1.
(a) Of a king, one of the royal family, his power, dignity, etc.: majestic, royal, kingly; ~ blod, blod ~ [see also blod n. 6a.(a)]; ~ estat, estat ~ [see also estat n. 11d.]; ~ romaunce, ?a romance with royal protagonists; his ~ mageste, the king; youre ~ excellence (mageste), you, the king; (b) controlled, owned, used, patronized, etc. by the king; also, constituting part of the trappings of royalty; also, indicative of a curule magistrate [quot.: Trev.Higd., 2nd]; ~ abbeie, an abbey founded by a king; ~ cite, cite ~, a capital city; also, a city owned by the king; ~ court, court ~, a king's court; also, a court attended by the frankpledges; ~ messe, ?a mass with the king present; ~ sege (sete), a throne; ~ servise, a manorial service due to the king; (c) high-born, noble; of social importance; ~ and riche, riche and ~; (d) princely in nature or behavior, magnanimous, imperious; honorable, glorious; also, joyous; (e) of certain beasts and birds: imagined to have kingly characteristics; also fig. of the duke of Bedford.
Associated quotations
a
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2143 : Þe real emperour of rome þanne redli him thonked.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Th.(Manly-Rickert)B.2038 : Do come..my mynstrales..for to tellen tales..Of romances that been reales [vr. ryal].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.2128 : The king ansuerde, it was to smal For him, which was a lord real; To yive a man so litel thing It were unworschipe in a king.
- (1397) RParl.3.379a : I..restreyned my Lord of his fredom and toke upon me, amonge other, Power Reall, trewly naght knowyng ne wytyng that tyme that I dede azeyns his Estate ne his Realte.
- (1399) RParl.3.451b : All..thoght that ther shuld be syche Juggement gifen..wyth mercy and grace of the Kyng os it longes to..his real Estate.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)905 : Arthure..is þe ryche ryal kyng of þe Rounde Table.
- (1414) RParl.4.57b : I was..delyvered out of prison..by the Kynges commaundement, in strengthyng..of his Rial prerogatif.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.455 : Al tho..wolde vs ille, For to perturbe oure noble estat rial.
- (c1422) Hoccl.Dial.(Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)274 : Rial might and eerthely magestee..Passen as dooth the shadwe of a tree.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)3089 : Þe mayden red at þai myght here, A real romance in þat place.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1830 : Swich fyn hath, lo, this Troilus..Swich fyn hath his estat real above.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)157/71 : Haile, ryal rebe, haile, crownyd quene.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)175 : Þe Romaynes whare so ryche holden, As of þe realeste blode þat reynede in erthe.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)44/7 : Me aughte noȝte to sende swylk tythynge to ȝour ryalle maiestee.
- a1450 Chaucer Anel.(Tan 346)65 : The olde Creon gan aspye how that the blode ryall was broghte adoun.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)57/22 : They resseyued me fayre..obesiound to myn askyng in alle thynge that was resonable, but it were ayen the real dignete of the Soudon.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)219/1 : Vndir þe ryallest roye of rente and renowne Now am I regent.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer Pity (Benson-Robinson)59 : Sheweth unto youre rial excellence Youre servaunt..Hys mortal harm.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)7200 : Palomydon..was..Richer of Renttes & Riollier of astate.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3314 : Vn-to ȝoure mekill maieste my modire I comande, Rodogarus þe riall.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)2.1213 : Ye cowde not sece and blyn To folwe þe steppes of youre olderis be-forn, As greyn real growen oute of her grounde.
- c1450 Page SRouen (Glb E.8)408/9 : Ye shulle se..The rialliste [vr. ryalste] prynce of Cristiante.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)264/22 : Richard, kyng of Romayns..made to be prynted to this present writyng with the seale of his ryall maieste.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)167/19 : All that is taken with riall power is well taken.
b
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)3879 : A real [F real] pauiloun he þer seye..Þat was þe soudans pauiloun.
- c1330(?c1300) Reinbrun (Auch)p.636 : In Londen held king Aþelstan A riel parlement.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1310 : Þemperour..sente..sondes..Forto riȝtleche þat reaume real.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.125 : He ȝaf to þe bisshop of Lyncolne a real citee [L regiam urbem] þat hatte Spaldynge.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.227 : Lucius Quincius..was i-take from þe plowȝ and i-made a traytour [vr. dictator; L dictatorque]; he wyped awey his swote and toke on a real gowne [L togam prætextatam].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2924 : In the liknesse of a beste Of gras schal be thi real feste.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.2209 : The vice of flaterie..was nevere yit refused As forto speke in court real.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)166a/b : Samaria..toke þat name of a toune þat was sometyme a cite rial in Israel.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)919 : Þou tellez me of Jerusalem, þe ryche ryalle, Þer Dauid dere watz dyȝt on trone.
- (1414) RParl.4.57b : The Kynges tenauntz of the Ryal Lordshipe and Tounshipe of Chestreton..holden of the tenure of anxien demeyn, of the Rial Coroune longynge to oure Sovereyn Lord the Kyng.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)11/20 : Ouȝr sauyour chese not to be born in Ierusalem nor in Rome, þat were rial cetes, but in þe town of Bedleem, þat was meche lesse of fame.
- (1425) RParl.4.270a : My said Lord of Stafford..bereth not ye armes Rialx.
- c1430 Chaucer LGW (Cmb Gg.4.27)1096 : To hire real [vr. riall] paleys she hire spedde.
- ?1435(1432) Lydg.Hen.VI Entry (Jul B.2)131 : Next..come the emperesse Fortune..with many a noble sygne And ryall toknes.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)3259 : Þis olde knyght he took..And [in] his real seege and his chaiere As blyue hym sette.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)3498 : When he to þat chirche þere come..a ryalle masse was þenne þere y-done.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.86/2 : Þey and þere men be quite for Euer fro all maner sutes..and of vywe freplegges all [read: or] courte riall.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)145/29 : I am of the ryall courte of kyng Arthure.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)31/2 : The forseyd Abbey here aftur be had fre & in the chef crowne of the kynge, as the Abbey of seynt Edmund & odyr real Abbeys [L regales abbatiae] of Englonde.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)129/19 : Annore..yaf..the londes of the bondmen, with relefis..Eschetis, and riall services..with all other rentis and thyngis which gone out..of the forsaid lond.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)177/640 : Alisaunder is..Seyland in þe se with ryal meyne.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)359/113 : Youre sete ryall in hefne apparaled is thore.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)56/19 : Þey haue ordeyned þat hir kyng onys yn þe ȝeer appere yn his real [Ashm: in kyngly] apparel byfore his poeple.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)107 : Here is the crowne and the vestementz rioall.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)115 : A mantell..he maketh euery day a knyght to hold a-fore hym..whan he holdeth courte rioall.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.125 : We sawe..the ordour digne Off hir court riall, noble and benigne.
c
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1404 : To long mater most it be to myng..þe real romayns array.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2136 : Bi-hote hoo-so hem findes..Riche to be & reale..al his liue time.
- c1390 Susan.(Vrn)29 : For he real [Hnt: rial] and riche of rentes euer þere.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)17 : The ryeall renkys of the rownnde table..chefe ware of cheualrye.
- a1450 PPl.B (Corp-O 201)14.209 : Þe ryche man so ryal [Ld: þe pore..can more..Þan ricchesse or reaute].
- ?a1450 Mem.Cred.(Tan 201)162/20 : Hym bihoueþ to sigge..wheþer he haue y be a thef for nede..oþer to make him prout and ryal.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)7/26 : Ambicyon is whan a man vsyth sleyȝtes & sotiltes to maken hym self ryche, ryal, & solempne.
- c1475 Awntyrs Arth.(Tay 9)p.12 : Alle the rialle route of the Rountabulle..schalle dee that day.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)585 : To be holde ryche and reyall I bost, I avawnt wer I xall.
d
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Th.(Manly-Rickert)B.2092 : Sire Thopas..bereth the flour Of real chiualry.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)4366 : Real [vr. Ryal] he was, he was namoore aferd..He looketh as it were a grym leoun.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4374 : Real as a prince is in his halle Leue I this Chauntecleer in his pasture.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1605 : Now was Jason a semely man..And of his lok as real [vr. Ryall] as a leoun.
- c1440(a1400) Eglam.(Thrn)171 : The knyghte he kepis no more of blysse, Now he hase getyn grant of this; He made full ryalle [Clg: good] chere.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer ABC (Benson-Robinson)144 : God..hath thee maked vicaire..Of al this world and..hath thee corowned in so rial [vr. reall] wise.
- c1450 Eglam.(Clg A.2)1057 : Þey busked hem with ryall fare [Thrn: Full cumly..þay þam bare], Armoure to schip þey bare.
- c1500 NPass.(Rwl C.86)151/80 : Þei wente and ffett hyme..With Riall and Solempne processioun.
- a1550(?a1475) Otterburn (Cleo C.4)130 : He lyghted dowyn upon hys foote and schoote hys horsse clene awaye. Every man sawe that he dyd soo, that ryall was ever in rowght.
e
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)143a/a : The Goshauk is a real foul [L auis regia] and is I-armed more wiþ boldenesse þan wiþ clawes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)148b/a : The ffaucoun hatte herodius and is a real foule.
- (?c1412) Hoccl.Bedford (Hnt HM 111)1 : Vn to the rial egles excellence I, humble Clerc..This book presente.
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)4831 : More yafe he..Goshowkis, Sperhawkys, and ryall fawcouns.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.157 : There sawe I..The riall hert, the conyng, and the ro.
2.
(a) Fit for a king, expensive, valuable, magnificent, opulent, sumptuous, lavish; (b) of a city, castle, building, armor: well constructed, fine, splendid, striking; (c) beautiful, fair; radiant; also, pleasant; of a book: excellent; (d) of a faculty, virtue, medicine, the Eucharist: powerful, dominant, controlling, sovereign; of an argument, a method: effective, flawless; (e) of a country: prosperous, fortunate; of income: plentiful.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)1519 : A real fest þai gan to hold.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)164/3480 : Þe bredale..was riale.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1953 : Alle real reueles rinkes rif bigunne.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.459 : Þan sche dwelled at Westmynstre and was i-founde as a queen by þe kynges wil; but sche werede þe heyre under þe real array [L sub regio cultu].
- c1390 Disp.Christian & J.(Vrn)224 : Siþþe was schewed hem bi Murþe and Munstralsy..Wiþ Rial Rehet.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)193 : Perlez pyȝte of ryal prys Þere moȝt mon by grace haf sene.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2036 : Þe gordel of þe grene silke..wel bisemed Vpon þat ryol red cloþe.
- c1410 Chaucer CT.ML.(Cmb Dd.4.24)B.402 : Nought trowe I the triumphe of Iulius..Was reallere [vrr. more ryall, riallere]..Than was the assemble of this blisful oost.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)9/255 : Þe pore schul be made domysmen Apon þe ryche at domysday; Let se houe þai cun onswere þen For al here ryal, reuerent aray.
- c1450(?1436) Siege Calais (Rome 1306)36 : Stately tentes anon they pight, Large, longe, and of gret hight; It was a riall rowte.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)17.15 : Whiche Chaier..was of Alle the Ryalest [F li plus biaus..et li plus riches] Sittyng..That Evere Ordeyned was.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)40 : Serue it forth for a ryal mete.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)179/38 : Þei shewed hym a riall bedde, with cloþes of gold and precious stones.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)766 : Þer come fro þe kechine Riall seruice and fine.
- c1450(c1430) Brut-1430 (Glb E.8:Kingsf.)300 : The bysshoppis stoden y-reuersid in her rialte with mitris and copis, with riall senseris sensinge hem bothe.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)3.271 : Daniel the prophete made þer a ryalle beryalle [Trev.: wonder buriel; L mausoleum regium] for kynges.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.123 : For I say..That ho is riall of his ray..light reede him folwith.
- a1500(a1400) Libeaus (Lamb 306)905 : Hir mantill was ryght ffyne, J-powderd with ermyne, Well riche and ryalle [Clg: reall].
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)182 : Hade thay vset continuely vche ȝer so that real play [Olympic games] dyspense wold haue don hom any.
- a1500 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)p.40 : Golde is a Real [L regale] gift for his grete nobletee, Be whilk yai shewed the child a king verray to be.
- a1500 Octav.(1) (Cmb Ff.2.38)164/1703 : Soche a brydale þer was there, A ryaller þer was neuer.
b
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)32/356 : A castel he siȝe, Riche & real [Ashm: ryall; Hrl: noble] & wonder heiȝe.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.55 : Londoun is a real and a riche citee vppon Temse.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)786 : A porche of þat place..watz ryal and ryche.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.2320 : We..haue..eche þing þat may to werre aveile, Stuf in our silf and ryal appareile.
- c1450(?1436) Siege Calais (Rome 1306)164 : O oonly god, in whom is all, Save Calais, the tovn riall.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2138 : The Romaynes..Rittez with raunke stele full ryalle maylez.
- ?a1450(1422) Lydg.SD (McC 182)54/2 : Þis victorius chare..was drawe with fowre white stedis þorowe the moste riall stretis of þe Cite.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)4/14 : The cyte of Niniue was solempne & ryal, so gret & so howgy þt it was of þre days Jorney wtinne.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)752 : Þere is a castelle realle, fulle riche.
- c1450 Siege Thebes (Rwl D.82)270 : Þey ful proudely lighten downe, settyng vp full many a riall pavilon.
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)16/3 : Brytayne had sum-tyme xviii nobille ryalle [Higd.(2): nowble; L nobilissimis] Citees myghtyly dyffencyd wt wallis & towris & gatis.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)148/34 : Kynges of the Pepill..delytyth in ryall Citees.
c
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)866 : Þe mayde melior ful mekly him brouȝt a ful real rose and redly it him takes.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6815 : Thei upon a dai a Cave Withinne a roche founden have, Which was real and glorious.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1082 : Aungelles wyth instrumentes of organes and pypes And rial ryngande rotes..Aboutte my Lady watz lent.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)160 : I seȝ..A crystal clyffe..Mony ryal ray con fro hit rere.
- c1400 *Higd.(1) (Tbr D.7)127a : Þer were twey noble men..wel nyȝ of on worthynes of blod, of age, & of noble & real speche [L eloquentia].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.2835 : Omer, preise hym now no more; Lat nat his pris þi rial boke difface.
- a1450 Dc.291 Lapid.(Dc 291)28 : The riall berill casteth fire ayein þe sonne.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)244 : A riall roune þou me redis, a reson of blis.
- c1450 Excellent soueraine (Dc 95)91,120 : Farewell Rubye, rial of Aray..ffarewell ryall Rose in the rys.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)156/19 : Þe vertu of chastite..is þe spirituele aray of al þe chosen spouses of þe kyng of heuen; O how rial is þis aray and semely vp on a chast soule.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)7.121 : A man brouȝhte to the duke ij ryalle [Trev.: ful faire; L pulcherrimos] knyfes.
- a1500 Peterb.Lapid.(Peterb 33)p.84 : Diadosus is a ston riall & bryȝt as berell.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)178 : Olympias..hue hyght, Rose-red was hur rode, full riall of schape.
d
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.169 : Charite..is moost rial and ground of al oþer.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)126/8 : A man..repleet boþe with þe loue and charytee of me..perceyueþ in hymsilf þe..cumpanye of manye ryale vertues.
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)96/43 : This breed is..ful of vertu and soþfastnes, a mete ryal of all manere delices & gode sauoures.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)115 : But if..rial disposicioun be had in þe seid bodily instrument of resonyng or of wil, ellis resonyng and willing mowe not be doon.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)40 : That the ije premisse..is also trewe is schewid bi a ful solempne and rial processe in the firste parti of the book.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)205/1 : Þou maist go into þe book y-callid my manuel..wherynne it is deuisid þe rialist foorme of preiyng.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)96/27 : Þanne fallys to hym a reale willy vertu [L virtus regia voluntaria] and he ressayues anoþer gouernance to fulfillen xl ȝeer.
- a1550 *Ripley CAlch.(BodeMus 63)54a : A Riall medecine..they promes them..to have.
e
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)179b/b : Þis londe is plenteuous and ful of pasture, of catell and of beestes, real and riche of beste hauens of þe see.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14111 : God had hym sent..Rych robys and ryall rent.
3.
(a) In names of foods; (b) in names of plants and herbs: puliol ~ [see also puliol n. (b)]; sauge ~, sage royal, small sage (Salvia officinalis minor).
Associated quotations
a
- (1391) Acc.Exped.Der.in Camd.n.s.5219/9,10,13 : ij lb. gobete real..iij lb. pasti real..ij lb. drage real.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)129/6 : Of þeise snayles..men maken Vyaunde Riall for the kyng & for oþer grete lordes.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)455 : Viande Riall for xl mees.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)2 : Vyand de cyprys ryalle..Mammenye ryalle..Applade Ryal..Vyaunde Ryal.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)21 : Vyaund de ciprys Ryalle.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)22 : Maumenye ryalle.
b
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)314/1032 : For ach of bones a gude oyntement: Take..reede rose flours, camamyll, sauge riall.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)182 : Tak þe rote of saxifrage, persoly..pulior [read: puliol] ryal, [etc.].
- c1475 Sln.4 Recipes in Rel.Ant.1 (Sln 4)324 : Recipe..rewe an hanfulle, pyllyole ryalle, [etc.].
4.
In misc. special senses: (a) balade ~ [cp. EMnE rhythm royal], a poem in decasyllabics with 7 or 8 line stanzas, of which the last line forms the refrain [see 1st quot.; also cp. Lydg.Friend AN & Lydg.Semblable]; (b) in a book title: ~ disposicioun, the Royal Book (Kitāb al-Makilī), a medical treatise of Hali ibn Abbas, written for the prince Adud al-Dawla; (c) ~ wei, a highway; (d) of paper: in sheets measuring 24 inches by 9; (e) sank ~ [see sank-real n. & seint-gral n.]
Associated quotations
a
- a1450 Who þat liste loke (Stw 951)40/6 : Þis litel tretice..Gower it made in frenshe..In balades ryale, whos sentence here Translated hath Quixley.
- a1456 Shirley Ashm.IE (Ashm 59)323 : Here nowe foloweþe a balade ryal made by Lydegate.
- a1456 Shirley Ashm.IE (Ashm 59)325 : Here begynneþe a Polletyk Balade ryale made by þat approbate Poete Lidegate.
b
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)34/1 : Haly Abbas, in þe firste partie in þe 3 speche of Real [L regali] Disposicioun, saiþ þat þay dyuersen in 5 þinges.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)179/17 : Haly Abbas haþ specefied ham in the fourþe sermone of þe Real Disposicioun.
c
- a1450 Dc.291 Lapid.(Dc 291)19 : He that bereth þis stone shal..þe more loue to loke to the heuenly Ryal weye.
d
- (1391) Acc.Exped.Der.in Camd.n.s.528/16 : Pro j quaterno papiri ryal, xij d.
- (1393) Plea & Mem.R.Lond.Gildh.205 : [40] quaiers [of paper] real [and other paper, 16 s. 8 d.].
5.
In place names [see Smith PNElem.2.87].
Associated quotations
- (1289) EPNSoc.23 (Oxf.)22 : Rewley.
- (1300) EPNSoc.46 (Ches.)179 : Vau Real.
- (1334) EPNSoc.46 (Ches.)179 : Valeryall.
- (1340) EPNSoc.46 (Ches.)179 : Valreale.
- (1348) EPNSoc.46 (Ches.)179 : Vauriale.
- (1351) EPNSoc.46 (Ches.)179 : Val Real.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)70/11 : Estward out of the..lond of promyssioun is a strong castell..in an hill..Þat castell let make kyng Baldwyn..And for þat cause was it clept the Mownt riall [Man.(2): Mount Real].
- (1430) EPNSoc.46 (Ches.)179 : Vaurialle.