Middle English Dictionary Entry
quest(e n.
Entry Info
Forms | quest(e n. Also qwhest, quext & (N) whest. |
Etymology | OF queste & ML questa. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) A judicial inquiry, an inquest, a trial; (b) fals (ivel, wrongful) ~, an inquest initiated without valid cause or resulting in an unjust verdict; (c) comen in (on) ~, gon on (upon) ~, to attend or participate in an inquest; taken ~, undertake to be a member of a jury; taken ~ of, hold a trial or an inquiry regarding (sth.); try (sb.); gangen ~ on, hold a trial of (sb.); (d) ~ of knights, a trial by combat.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2878 : Ther mai no trewe querele arise In thilke queste and thilke assise, Where as thei tuo the poeple enforme.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.328 : Som þorgh quest [F par enquest] þei demed be bonden in prisons.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)20.161 : Her syre was a sysour þat neure swore treuthe, One Thomme Two-tonge, ateynte at vch a queste [vrr. qwestis; enqueste].
- c1400 Who-so loueth endeles (Sim)65 : Men in questus seyn ofte a-mys And stoppen quereles o trewe & clere.
- a1425 Alle þt thenke (LdMisc 463)p.203 : In a quest if he beo, Þat a man shal dampned beo Falseliche, wiþ oute gilt..Þat man wile dampne him for mede.
- a1450(?c1430) Lydg.DM(1) (Hnt EL 26.A.13)482 : Maister ioroure whiche that atte assise And atte shires questes doste embrace..lete see, with thi teynte face, To-fore the Juge howe thow cannest the quyte.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.6150 : Plederes..for lucre & meede Meyntene quarelis & questis doon enbrace.
- (?1449) Paston1.234 : Wymdam hath medyd þe jvryorys and ȝaf hem mony þat xuld passe on þe qwhest be-twyn ȝowr modyr and hym.
- a1450 Who þat wole knowe (Dgb 102)179 : Queste is religeon, trouþe to trete; Ȝeueþ eche man þat his shulde be.
- ?a1450 Mem.Cred.(Tan 201)42/6 : Specialliche here is for bode for-sweryng vpon the boke as in questus and in assisus.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)12/34 : In þis vice fallyn all þo bodyly þt ben mordereris of men priuely or opynly..be fals apelyng or be fals witnes in questis.
- (1465-6) Acc.Howard in RC 57434 : Also this day toke to my mastyr viij d. for the quest of Warmott.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)326/1604 : Mede doth most in every qwest.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)638 : I vse jerowry, Enbrace questys of perjury..And take large yeftys.
b
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)12.22 : He is reuerenced and robed þat can robbe þe peuple Þorw fallas and false questes and þorw fykel speche.
- ?c1430 Wycl.PPPriests (Corp-C 296)278 : Falsse witnesse..þat forsweren hem for coueitise..ben opynly ponyschid..for ellis schal no man meyntene his heritage, goodis, or lif for multitude of false questis.
- a1450(a1400) Medit.Pass.(2) (Add 11307)477 : A wrangful quest ful of falsnesse Aȝeynes riȝt bereth fals witnesse.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)238/30 : Som þei take with maistry, som by plee and fals questes.
- c1450 How GMan(2) (Lamb 853)50 : Sonne, as fer as þou may lere, On yvel qwestis þou not comme.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)387 : When the Iustice was comyn, he ordeyned a false queste, and made hym to be hangede on the galowes.
c
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)5506 : Alle þat þey take now to frest, Þerof shal God take a quest.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)8913 : Ne quest take of endytement yn holy cherche, oþer ȝerde purseynt.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.172 : A quest þan wild he take of þe monke þat bare þe coroune.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.238 : Of clippers, of roungers, of suilk takes he questis.
- c1400 PPl.C (Vsp B.16)14.85 : Questes [Hnt: þe mendinans..þe lawe ȝeueþ leue..none tythes to tythen..Ne in enquestes to come].
- c1400 Wycl.Dominion (Dub 244)290 : Falce wytnesse þat, gone on a quest, gabben in here witnessis..maken þe iuge erre and pupplische a sentence contrarie to trewþe.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)4294 : Sen þou grantes þi werkes wrang, It nedes no quest on þe to gang.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.3 TDWorld (Corp-C 296)182 : Ȝif þer be a trewe man in a contre, he schal not come on his queste ȝif he may deuoyde hym.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)101/17 : Þus man shuld ransake vp all is liff, ȝiff he haue owȝte forfett aȝeyns God and is owne sowle..by vntrewe mesures, weyȝthes, and fals mettes, by exstorcion, raveyn of fals iures þat goyn on questes and day holdynges.
- c1450 How GMan(2) (Lamb 853)54 : Þou were betere be deef and dombe Þan falseli go upon a qweste.
- c1450(?a1400) Chestre Launfal (Clg A.2)789 : All þey seyde..Þat knewe þe maners of þe Quene, And þe queste toke, Þe Quene bar los of swych a word Þat sche louede lemmannes without her lord.
d
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)925 : She shalle eyther to deth hyr yeld Or putte hyr on a queste of knightis.
1b.
In cpds. & combs.: (a) ~ ditour, one who initiates an inquest, an accuser, a plaintiff; ~ ganger, one who attends or participates in an inquest or a trial; (b) ~ mongere, one who profits from an inquest or a trial, esp. by initiating an unjust action or giving false evidence or a false verdict for pay; ~ monging, profiting from an inquest; (c) ~ man, someone who investigates and testifies in connection with a judicial proceeding; an officer of the court; a juryman; ?also, a churchwarden's assistant [see OD Questman n.].
Associated quotations
a
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)244/24 : All fals endytars, Quest-gangars and Iurars, And thise out-rydars Ar welcom to me.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)373/185 : Thise rolles Ar of bakbytars, And fals quest-dytars.
b
- (1389) Lond.Gild Ret.in Bk.Lond.E.(PRO C 47/var.)43/75 : Also is ordeined þat if any brother or soster, after þat he be receyued in to þis Fraternite, by-come of euel fame oþer of euel name, as thef or comune barettour or comune questmonger or meyntenour of quereles, or be atteint of any falshede, þat anon he be put out of þe fraternite.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.797 : Ware yow questemongeres and notaries; Certes, for fals witnessyng was Susanna in ful greet sorwe and peyne, and many another mo.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)19.367 : Thanne alkyn crystene..Repenteden..saue..Lyeres and questmongeres þat were forsworen ofte.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)113/9 : Who..mediþ þise iullars þat ben þe sones of Belial & fals questmongars?
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)132/30 : In þis chirche ben vsureris, okureris, iourours, iullars, questmongars, & alle false witnesse berars.
- a1425 Form Conf.(1) (Add 37787)127 : Also I cri god merci of fals witnes bering, sleyng my euen cristen..in quest mongyng, lesing her londe & catel þrouh me.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)540 : Thei schulden haue lyued..as..gileful, crafti men, or iurouris and questmongers or pleders for mony (thouȝ the causis of plee be wrong).
- ?a1450(?c1400) Wycl.LFCatech.(Lamb 408)55/855 : Who brekys þe eyȝten maundement: lyers, gloseris, and fals qwestmongeris..For þey sellyn þe trewthe.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)35/29 : Þe þridde ben þes fals witnesses and fals questmongers; þilke it beþ þat bynemeþ men here heritages, and doþ many oþere wronges..and al doþ þei þat for gret couetise.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)103/8 : Þou hast þus dismembred Crist..and ofte tymes falsely forsworne, as fals questemongegers [read: questemongers] be þat for wynnynge of a litell moneye oþur for loue or hatred or for drede puttes vp false verdittys and will not sey þe trouthe, but selles trouthe.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)174/17 : Þise false questemongers þat, for a litill money or els for a good dyner, will saue a theffe and dampne a trewe man.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)1.299 : Flee the Counceill of a man covetous, ffor..Questmongers..he doith enbrace.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.253 : Þei hopyn alwey to ben sauyd periurie and falshed of questemongeris, þat for litil good wiln forsweryn hem.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)205/25 : All fals indydytars [read: indytars],Quest mangers, and Iurers And all thise fals out rydars Ar welcom to my sight.
c
- a1450 And þerfor (Cmb Dd.1.1:Heffernan)54 : Ȝe questen, loke ȝe be not wroth.
- a1450 And þerfor (Cmb Dd.1.1:Heffernan)120, 124 : Knowe ȝe þo questmen þat wile don eny cost, To make asseth of þo þingis þat þorw hem ben lost? .. Know ȝe þo questmen þat wil sey..Þat þei damnid eny trewe man falsli to ded?
- a1450 And þerfor (Cmb Dd.1.1:Heffernan)144 : Ȝe questmen þat gon vpon questis .. Loke þat ȝe swere truli & trewe tale telle.
- a1450 And þerfor (Cmb Dd.1.1:Heffernan)164 : Þe questmen .. vnto pilate lowde þei cride .. And seyde þat crist was worthi To ben don to þe deth.
- (1454) in Gardner Hist.Dunwich (1754) [OD col.]149 : To the Quest Men for the Ton, 12 d.
2.
(a) The body of persons serving at an inquest or a trial; a jury; also fig.; (b) a member of a jury.
Associated quotations
a
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)786 : The fals knight his broþer..was fast about..to hyre þe quest to hangen his broþer.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)871 : Þe twelue sisours þat weren of þe queste..schul ben hanged þis day.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)243 : He chesed a quest on him to pas, and by þaire law þai sware.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)261 : Þis quest, stedfast als stele, said to þase oþer twelue: 'we er Iews..born frely as ȝowreselue.'
- (1426) Paston2.506 : Þe sayd Walter schuld noght be damaged ine his body ne hys goodes, qwatsum-euer þe qwest sayd.
- (1433) ?Phillip Serm.GF (BodLTh d.1)251 : Duodena fuerunt xij pene quas sustinuit quas nuncquam alias potuit evadere quin morietur..Þis was a dredefull queste.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)420 : Queste: Duodena.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)129/3 : Also a balye, þat may areste a theef & letyth hym scape for mede; or iustyse, or quest, or he þat procuryth to saue a theef..ȝif þei do it for avauntage, þei arn assentyng to þe thefte.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)257/11 : Þou schalt..aftyrward be pourgyd out wyth a quest of clerkys, þat is, wyth prayers of prestys & wyth suffragys of all holy cherche.
- ?c1450 Brut-1447 (Trin-C O.9.1)479/29 : The questes were charged at Westminster of knyghtes and Squyers to brynge in their verdite.
- c1453(c1437) Brut-1436 (Hrl 53)548/11 : That same yere Sir William Sawtre, preest, was brent in Smythfeld for eresy, and..Sir Richard Clidrowe quytte by a quest of men of London.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)192 : This say the Kyng and mad a qwest for to be assigned; and thei, dredyng more the Kyng than God, endited the bischop of alle thoo poyntes in whech he was accused.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)108/21 : By ordynaunce of the queene there was sette a queste of ladyes uppon sir Gawayne.
- (1472) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8523 : Yes er ye Artecles yt ye whest fendes yam greweid.
- (1474) Doc.in HMC Rep.5 App.494 : Payede to William, the Maires manne, for a gawnde of wyne whan the sayd queste delyvered up ther verdytt, 8 d.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.2714 : But for money..A man shall fynde an hoole quest of twelff.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)643 : By þe cause neuer so try, I preue yt fals, I swere, I lye, Wyth a quest of myn affye.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.253 : Euery cause must ben endiȝt be witnessis or be questis whyche arn sworn to seyn þe trewþe.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.344 : Ȝif he be vngyltlyche slayn be fals doom of þe iuge or be a fals quest or be hem þat mysenformyn þe quest, þey slen hym & nout þe offycer.
b
- (?1474) Stonor1.145 : Item, for þe questes and dyner, vj s. viij d.
3.
(a) A body of inquisitors or its verdict; (b) a judgment, decree.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325 SLeg.Pilate (Corp-C 145)206 : Hii were vp him so vaste þat me ne miȝte mid no lawe, Whanne þe queste passede, bote he were ibrouȝt of dawe.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)840 : Þe quest is oute on me, þat i schulde honge.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)257/2 : Ȝerne, er þis quest come in aȝens þe, a-forn þe iustyse, þe preest, ȝyue þe to þi salarye.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.240 : For ȝif þe quest come yn of þe ten comandementis whyche þu hast brokyn & of þe two preceptis of charite aȝenys whyche þu hast offendit and of þe twelue articulys of þe feith aȝenys whiche þu hast erryd & of þe seuene dedys of mercy whyche þu hast nout fulfyld and of þin fyue wittys whych þu hast mysspent and þe four cardinal vertuys aȝenys whiche þu hast trespasyd, þis solempne quest of fourty trewe witnessis schul dampnyn þe as a manquellere of þin owyn soule.
b
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)39 : Fyn [read: Syn] I am put to a poynt þat pouerte hatte, I schal me poruay pacyence and play me with boþe; Fir in þe tyxte þere þyse two arn in teme layde, Hit arn fettled in on forme, þe forme and þe laste, And by quest of her quoyntyse enquylen on mede.
4.
(a) A search; (b) a knightly quest or enterprise; the quest for the Holy Grail; ~ of, a pursuit of or search for (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- ?c1335 Swet ihc hend (Hrl 913)p.83 : Est and west schal be þi qwest; Ne miȝt þou noþing blench.
b
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)109/4 : 'I may nat tarry,' seyde sir Torre, 'for I am in a queste that I muste nedys folow.'
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)814/17 : I am in the queste to syke sir Launcelot du Lake.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)956/1 : That sholde be hys instede of hys sherte tylle he had fulfilled the queste of the Sankegreall.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)966/20 : They supposed that he was one of the knyghtes of the Rounde Table that was in the queste of the Sankgreall.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1045/12 : Sir Launcelot..forgate the promyse and the perfeccion that he made in the queste.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)503 : Thei entred in to many questes for to knowe whiche was the beste knyght, and serched many a londe and many a contrey..Thei entred in to a quest, hym to seche a yere and a day.
5.
A request, an application.
Associated quotations
- (1454) Doc.in Gilbert Cal.Dublin 1281 : Gyf hit so be that eny maner of man of the said cite..wyll make eny quext or brochagh to resette, favore, or mayntene eny of this forsaid Iryssh blode, [etc.].
6.
Hunt. (a) A searching after game; the searching of the hounds for the game; also fig.; (b) the baying of the hounds; callen of a ~, of hounds: to bark in a particular manner upon scenting or sighting the quarry, give tongue; (c) in pl.: the varied voices of a choir [during the Middle Ages the baying of hounds was considered pleasant].
Associated quotations
a
- ?c1335 Sith Gabriell gan (Hrl 913)p.162 : To yrismen he was fo..For whan hi wend best In wildernis hab rest..Þan he wold driue a quest Anon to har nest, In stid þer hi wold be.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)6 : Erly in the dawnyng of the day he mvst be vp for to go his quest, that in Englissh is called serchyng.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)73 : Thane shuld his grome lede his lymer in quest after hym.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)86 : This word quest for þe hert is a terme of hunters of biyonde the see, and it is to mene whan a man gooþ to fynde of a deere and to harborow hym, and it is a faire terme and a shorter saide þan oure terme of Ingelond to my semyng.
- a1500 Awntyrs Arth.(Dc 324)49 : Withe gret questes and quelles, Bothe in frethes and felles, Alle the durere in þe delles, þei durkene and dare.
b
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1150 : At þe fyrst quethe of þe quest, quaked þe wylde.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1421 : Sone þay calle of a quest in a ker syde.
c
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)133 : Þe prelate..Manerly wyt his ministres þe masse..begynnes Of Spiritus Domini for His spede on sutile wise, Wyt queme questis of þe quere wyt ful quaynt notes.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Quots. added and gloss expanded under sense 1b.(c).