Middle English Dictionary Entry
quāken v.
Entry Info
Forms | quāken v. Also quak(e, quaki(e, quac, quacken, quaque, qwhake & whake(n, waken, wacen & (early) quaquie, cwakie(n, hwakien, cwakien, quakien & (error) qaien. Forms: sg.3 quāketh, etc. & quākiȝeth & (early) cwā̆ced; pl. quāk(i)eth & (early) cwā̆ciath, cwā̆kieð; ppl. quāking(e, etc. & (error) quakyg; p. quāked(e, etc. & quāquide, quāquit, kwākede & (early) cwā̆kede & quọ̄k(e, quọ̄c, quọ̄ck(e, quọ̄qe, quhọ̄ke, kọ̄ke & whọ̄ke & (errors) quoked, quake; pl. quākeden, etc. & quọ̄ken, quọ̄kn; p.ppl. quāked. |
Etymology | OE cwacian, cwacode. P. quọ̄k(e, etc., were formed in ME by anal. with drāuen/drọ̄, fāren/fọ̄r, shāken/shọ̄c, tāken/tọ̄k, etc. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) To tremble or shudder because of strong emotion, esp. fear, apprehension, or anger; -- also refl.; ~ togeder, transl. of L contremiscere; ~ and dideren (shaken), chiveren (tremlen) and ~; (b) ~ for (of, with), to tremble for (fear, sorrow, anger, etc.); (c) don (geren, maken) ~, to cause (sb.) to shake because of fear; (d) to shake with fear (to do sth.); ~ ayen(es, tremble with fear in anticipation of or before (God's judgment or wrath); ~ biforen, quake in fear or joy before (Christ, the Trinity); ~ for, shake with fear because of (sb. or sth.); ~ of, tremble because of (sth.); ~ in presence, tremble with fear in the presence (of sb.); (e) ppl. quakinge as adj.: trembling with fear; also fig.; quakinge for (in), shaking for (fear); as noun: a person quaking with fear; (f) in phrases: ~ ech bon (lim), ~ bodi and berd, ~ hond fot and berd, ~ on ech lim (in eueri membre), etc., ~ in (with) flesh, to tremble throughout the body because of fear, etc.; ~ in speche, hesitate in speech, stammer.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)239 : Þanne þe angles cwaciað and to richtwise ham adredeð, wat sceol se senfulle don.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14016 : Þa gon ich i-wakien, swiðe ich gon to quakien [Otho: to cwakie].
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)19/201 : Þe rawen rahten of luue þurh euch lið of his limes & inwið bearnde of brune swa & cwakede, as of calde.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)63/1 : Ȝef þet ha þencheð wel o þe dom of domesdei, þer þe engles schule cwakien..lihtliche nule ha nawt folhi flesches licunge.
- a1275 *Body & S.(4) (Trin-C B.14.39)90 : Foure sulen stonden and blauuen, þat al þis werld sal quaken [vrr. qaien, quaque].
- a1275 *Body & S.(4) (Trin-C B.14.39)98 : Þe angeles sulen quaquie, þat crist sop mid is honde, And te tulue aposteles..And is leue moder.
- c1300 SLeg.Devil Serv.(Hrl 2277)31 : Þo gan he quakie & schake more.
- ?c1335 Þe grace of ihu (Hrl 913)75 : Þe fifte tokning þat sal befal, Þat allirkin maner beste Wel sore hi sul quak wiþ al, Wil þat ilk dai sal lest.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)575 : His ax, þo he to him com, so grisliche he ssoc & vaste, Þat þe king kwakede & is men, so sore hii were agaste.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)69/1367 : Brademond quakede at þe bord & seide, 'Þat is Beues.'
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)780 : Wold he..sike ful mani siþe, and sum time quake, swiche drede & dol drouȝ to his hert, lest he ne schold neuer in world winne þat he ȝerned.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Job 26.11 : Þe pileeris of heuene togidere quaken [WB(2): tremblen; Gloss.: that is, aungels that mynystren ether rulen the styringis of heuene doen reuerence to God; L contremiscunt] & dreden at his bek.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)19633 : Saul him quok [Phys-E: quoke] sua was he rad, For-glopind in his mod all madd.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1150 : At þe fyrst quethe of þe quest, quaked þe wylde; Der drof in þe dale doted for drede.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416:Everett)171/20 : Þou leuest þat þer is o God..And þe deuel leueþ þat þer is o God and quakeþ.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.302 : Beth naught agast, ne quaketh [vr. quake] naught! Wherto? Ne chaungeth naught for fere so youre hewe!
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)523 : Whakyn, or qvakyn: Tremo.
- a1450(a1400) Medit.Pass.(2) (Add 11307)1425 : Writ hou whan þe croys was broȝt..Ihesu began to chyuere and quake.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)2.444 : For of my selfe for to vndirtake To speke or wryte in so devoute matier, Lytyll wondir though I tremble and quake And chaunge bothe countenans and chere.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)5770 : He began to whake and didir And of his lyf haue drede.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)190/33 : When he was nye hem, he sorowyd and gnastyd with his teth and quoke and ne durste noȝt come no nerre hem.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)144/422 : And aye I quoked [vr. quocke] when hee so whewted, I durst not hede wher that yt was.
b
- a1300(c1250) Floris (Vit D.3)379 : Þe Amirayl quakede for angys þe [read: þer] a stod.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)448 : Þe aungeles al-so echon shulleþ quake ffor drede.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3394 : On a wal this kyng hise eyen caste And say an hand armlees that wroot ful faste, For feere of which he quook and siked soore.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)20.199 : Deth drowgh niegh me, for drede gan I quake.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4772 : Þe kyng of Perce..ofte syþer [read: syþes] of sodeyn Ire he quoke.
- (c1422) Hoccl.JWife (Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)354 : The Contesse..sy the bloody knyf in hire hond nakid, And for the fere shee tremblid and qwook.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.3.125 : Yif he be distempre and quakith for ire, men schal wene that he bereth the corage of a lyoun.
- a1450 SLeg.Geo.(2) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)34/99 : Þis fowll dragon þen Begane to..ryse vp of hys den. Þe maydyn whoke for ferde.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14677 : Iob þen for bale be gan to qwake, swylk angers in his hert had he.
- a1456 Heyle goddes moder (Ashm 59)12 : Þou sykest and qwakst with smert.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)898 : Wen they be on þe pyttys brynke, Than xall þey trymbull and qwake for drede.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)200/181 : I tremyll and I whake for drede.
- a1605(c1422) Hoccl.Compl.(Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)151 : My sprites laboryd bysyly to peinte countinaunce..for that men spake of me so wonderingly, and for the very shame and fere I qwoke [vr. qwook].
c
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.7099 : Þis ferþe boke, þat I haue compiled With humble hond, of fer þat doth me quake, Vn-to ȝoure grace holy I betake.
- (?a1430) Hoccl.MG (Hnt HM 111)54 : His precious deeth made the feendes qwake.
- a1450(1411) Many man (Dgb 102)189 : Man..I may..At domesday do ȝow alle quake, Whan ȝoure owen werkis wole ȝow apele.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)46/202 : The shynyng of youre bright blayde, It gars me quake for ferde to dee.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)11606 : Alle þe deuels þat in helle are, He shal make quake and eke her care.
d
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)22/13 : Godd..hwas wreadðe is se gromful þet helle ware & heouenes & alle cwike þinges cwakieð þer-aȝeines..help me.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)18054 : For quen i word herd þat he badd, I quok [Göt: quock] for him, sua wex i radd.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3025 : Whi be ȝe so dismaied..For þe wordis of þis Elenus, Ferful for drede as a litel mows, Þat he quaketh to here speke of fiȝt.
- a1425 There is no creatour (Wht)59 : Agayn þi doom we crye and qwake.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)2148 : The deuele qwook in þis mannes presens.
- c1440 Treat.Prayer (Thrn)297 : Þay þat walde fayne lufe godd one this wyse, thayme by-houede..at þay..before þe haly trinyte tremble and qwake.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)23181 : So sore they bersten jnto that pres, that alle the hethene..Trembleden for drede and qwokyn sore, For the prowesses that they seyen thore.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)62/182 : Bot thay shall in thare flesh ryse, That euery man shall whake and gryse Agans that ilk dome.
e
- c1300 SLeg.Devil Serv.(Hrl 2277)32 : & Þo non oþer red nas, Quakinge bifore al þat folc, he tolde what he was.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.358 : Wondrynge vpon this word, quakyng [vr. whakeinge] for drede, She seyde, 'lord, vndigne and vnworthy I am to thilke honour.'
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24881 : Þis angel to þaa quakand [Frf: wacande; Göt: wakand] kidd, And þus to þaim his erand did.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6792 : Certis, ȝe ben gretly for to blame..To slen a maide, quakyng in her drede.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3963 : He was for drede in sich affray, That not a word durste he say, But quakyng stod full still aloon.
- c1450(a1449) Lydg.Prayer Thos.(2) (Tan 110)113 : Quakynge for fere, goo forth, litle Table.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)19.45 : Sore tremeling & qwakyng than, To sire Nasciens bed Anon sche Ran.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)46/5 : Adam ansuerd al quaking and seid, 'Here I am hidde, Lord, for fere of you.'
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)51/3 : Then Iohn sayden to Cryst, qwakyng and tremblyng for fere, 'Lord..ȝe haue no nede to be folowed of me.'
f
- a1275 *St.Marg.(2) (Trin-C B.14.39)174 : Meiden Maregrete..sei a foul dragun..ho fel to þen erþe ant quakede [vr. schok] uich bon.
- c1390(?c1350) SVrn.Leg.(Vrn)58/1020 : Þe duyk wox þenne swiþe sore aferd And qwok, hond, foot, and berd.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15759 : Iudas on ilk lim he quok.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17835 : Quen karius and lintheus War coniurd o þaa Iuus þus, Wit al þair flesche þai quok on-nan.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.1649 : Duk Nestor..Fret with colre..was..Whiche for Ire so sore made hym smert, Þat he gan quake in euery Ioint & veyne.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.926 : With that word, he gan to waxen red, And in his speche a litel wight he quok.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4110 : For certeynly in every membre I quake [F Me fremissent] whanne I me remembre Of the botoun.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)28/34 : Þe creatur stod stylle, tremelyng & whakyng ful sor in hir flesch.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)1713 : Þe soudan quakede body and berd For dedys dowte.
1b.
(a) Of the body or hand: to tremble for fear, distress, etc.; ~ for (of), of the body, an extremity, or the lips: tremble or quiver for (fear, etc.); -- sometimes with dative denoting possession; ppl. quakinge as adj., of the hand: trembling; (b) of the heart: to pound because of fear; ~ for (of, with), throb for (fear, etc.); ppl. quakinge as adj., of the heart or pulse: pounding for fear, etc.; (c) of one's bowels or loins: to be stirred by fear, etc.; of one's spirits: be roused by distress; (d) of one's breath: to come in gasps or pants because of distress; of a voice: quaver for fear.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Cmb Gg.1.1)172 : La char par hidour en hom firmist [glossed:] quakes [vr. quaket].
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)4253 : Þo þe kinges yherd þis, In her hertes nas no blis; Al her flesche bigan to quake, So þe feuer hem had ytake.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.258 : This scharpe swerd to hire he tok, Wherof that al hire bodi qwok.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12837 : Quen Ihon him [Jesus] sagh..For drednes ilk lim him quok.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)223/15 : My flesshe quakeþ for drede of deþ.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.4427 : Here an ende of þe first book I make with quakyng hond now for drede, Only for fer of ȝow þat schal it rede.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.256 : Swich a tremour fele aboute his herte, That of the fere his body sholde quake.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)124/24 : Hir flesch tremelyd & whakyd wondirly, þat sche was fayn to puttyn hir handys vndyr hir cloþis, þat it schulde not ben aspyed.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.3495 : Iohn Bochas..compleyneth of pite, With quakyg [read: quakyng] hand whan he..gan to write the woful destyne..of queen Arsynoe.
- a1450(a1400) Medit.Pass.(2) (Add 11307)1913 : Writ þe kynges lippes to,Whan he toward his deþ gan go, ffor drede hou þei gonne to quake.
- c1450(?a1405) Lydg.CBK (Frf 16)181 : Helpe in this nede, Thou woful Mirre, that felist my hert blede Of pitouse wo and my honde eke quake, When that I write for this mannys sake.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.31.19a : Þis lufe filliþ ful þe miȝtes of mi sowle..Neuerþeles hit is so miȝti wiþinnen þat hit semiþ oute in to þe bodi and doþ al þe bodi quake and tremble.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)262/912 : My flesch qwakyth sore for fere and peyn.
b
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.860 : But whan she seigh the grisly rokkes blake, For verray fere so wolde hir herte quake, That on hir feet she myghte hir noght sustene.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)28b/a : Also drede makeþ þe puls swift, inordinat, and quakinge, & so doþ sorwe and so of oþir passiouns.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.4941 : She..at his fete fil doun, Lowly declarynge hir avisioun, With quakynge herte of verray wommanhede.
- a1425 WBible(1) (CmbAdd 6681)1 Kings 28.5 : Quakide [Bod 959: Saul sawȝ þe tentis of philisteis & dradde, & his herte quauyde ful myche].
- a1450(a1400) Medit.Pass.(2) (Add 11307)1502 : His body was beton and gan to blede; His herte colded and quok for drede.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)15.265 : Thanne Answerid I with herte qwakynge.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)161/4794 : When..that y wel had lokid on hir face, Myn hert in me, hit quoke for verry shame, For wel y wiste þat venus then hit was.
- c1460 Chaucer TC (Hrl 1239)5.256 : Therwythalle hys body shulde sterte..And swych a tremour falle aboute his herte, That wyth the drede his hert shulde quake.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)368/354 : Myn herte gynnyth ogyl and quake for fer.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)2631 : But my hert quakith, my hond is tremeling, when I write of this most selcowth þing.
c
- a1300 Leuedi sainte (Add 27909)16 : He mot spakie to donde sunne awei fram him..ȝif him ne schal, hwanne he forð-want, his brei-gurdel quakie.
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)40 : For anoon as we herde of hir þe name of crist..alle oure bowels quaked, oure hertes trembbled, and alle þe wyttes of oure body were astonyed.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)742/10 : Also many as ete of þise Messes were ded; Whan þe Emperour herde of þis, Alle þe spirites in his body be-gan to quake.
d
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.93 : In chaunged vois, right for his verray drede, Which vois ek quook, and therto his manere Goodly abaist..unto Criseyde..the alderfirste word that hym asterte Was, twyes, 'Mercy, mercy.'
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)9068 : Her hert so gretely was of the syght Of hym dystraught, that as a lefe Wyth wynde yshake, so quoke [vr. quake] her breth.!
2a.
(a) To shake because of illness or a physical infirmity, a wound, etc.; of the heart: palpitate; ~ for (in, with), shake with (sickness, etc.); (b) ppl. quakinge as adj.: trembling because of age, illness, etc.; of the body or an extremity: tremulous; of a voice: quavering; quakinge for, tremulous with (age, weakness); quakinge in, shaking in (pain).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)32b/b : Also it lettiþ willeful meuynge oþir distroieþ al in fere, as in hem þat shaken and quaken and hauen þe palesy.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3566 : Quen þat sua bicums ald..þe heued biginnes for to scak, His hend vnquemli for to quak.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5196 : Israel wit þis vplepp, þat moght noght forwit strid a step..þat quak wit ilk lim [Frf: quake ilka lime] was won.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)198/26 : If his herte quake [L tremor cordis accideret], þan ȝeue him tiriaca maior wiþ a litil musco ouþer hoot wijn.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)166 : Hit confermyth and stablyssheþ hem þat quaken [vr. whaken] for þe palesye or paralysye.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)193 : The porter..foryat nouht to smyte me. Swich a strok he yaf me that he made me quaake.
- a1475 *Hrl.Diseases Hawk A (Hrl 2340)30b : To knowe þe colde crampe..loke yf it be in þe lege or in the wyng..sche wyll qwhake þer with all.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)85a/b : Whanne þe akynge lastiþ longe, þe pacient schal sweten, and oþirwhile hise extremitees bigynnen to quaken.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)120a/a : Forþermore, auicenne seiþ þat man þat brakiþ or ȝoxiþ of a wounde maad in depnesse of þe brest, & þerwiþ þe herte quakiþ..þat he schal die wiþouten recouere of medicyn.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)29/22 : Scho..cursed hom all, And anon þerwyth fell vengeans apon hom, so þat þe membrys of hom qwoken.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)3637 : If þe hete þe colde ouer go, And þe drie þe weet also, Þe body begynneþ forto quake.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)48b/a : An euen, clere & stronge, byndinge, & plyaunt voys..is good..Þe contrarye is a quakynge [L tremula] voys, hoos & rouȝ, febil & discordinge.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)8/11 : A surgian muste haue handis weel schape, longe, smale fyngris, and his body not quakynge.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)13/12 : It byhoueþ a leche to be..of hole vnderstondyng, wiþ gode schappe, as þus, þat he haue smale fyngres, stable handes, noght quakynge [*Ch.(1): tremblyng; L tremulas].
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.479 : First to mynde cam the progenitours Off al mankynde..Quakyng for age and for lak off myht.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)9.1462 : He was..rent out of that tour, Spoilled cruelli..Stood al nakid quakyng in his peyne.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)532/6 : So hym happynd a hevynes of his bodie & fell seke..And..þuf all he war gretelie turment & whakand, he was compellid to vttyr.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)57a/b : A surgian muste haue handis wel y-schapen..and his body not quakynge.
2b.
To tremble with cold; tremble from violent activity [quots.: Glo.Chron.B & a1449]; tremble from demoniac possession [quot.: 1440]; flinch from heat [quot.: c1325]; of the eyes: blink at brilliant light [quot.: a1398]; maken ~, of cold: cause (sb.) to shiver; ppl. quakinge as adj.: shivering with cold.
Associated quotations
- c1300 SLeg.Patr.(LdMisc 108)335 : A norþerne wind faste blevȝ..Euere þare seten gostes, and a-ȝein þe winde heom wende, heo quakeden [Jul: quakeþe] and chyuereden faste.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6896 : Lat nime foure yrene ssares..al a fure..ȝif heo it mai dure..to steppe vp echon..bareuot..ac ȝif heo quakieþ out..Holdeþ hom gulti of þe dede.
- 1372 Leorne to loue (Adv 18.7.21)3 : On al my limes þu mith i-se Hou sore þei quaken for colde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)200a/a : Excolericos is a litel stoon..and it is ful light and makeþ mennes yȝen þat loken þeronne to quake.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.46 : Ac þe carful may criȝen ..& for chele quakiþ.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.607 : Cupides brond hath hym markid so For loue of hir, þat in his desire He brent as hoote..as any fire, And after sone with sodeyn calde he quoke.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)462 : For cold she [Poverty] shulde have deyed there. She nadde on but a streit old sak..Gret leyser hadde she to quake [F trembler].
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6495 : For whanne I see beggers quakyng, Naked on myxnes al stynkyng..I entremete not of her fare.
- ?a1425 Glo.Chron.B (Dgb 205)4242 : Koke [Clg: ech lim him ok, Vor he was wery yfaȝt].
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)231 : Here haue compassioun of hym in so grete colde quakinge and tremblynge, for as the gospel witnessith, it was than harde colde.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)1180 : He bad þei schuld take This ich mayden..Hold hire fast be-cause sche gan to qwake.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.Say.Nightingale (Trin-C R.3.20)74 : Take þowe noon heede how þis bridde so smal..Shakeþe and qwakiþe in euery Ioynt and membre.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)511/344 : Clothles whanne I was ofte and colde, At nede of you ȝede I full naked, House..Hadde I none of you, þof I quaked.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.1184 : 'I dye for colde,' and full peteusly he quaked.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)138a : To whake: frigutire.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)155/12 : In þat tyme..colde waxith myghti..bestys bothe wyld and tame quake and tremyl.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)339/70 : Bot alas! that euer I woke that carefull catyf nyght, When I for care and cold qwoke by a fyre burnyng full bright.
3.
(a) To be upset or agitated with fear, apprehension, etc. [some quots. here may belong to 1a.(a)]; (b) ~ for (in, of), to be agitated or stirred by (sorrow, fear, etc.); ~ for drede of, be agitated by fear of (sb. or sth.); (c) don (maken) ~, of fear or anxiety: to agitate (sb., the heart); (d) maken ~, to agitate (a people, nation) with fear; (e) ~ at, to regard (sth.) with awe or fearful respect; ~ for, be frightened for (oneself); be fearful of (sb. or sth.); ~ from (of), be afraid of (sb.); ~ in, of a person's spirits: falter in (misfortunes); grow feeble; (f) ppl. quakinge as adj.: apprehensive, anxious, worried.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)135 : Quanne he hauede þis pleinte maked, Þer-after stronglike [he] quaked.
- a1325 A schelde (Bod 622)18 : Who this schild in herte wul take, A-monge his enimes thar he noȝt quake.
- c1350 NPass.(Rwl C.655)130/254 : His deciples..quoken [vr. qwokn] alle grete.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Eccl.12.5 : Heȝe thingys also shul dreden & quaken [WB(2): schulen be aferd; L formidabunt] in þe weye.
- c1404 The ten commawndementis (RwlLtrg e.7)7 : Many tyme I haue take Goddes name in Idylsheppe; There-fore I tremell, drede, and quake.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.702 : Allas! allas! now may I quake and drede And of my lyf fallen in dispeire.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1321 : But ofte gan the herte glade and quake Of Troilus, whil that he gan it rede, So as the wordes yave hym hope or drede.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.7011 : In my moste feithful, humble wise, Onto my dethward thouh I tremble & quake, Off the for euere now my leue I take.
- a1450(?a1349) ?Rolle Luf es lyf (Cmb Dd.5.64)61 : When þair bodys lyse in syn, þair sawls mai qwake and drede.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4478 : Thre tymes þou blawe þi horne; Þa blastes sall þine enmys here..all þi faas sall qwake.
- (1458) Visit Hen.VI (Vsp B.16)11 : Oure enemyes quaken & dreden ful sore That peas is made, there was diuision.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)55 : I drede ungly to sey, tremel and quake..Þe cause..is þe court of Rome.
b
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1590 : How miȝtow hure þis, Bote þou quake ffor sorwe.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3831 : Comparisoun myghte neuere yet ben maked Bitwixe hym and another conquerour; For al this world for drede of hym hath quaked.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)13.9 : Þai qwoke for drede [L trepidaverunt timore], þar drede was non.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)74/36 : Spayne shal tremble for drede of him; Gascoyne shal swete..Almayn shal quake for drede of him.
- (?c1422) Hoccl.ASM (Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)637 : O soule abiect, desolat & forsake, Greet cause haast thow for fere & wo to qwake.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)4224 : Prothesely hath the vanward, The lond of Troye for to take, But furst schal he and alle hese qwake For drede of deth, or thei take rest.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)604 : But er I bere the moche ferre, I wol the telle what I am..so that thou take Good herte and not for fere quake.
- c1400 Interpol.Rolle Cant.(1) (Bod 288)29 : My lippis trembliden, þat is, I qwook for dreede of þe synne of my mouþ.
- c1460 Lydg.ST (Roy 18.D.2)3260 : Quakith [Arun: And thus, allas! she, quaking in her drede..to þe Grekes Ran].
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)80/252 : I qwake grettly for dred to here þis comendacion.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.Exhortation Priests (Trin-C R.3.21)7 : Holy prestes..Quaketh for drede, trembleth with mekenesse, Lord of lordys when ye shall receyue.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)13.9 : Thaire thai qvoke for drede whare na dred was.
c
- a1450 As ofte (Tan 346)77 : As fele sithes..be dispayre, drede doth hertis quake, So ofte-sithes..I fynde Mater and cause to sigh.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)3977 : But al to longe she dyde duelle In the kave..Of drede..Sodeyn fere so made hir quake.
d
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)203/25 : Wel openede he his mouþ toward Walys and made hit quake þrouȝ þe hidour of his mouthe.
- a1450(1413) Glade in god call (Dgb 102)123 : Englische men dede maystryȝes make..Cristen and heþen þey mad to quake.
e
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2807 : Rome ssal is sturnde Douty & quaky þeruore.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)106.25 : Her soule quoke [L tabescebat] in yuels.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ps.26.2 : Þe lord, my liȝting & my helþe, whom I shal dreden? Þe lord, defendere of my lijf, fro whom I shal quaken?
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11434 : Al þe kinges o þis werld For him sal be quakand and ferd.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.5.6 : For al be it so that..the contre of Ynde quaketh at [L tremescat] thy comaundementz..yit yif thou maist nat putten awey thi foule, dirke desires..certes, it nys no power that thow hast.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)10726 : Flaundre he wan, Boloyne he tok; Tounes, casteles, for hym þey quok.
- a1456 Heyle goddes moder (Ashm 59)49 : O, howe myne herte þane wol qwake ffor enmys to leye þeire lyne.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)26.2 : Lord, heyler of my lyf, of whom shal i quake..of whom shal i quake: as who say, i shal drede of none bot of hym.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)50.1 : Thou that ere lesse, haf na delite that he that was mare fell in till sa gret syn, bot thou may drede and quake for thi selfe.
f
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.4.19 : But whoso that, qwakynge [L trepidus], dredeth or desireth thyng that nys noght stable of his ryght, that man..hath cast awey his scheeld.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.m.2.24 : Certes, he that qwakynge and dredful weneth hymselven nedy, he ne lyveth nevermo ryche.
4.
(a) Of the earth, the ground: to quake, tremble; vibrate; ~ togeder, transl. of L contremere; don (maken) ~, cause (the earth) to shake; ~ and quaven (tremlen, etc.); stiren (tremlen) and ~; (b) ~ for, of the earth or the heavens: to tremble with (fear, grief); ~ of, of earth: shake because of (sth.); ~ afore, of the earth or the heavens: quake at (Doomsday); ~ at (on), of the earth: tremble at (seeing God), tremble in (the presence of God); (c) of a mountain, piece of land, etc.: to quake; ~ of, of a piece of land: tremble or vibrate from (sth.); ppl. quakinge as adj., of a bog: quaking; (d) of a city, house, wall, bed, etc.: to shake; ppl. quakinge as adj.: shaking, shaky; (e) of a pen: to tremble; ~ for (of), shake for (fear, pity); don ~, cause (a pen) to quake; ppl. quakinge as adj.: trembling; (f) of a tree: to shake, quiver; of leaves: quiver, flutter; (g) of water: to stir violently; ppl. quakinge as adj., of a wave: resounding, roaring; of the sound of thunder: shaking, rumbling; (h) of inanimate objects: to quake or be agitated.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)239 : Wic drednesse wurð þer.. þan si eorðe alle cwaced, þan þe sterren falleð.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)44/13 : Nefde bute iseid swa, þet al þe eorðe ne bigon to cwakien & to cwauien.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)196/90 : Þe eorþe bi-gan to quake, Ase wide ase þe cite was, and felde a-doun þe dom-halle.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1519 : Þe dragouns arisen of her den ..þai maden a gret batail; Þe erþe quaked vnder hem þo.
- ?c1350 Swete ihu cryst (BodLtrg 104)26 : Þe herþe quakede; þe sonne bi-com swart.
- 1372 At þe time (Adv 18.7.21)22 : Þe herde quakede & tremlede.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.26 : Al the erthe..Sal stir and quac.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.99 : Quen crist deyed, the erthe quoc.
- a1400(a1325) Glo.Chron.B (Trin-C R.4.26)780/15 : Ac whar so hit bifalleþ þat þe erþe is so fast Þat þe wynd ne passez, he schouueþ & þrast Þat al þe erþe quakiȝeþ & schakeþ onymete.
- a1400 Primer (StJ-C G.24)41 : And thanne the eerthe quakede [vr. quakide togider; L contremuit].
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3848 : Þe erþe quaked of her rydyng.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)7343 : Swa hydus noyse þai salle þan make, Þat alle þe world it moght do qwake.
- a1425 Medit.Pass.(1) (Arun 507)115 : Þe harde roche rafe, þe erth qwoqe, þe grafes openid.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)417/390 : Þe erthe þat tyme tremylled and quoke.
- c1450(?c1425) St.Mary Oign.(Dc 114)158/28 : Hit semyd to hir þat þe erþe quaked and in maner playned, þat sofferyd men so contraryous to her creatour in so outrage shrewdnesse.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)280/24 : Than hit fared undir hym as the grounde had quaked a lytyll.
- c1485 Assump.Virg.(1) (Hrl 2382)123/355 : The erthe so swithe gan quake, as al the world shuld to-shake.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.241 : That voys schal ben so..dredful & sterne þat heuene & erde schul gynnyn to quakyn.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)144/32 : Þe erth qwaquyt þer þe cros lay.
- a1500 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)p.97 : The erthe whoke [L tremuit] forto fere the crucifioures.
b
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)143 : Sunnedei wile ure drihten cumen..and ech eorþe scal hwakien on his ecsene.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1588 : Þe eorþe ne miȝte bere þi deþ..Þat ȝeo grisliche ne quakede, as who-so seiþ, ffor drede.
- c1330 Assump.Virg.(2) (Auch)290 : Aȝhens oure leuedi sscholde bi ded, Al þe erthe quok for dred.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)18.246 : The erthe, for heuynesse that he wolde suffre, Quaked [C: quaquide].
- ?a1430 ?Hoccl.Poems PS Compl.Virg.(Hnt HM 111)153 : O eerthe, what lust hast thow to susteene The crois..Qwake for doel & cleue thow in two.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.1068 : The erthe quook for feer off his presence.
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)28 : The erthe also is softed wyth rayn..and at þe beholdynge of god hit quaketh and by þat meuyng, knowlechyth hit suget to his empire.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)5.667 : Sodenly our hertez gynnythe colde..whan that we be-holde..Thy sonne and thou..In the boundez of so narowe a dongeon, Wher-of all erthe tremble sholde and quake.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)184/12 : For ȝif that heuene and erþe trembul and quake a-fore the yche day, þen myche moste man drede.
c
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (Hrl 2277:Horst.)163 : Þe yle quakede anon..hi bihulde hou þe yle in þe see wende faste, & as a quic þing hupte vp and doun.
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)64 : A-non so Iudas þis bone hadde to ore louerd i-bede, Þe hul bi-gan to quakien.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3465 : Smoke up rekeð, and munt quakeð.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)4142 : Him þoȝte he sey a grislich bere fle in þe eir an hey, Þat alle þe hauenes quakede of is fliȝt.
- a1400 Bevis (Eg 2862)89/1753 : Quakyd [Auch: Here swerdes drowe kniȝtes stoute And fiȝteþ faste..Þe medwe squauȝte of her dentes].
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)491 : So harde gan eythyr othyr assayle, the medewe quok of her dynt.
- 1543(1464) Hardyng Chron.B (Grafton)p.316 : When they were ouer ye quaking mosse & mire, They drewe the flekes ay after as they went.
d
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13532 : Þa wæs mid soðe ifunde þat Mærlin sæide whilen, þat sculden for Ardure..þa wal of stanen quakien and fallen.
- (1253) in Church Stretton (1904) [OD col.]2.157 : [As far as the] Quakinggebrugge.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.2206 : After that himself he schok, Wherof that al the halle quok, As it a terremote were.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)8044 : At þe mydnyȝt þe bere quoke.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7260 : Sampson cuth welle of ald gest..þe post þat al þat huse vpbare, Wit bath his handes he it scok Sua fast þat al þe hus quok [Göt: quock].
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)3849 : Al þe kastel walles obout Quoke so fast, þat men might think Þat al into þe erth sold synk.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)112/22 : Sodeynly þare come a thonnere & a leuennynge & ane erthedoun riȝte a hedous, so þat all babyloyne qwoke þare-wit.
- (1447) Cart.Oseney in OHS 90378 : Iuxta pontem vocatum le Quakyngbrygge.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)28.370 : But neuere so soft ne Cowde he gon, that Al the bed be-gan to qwaken Anon from the ton Ende to þe toþer..In this Manere, this bed So qwakyng it was.
- 1451-1500 Tundale (Wagner)411 : Alle quakand þat brygge was, Þere myght no man over hit pas.
e
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.145 : I fele also My penne quake & tremble in my hond, List þat my lord..My makyng rude schal beholde.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.14 : Now my penne, allas! with which I write, Quaketh for drede of that I moste endite.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.3684 : Alas, this tragedie doth myn herte bleede, Mi penne quake of routhe & of pite.
- c1450(a1449) Lydg.SSecr.(Sln 2464)334 : With quakyng penne my consceyt to expresse, ffor lak of Rhethoryk feerful to vnffoolde, To your noblesse to wryten as I wolde.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)2.1658 : Though my penne be quakyng ay for drede, Neythir to Cleo ne to Caliope Me luste not calle forto helpe me.
- a1475(1430) Lydg.St.Marg.(Dur-U Cosin V.2.14)57 : O gemme of gemmes..shede of grace the aureat lycoure In-to my penne, quakyng of verray drede, Of retoryke for I haue no muse Duely to write this martirdom.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)47/61 : Now ginneth my penne to quake, to thinken on the sentences of the envyous people.
f
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Cmb Gg.1.1)250 : Coudre croule [glossed:] quakes [vrr. quaket; Waggys].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.83 : Þey were i-cleped þe trees of þe sonne, for euerich of hem quaked and schoke [Higd.(2): movede] as sone as þe sonne beem touched his cop.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)249b/b : Þis tree..haþ light leues, as þe aspe, for þe leues þer of be ful þynne and ful lighte and meueþ and quakeþ with a wel softe blast of wynde.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.542 : He was gon to don his sacrifise, And moste at swich a temple allone wake..And first to sen the holy laurer quake, Er that Apollo spake out of the tree.
g
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)139a/b : Þundir is a spirit of wyndes I-fonge in þe bosom of cloudes..and rendiþ al þat parties of þe cloude ande makeþ greet quakynge noyse and sowne and þundir.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.5.26 : Ne no man ne wondreth whanne the blastes of the wynd Chorus beten the strondes of the see by quakynge [L frementi] floodes.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)8187 : Þyse two dragons fordede þy werk, ffor whan þy werk on heyght larged..þen meued þey hem, þe water al quok.
h
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)469 : All this was wittenes agaynes man..all qwhoke.
5.
(a) To sway to and fro, waver; (b) of thought: to vacillate; (c) of the eyes: to shift, be shifty.
Associated quotations
a
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)68a/a : Vacillo: to wawen & quake.
b
- a1450(?a1349) ?Rolle All vanitese (Cmb Dd.5.64)4 : Þi thoght, lat it noght qwake; þi lufe, lat it not kele.
c
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)98/1 : Eyen quakyng, shynyng, and lepyng, þat sheweth giles and deceytes.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)101/25 : Quakyng eyen and grete, whan þei ben derk and erren, it shewith devowryng, and vntemperance of wyne and women.
6.
(a) In proverb; (b) in comparisons: ~ as (so) he wer wod, to shake like a madman; ~ for mouton, tremble like a sheep; ~ as lef on (upon) tre, quiver or shake like a leaf on a tree; ~ as an aspe lef, ~ as lef on linde, ~ as doth the braunch, etc. [see also aspe n.(2)].
Associated quotations
a
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2317 : She..quok for fere..Ryght as the lamb that of the wolf is biten, Or as the culver that of the egle is smiten.
b
- a1325(?c1300) NPass.(Cmb Gg.1.1)764 : Iudas herde þe wordes hille..He quok so he wer wode.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)1094 : When Iudas saw it was no bote..He qwoke for wha, als he war wode.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)1049 : Heo gan to quake, as heo ware wod.
- a1425 Proph.6 Kings (Glb E.9)239 : Þan sall all Ingland quakeand be Als leues þat hinges on þe espe tre.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2680 : Dredfully she quaketh, As doth the braunche that Zepherus shaketh.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)27.215 : For they [read: there] nas non partie Of that yl tho, that It ne qwakede [F tramblast] and schok Also, As dide Ony lef vppon A tre that with the wynd Mevede sekerle.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)14/28 : But a litil penaunce for here synnes or for here soule hele makeþ hem to drede & to qwake as an aspyn leef.
- c1450(?a1400) Quatref.Love (Add 31042)418 : We sall seke thedyr in sympill atyre, Tremland and qwakande als lefe appon tree.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)365/360 : Mi flesh it quakys, as lefe on lynde to shontt the showres sharper then thorne.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)11808 : Syth the tyme y spake wyth þe, All y qwake, as leef on tre.
7.
(a) To make (sth.) shake or change rapidly; (b) to fear (sth.); tremble at (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1413 Chaucer TC (Mrg M 817)2.303 : Beth nought a-gast ne quaketh not, wher to? Ne quaketh [Rob.: chaungeth] not for fere so youre hewe.
- c1450 *Bonav.Medit.(4) (MSU 1)57 : Þen many þat saw þies woundurs were turnede & for drede qwok þer brestis [L percutientes pectora].
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.34.16 : Who drediþ god, no thing shal quaken [WB(2): schal not tremble for ony thing; L nihil trepidabit], & he shal not inwardly dreden.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prols.Judith (Bod 959)21 : Ne she dradde deþ for þe helþe of þe puple, ne þe kingis wodnesse quakide, forwhi þe slepende prince she sloȝ.
8.
Error for quiken v.
Associated quotations
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)132a/a : A lytil puffynge of wynd quakeþ [Mrg: quykeþ; L excitat] and tendiþ leye.