Middle English Dictionary Entry
prei(e n.(2)
Entry Info
Forms | prei(e n.(2) Also preȝe, preiȝe, preige, prai(e, prahe & prie & (errors) preier, praier, praire. |
Etymology | OF proie, preie, praie. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Booty, spoil, plunder; an object obtained by pillage, a piece of stolen property; also fig.; (b) preie(s takinge, plundering(s, a raid (raids) made to secure plunder; taken ~, to seize booty or spoil, steal an object; yeven unto ~, give (sth. to sb.) as booty; (c) the act of taking booty, plundering; depredation, robbery; a raid made to secure plunder; (d) ?something won in a contest, ?a prize; (e) ?a desired object.
Associated quotations
a
- ?c1335 Whose þenchiþ vp (Hrl 913)p.134 : Of his deþ ne telliþ hi noȝt, Bot of har prei hi hab som.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6163 : Þe deneis..wende estward in to kent & robbede þere vaste, & hor preye at medeweie in to ssipes caste.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7727 : He destruede þat pouere folc & nom of hom is preye, So þat he was riche him sulf, & þat lond pouere.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Josh.11.14 : Al þe preyȝe of þese citees & beestys, þe sonys of Irael dyuydedyn to hem self.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Mac.4.17 : Coueyte ȝe not prayes [L spolia], for bateil is aȝeinus vs.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2015 : Yet saugh I..The tiraunt, with the praye [vr. prye] by force yraft.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.95 : He understood of þe praye [L de præda] and nouȝt of þe strengþe of þe oost.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2543 : O prai wald abram nathing haue.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)2/1 : Holy chirche is made praye to ȝou alle.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.3.42 : They, as in partye of hir preye, todrowen me, cryinge and debatyng therayens.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Possessioners (Corp-C 296)123 : Þei feynen hem dede to gete pray of worldly lordischipis & richesse.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)91a : Loke þou be þe firste þat gadre to þe þe praie of þyn enemyes þat ben taken & slayn raþer þan þey of þe.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)240/15 : They sente before fyve score of knyghtes, and her prayes and hir presoners passyth hem aftir.
- (1474) in Rymer's Foedera (1709-10)11.818 : Our said Soverayne Lord the King shall have the Thred part of..their Wynnyngs of Werre..beit Prisoners, Prayes, or other Goods or Cattels whatsoever.
- c1475(?c1451) Worcester Bk.Noblesse (Roy 18.B.22)31 : The men of Gaule had wonne gret praies and good, as horse harneis, vesselle of golde and of silver gret plente.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)125 : Kynge claudas was putt to flight, and loste all his harneyse and his praye.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2314 : Oft and vnselde Of triamour tok he pray.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1710 : Manly sche melled hire..til sche say tidi time hire prey for to take.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.9.25 : Þei hawntidyn þeftys, takynge preyes of þe goaris besiden.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judith 15.8 : Fro þe leste vnto þe myche, alle weren made riche of þe prey-takingis of hem.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.187 : Among þe prayes [L manubias] þat þe Romayns took out of þe Iewerye, þey took out of þe schryne of God a candelstikke and a metebord.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)112/22 : Kyng Edmund..went and tok grete preye in Comberland.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Is.8.1 : Swiftli drawe thou awei spuylis; take thou prey soone [WB(1): soone refe].
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)2748 : They come with grete pryde And take grete pray on euery syde.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)1416 : Catayl, dromoun, and galeye, Al j ȝow ȝeue vnto ȝoure preye.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)26 : Thei assembled grete pepill vpon the kynge..and token often prisoners and many other prayes upon hym.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)79/27 : Whan the fellochipe lackid spendynge, and not Speddyn in Prayes-takynge..Thay wenten ham to the Erle.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)149/32 : A pray-takynge toward lymerike weies.
- a1550(?a1475) Otterburn (Cleo C.4)4 : The dowghtye dowglasse bowynd hym to ryde, In ynglond to take a praye.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Num.31.53 : Echone..þat he cauȝt in þe preyȝe was his.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)186a/b : Þe men..takeþ lesse hede to prayes and to robery þan oþer naciouns of Germans.
- a1425(c1384) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ezek.29.19 : He shal take by pray the raueynes therof [L deprædabitur manubias eius], and he schal rauysshe the spuylis of it.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)26a/b : Expolia: prey or robbery.
- a1425 *Trev.Barth.(Mrg M 875)183a/b : Men of þat londe bene staleworþe and stronge & ȝeuen hem to prayes [Add: prayers; L predis], to robbynge and reuynge, & many of hem ben see þeues.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)3713 : Catel, goodes, and alle other thynge..thei hadde wonnen at here pray Off that Castel.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)101/8 : Grete townes wer ny desolat; þere wat not elles but pray and þeft and brennyng.
d
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)439 : Fele here porchasez and fongez pray.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Jer.21.9 : He that dwellith in this citee schal die bi swerd..but he that goith out and fleeth ouer to Caldeis..schal lyue, and his lijf schal be as a prey [WB(1): spoile] to hym.
e
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1210 : I wil enforme and gyde yow on the waye In such wise as ye may fynde youre praye.
- a1550(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Sln 1873)2757 : Of this arte ye shall not haue your pray, But it be mynystride aswell nyght as day.
2.
(a) The prey of a man, bird, beast, etc.; a catch, quarry; -- also coll.; ~ makinge of bestes, the hunting of game; (b) in comparisons; (c) the act of killing prey, hunting; ?manner of hunting [last quot.]; (d) beste (brid) of ~, a beast (bird) of prey; foul of ~, a bird of prey, predatory bird; also fig.; (e) a bird or an animal killed as food; ?food in general, provisions.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)387/78 : Þe honten com hom wiþoute þreie, for noþing necaȝte hi þer.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2511 : A best he tok to pray Bi adern sty.
- c1330 Orfeo (Auch)28/313 : Ich faucoun his pray [vr. game] slouȝ.
- c1390 Bi west (Vrn)7 : Þer haukes vn-to heore pray þei hyde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.3389 : The fierce Leon in his kinde..goth rampende after his preie.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4945 : The Tigre his time awaiteth In hope forto cacche his preie.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)53b/a : Þe goshauk is boold in þe brest, and in þe ayer he smytiþ his pray to þe grounde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)147a/b : Gnattes beeþ I-holde leuest pray to swalowes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)170b/b : For a dyche is y-made, and in þe botme þer of is a shepe or a gote, and by þe smelle þer of þe lyoun comeþ in to þe dyche by cause of praye.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)270a/b : Þe ȝonge spiþer arrayeþ anoon nettes þat beþ acordynge to his pray.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)292b/a : Þe wolf..takeþ no pray of mete nygh þe place where he norissheþ his whelpes.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3530 : Hauk es eth..To reclaym þat has tint his pray.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4216 : Of him has beistes made þair prai.
- a1400 Þe lion (Hrl 7322)4 : Weþer he pleye oþer take his preȝe, he can not do bot slo.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)34 : Werwolfes..goon to children, the which ben no stronge priee as to hem.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)2021 : Þe lyoun..wald go to get his pray.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)2519 : A wolf þei founde whech had caute his pray, A litil goot.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)20 : Baffynge: as howndys folowynge her pray.
- c1440(c1350) Octav.(1) (Thrn)83/334 : Thare come an ape to seke hir pray; Hir one childe scho bare awaye.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.Consulo (Hrl 2255)12 : With cormerawntys make thy nekke long, In pondys deepe thy prayes [vr. prayre] to recure.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)71a : Whenne þin enemyes haueþ eny meyne oute to foreye vytailes or to praymakynge of bestes, þanne sende þou oute..horsmen.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)914/2 : I have norysshed in thys place a grete whyle a serpente..And yestirday ye slew hym as he gate hys pray.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)482 : Onys on þe day He wolde forthe to gete hys praye.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)775/4 : As ofte as he scholde goo to þe batell or ouȝte of þe Cyte to take his praye, The bell schold be rong.
b
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)4028 : Al-so leun is migtful der, So sal ðis folc ben migtful her; Ðis leun sal..Lond canaan al preige bi-geten.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)1430 : Als a lyoun he heyed him fast, Þat his prey wold haue on hast.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)16.13 : Hij token me as a lyon redy to his praie.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)627 : Þan by-gan þe stronge fiȝt betwene þes kniȝtes tweye; As twey lyons þay furde riȝt, þat wolde slen his preye.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2632 : Ne in Belmarye ther nys so fel leoun That hunted is..Ne of his praye desireth so the blood, As Palamon.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.5633 : In a rage on hire he ran, Riht as a wolf which takth his preie.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5214 : Vnder-neþe he was with fraude frauȝt, Þis sleiȝti wolfe, til he his pray haþ kauȝt.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)5677 : Among the gregeis he rode and ran, As hundes doth vpon his pray.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)7965 : Ector euere aboute rayled And [read: As] faucoun doth opon his pray.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)78/15 : He..cast hym before hym and bare hym as the wolfe beres his pray.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)2.163 : Than bated he boldeliche as a brid wolde, To plewme on his pray þe pol fro þe nekk.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)119/34 : Riȝt as þe egle descendeþ in-to the see and takeþ oute here praye, so Crist comyng and descendyng downe into the lowe depnys of helle toke oute with hym his praye.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)25 : As a fowle is glad of sprynging of the day, or any beest or fowle of his prahe, so were they glad of my saule.
- a1500 To ȝou hie (Hrl 3785)38 : Y were as prest of flyȝt as euer was faucoun tyl his pray.
c
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)15 : Þat while was þe werwolf went a-boute his praye, what behoued to þe barn to bring as he miȝt.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.127 : Þese men haueþ noon hous but walkeþ in wildernesse and..lyueþ by prayes and by venysoun [Higd.(2): preyes and huntenges; L prædis et venationibus].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)259a/a : Some bestes..fleeþ and voydeþ companye..as fowles and briddes wiþ crokede clawes and bestes þat lyueþ by pray.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)71b : Loke þyn enbusshement be redy þat to falle on hem þat..ben fer from her felauschip for foraieng of vitailes or pray [vr. of prayeng] of bestes.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.23 : Whanne it happeth þe herte to hente þe edder, He putyth him to peyne, as his pray asketh.
d
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)142/9 : Þet byeþ þe milde herten and simple uor þe uoȝeles of praye [F oisiaus de proie], þet byeþ þe dyeulen.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.2605 : If it falle him so per chance, As he which is a fowhl of preie, That he a man finde in his weie, He wol him slen.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)53b/a : Foules hauen generalliche scharpe brest, and nameliche foules of pray.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)140b/a : Foules of pray..beþ wondir scharpe of siȝt and ful bolde & hardy.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)260b/a : Bestes of pray haueþ teeþ departed and scharpe, þat þey mowen þe bettre entre and come to þe pray and byte þerof gobettes & peces.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)309a/a : Most hote briddes of complexioun and colerik, as briddes of pray, haueþ þe vtter partyes ȝelowe.
e
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Prov.31.15 : Fro þe nyȝt she ros & ȝaf prey [L prædam; WB(2) Gloss.: in Ebreu it is liyflode] to hir homly men.
3.
(a) A human victim; a captive, hostage; a prisoner of war; an intended victim, a person pursued in combat; -- also coll.; in (into, unto, to) ~, as a victim, captive, or prisoner; (b) fig. a captive of Love or of a lover; (c) a soul as quarry or as a catch; a spiritual victim, captive, or prisoner; one in the power of Satan or the world; -- also coll.; also, a captive of Christ, a convert [quot.: ?a1450]; in ~, as a spiritual captive; (d) the act of holding a spiritual captive.
Associated quotations
a
- ?c1335(a1300) Cokaygne (Hrl 913)163 : Þe ȝung monkeþ..commiþ to þe nunnes anon, And euch monke him takeþ on And snellich berriþ forþ har prei.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Num.14.31 : Ȝoure lytul childryn, forsoþe, of whiche ȝe han seide þat þei sholyn be to preye [WB(2): preyes, ethir raueyns] to þe enemyys, y shal lede in.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judith 9.3 : Þou ȝeue þe wymmen of þem in to prey, þe doȝtris of þem in to caitifte.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.433 : Alisaundre his knyȝtes pursueþ and takeþ grete prayes ful þritty dayes.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)2527 : Þe hethen men he smate a-mange, deliuered þaire prayes [Vsp: prisuns] al, and lote, wiþ alle þe catel ilka grote.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.269 : Opon þe þrid day, at a toun hamelet, Thomas was his pray, as he to mete was set.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3806 : He lete his pray and fleiȝ on hors Forto saue his owen cors.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1297 : He..Presented him þe presoneres in pray þat þay token.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)3070 : Thei of Troye hadde lad away Quene Eleyne vnto here pray.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2754 : Forriours fers..Prekes aftyre þe pray.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3166 : Hit is a proffitable pray of persons, me thinke.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)4.32.78b : The chiefteynes han..yove way to hire enemyes & made the poepil pray to him.
b
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.201 : I have herd told..of youre lyvynge, Ye loveres..And whan youre prey is lost, woo and penaunces.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5143 : Unto Love I was so thrall, Which callith overall his pray.
c
- a1250 Wooing Lord (Tit D.18)273 : Þu band ta helle dogges, and reftes ham hare praie þat tai hefden grediliche gripen.
- a1300 Hayl mari hic (Dgb 2)20 : At min endin-day, þe warlais, þai wil be her fort take þair pray.
- (a1333) Herebert Þe kynges baneres (Add 46919)20 : Þou art y-maked crystes weye: Þorou þe he tok of helle preye.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)151/645 : He gan to þe trowe glyde Þat was for-boden, al forte abyde After hys praye.
- c1390 NHom.Theoph.(Vrn)507 : My sone..binom þe fend of helle his prai.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.355 : The feend seith..'I wol departe my prise or my preye [vr. praier] by deliberacioun.'
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1472 : We..wol vs swiche formes make As moost able is oure preyes [vrr. preis, prey; pris, preyers] for to take.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Pilgr.(Phys-E)p.55 : Satanas..tok that sawel gredilye, And mad ful gret ȝoi of his prai.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)7718 : Þe fende whan he may any tyce..Þan þynkeþ he, he haþ wonne a pray.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)25057 : Þe prai þat he of hell vte-toke His choslinges war.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)18.308 : For þi lesynges, Lucifer, loste is al owre praye.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)1187 : Þe world..waytes ay, Als shadow to tak to his pray.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)845 : Ȝoure nettes ȝe schal forsake..And ȝe schal fisshe euer ech a day And take men to ȝoure pray.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)310/26 : Þis fend folowd after & tuke hur &..when he had his pray, he rade his ways.
- c1450 Ihesus þat sprong (Lamb 853)83 : Lete me not be þe feendis pray.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)1.3.4b : Than said this sathanas..'thu purposist vtterly to bereve me my pray with wrong.'
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)183/23 : The deuyll takyth in prei and turmentyth but corsyd men.
- a1500 Nicod.(4) (Hrl 149)108 : Than seyd the prynce of helle..'Let vs stonde styfly ageyn that we be not takyn wyth the prey that we haue.'
d
- c1390(?a1325) LChart.Chr.A (Vrn)654/196 : A strayt couenaunt I-mad þer was Bi-twene me and Sathanas: Al my catel to haue away þat he me refte with false pray [vr. fray].
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)300/829 : I xal þus deye to delyuere man fro þe develys pray.
- c1475 St.Patr.Purg.(2) (Brm)p.99 : He com to þe end woll sone; Than was the develys pray [vr. power] done.
4.
A company of men, an army; a group or band of people or animals.
Associated quotations
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)71/1235 : He is vnder wude boȝe & wiþ him kniȝtes Inoȝe..Horn tok his preie & dude him in þe weie.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)565 : Of wilde beestes com a grete pray, Ȝerned þorouȝ-out þe contray, And afterward a flok of bryddes.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1991 : Alisaundre, þi foo..Liggeþ now wiþ swiche preye Þat he wriȝeþ al þe contreye.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)2591 : Of his poeple þe grete praye Lasted twenty milen waye.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)278 : In the vaungarde were x ml that ledde the pray.