Middle English Dictionary Entry
plācēbo n.
Entry Info
Forms | plācēbo n. Pl. placeboes. |
Etymology | L |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
Liturg. (a) Vespers of the Office for the Dead, beginning with the antiphon, 'Placebo Domino in regione vivorum' (Ps. 114.9); also, the recitation of this office; ~ and dirige (for the ded, vespers and matins of the Office for the Dead; bok of ~ and dirige, a book containing the text of this office; (b) preien (with) ~ and dirige, to pray the Office for the Dead; seien (singen) ~ (and dirige, recite or chant the Office for the Dead; also fig.; hunten with ~, be diligent in the recitation of the Office for the Dead.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)16/29 : Ed placebo sitteð aþet Magnificat, alswa ed Dirige bute ed te lesceuns & ed te Miserere.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.403 : Þey putteþ non giblettes to þe houres of Goddes service, outake Placebo and Dirige for þe dede [L præter vigilias pro defunctis].
- c1390 GGuy(2) (Vrn)317 : Also þe psalme Magnificat and þe psalme Benedictus, whon þei ben seid in placebo & dirige for dede men, folfullen soules in purgatorie.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)6.46 : The lomes þat ich laboure with and lyflode deserue Ys pater-noster and my prymer, placebo and dirige, And my sauter som tyme and my seuene psalmes.
- c1400 GGuy(1) (Tbr E.7)1177 : First in placebo er puruayde fiue psalmes..for þe euynsang, wit fyue antyms menged omang.
- c1425(c1400) Primer (Cmb Dd.11.82)p.52 : Here bigynneþ placebo..Antem: 'I schal plese þe lord in þe cuntre of hem þat lyuen.'
- ?c1430(c1383) Wycl.Leaven Pharisees (Corp-C 296)15 : Þei visyten not pore men in here sikenesse, but riche men wiþ preue massis and placeboes and dirige.
- (1436) EEWills105/7 : Seye euery friday a messe of the trentall, with Placebo and dirige, & the ix lessons.
- a1450(?1409) Vision Staunton (Roy 17.B.43)72 : Þese sowles may be holpen owt of þese paynes principalliche bi..placebo and dirige.
- c1450 *Assem.Bk.1 Gild St.Geo.Norwich (Nrw-CMus) : To here the second Evensong and Placebo and Dirige for the brethern and systerne soulys of the seid Gyld.
- (1459) Will York in Sur.Soc.30227 : A boke of Placebo and Dirige..in the which ar titled of olde tyme the Obitts of the auncetors..of the said Sir Thomas.
- (1463) Doc.in Nicholl Ironmongers527 : [Thomas Dorchester..bequeathed to the Company 40 1. to keep and observe annually an] obite and anniversary for his sowle, with placebo and dirige, and masse and requiem, solempnely by note in the parisshe church of Seint Mary-at-hill.
- a1475(1450) Death Suffolk (Vsp B.16)8,72 : For Iac Napes soule, Placebo and dirige..all Englond ioyfull may synge þe commendacioun with Placebo & Dirige.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)96b : Placebo & dirige: Exequie.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)15/22 : Efter euensong anan ower placebo euch niht seggeð hwen ȝe beoð eise.
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.20 : At ye Dirige, euery brother and sister yat is letterede shul seyn, for ye soule of ye dede, placebo and dirige, in ye place wher he shul comen to-geder.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)3.309 : Prestes and parsones with placebo to hunte, And dyngen vpon dauid eche a day til eue.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)4.467 : Ech man to playe with a plouh, a pycoyse, oþer a spade..Prestes and persons placebo [vr. with placebo] and dirige..for alle synful preyen.
- (1423) Reg.Chichele in Cant.Yk.S.42 (Lamb 69)267 : I wole þat..vij prestes..be charget þat ich of hom..say Placebo and Dirige every day.
- (1429) Will Braybroke in Ess.AST 5300 : Here charges shullen be that thay saye her masses euery day..and also to saye eury day Placebo and dirige and comendacon.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Prelates (Corp-C 296)57 : Prelatis ben more bounden to þis prechynge..þan to seie matynes, masse, euen song, or placebo.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3124 : Lo, synful tydynge, Boy, on þi bak I brynge..Þi placebo I schal synge; To deuylys delle I schal þe bere to helle.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)110/22 : His body lay on þe bere in þe cherche, & clerkys seydin Placebo & dirige for his soule.
- 1451-1500 Tundale (Wagner)104 : Tundale ly dede thore; For hym was þe belles rongonne And placebo and dirige songonne.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)97/23 : The sentence of this charter is that..the Couente of Godestowe..wolde fynde..a Couenable preest the whiche shold do diligently a prestis seruyce, that is to sey, masse, commendacion, placebo, and dirige..for all trew cristen.
- (1476) Plea & Mem.R.Lond.Gildh.101 : I wol that there be songe solemply by note for my soule..placebo and dirige and masse of Requiem every day duryng the xxx daies next suying after my decesse.
2.
(a) Flattering or obsequious speech; singen ~, plaien with ~, to flatter, act the toady; (b) personified; flattery, the quality of being pleasing and acceptable; also, in narrative: a flattering and obsequious character, a sycophant.
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)60/30 : Þe uerþe zenne [of flattery] is þat huanne hi alle zingeþ Placebo, þet is to zigge, 'mi lhord zayþ zoþ; mi lhord deþ wel,' and wendeþ to guode al þet þe guodeman deþ oþer zayþ, by hit guod, by hit kuead.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.617 : Flatereres ben the deueles chapelleyns that syngen euere Placebo.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.2075 : Beth war..with lordes how ye pleye; Syngeth Placebo and I shal if I kan..To a poure man men sholde his vices telle, But nat to a lord thogh he sholde go to helle.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)58/15 : Flaterers..syngen alwey Placebo; þat is to seye, 'My lord seiþ soþ, or my lady, or Iohn or Willyam my felawe seiþ wel.'
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)124/3 : Who so louithe his frende, he shulde not flater hym..and not forto plaie with placebo [F faire le placebo].
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)14654 : Lordys that ben off gret estaat, On hem I wayte..In wrong and ryght I kan hem plese..My song to hem ys 'placebo'.
b
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1476 : Ther fil a stryf bitwix his bretheren two; Of which that oon was cleped Placebo, Iustinus soothly called was that oother.
- c1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Tbr A.7)22417 : Flateryng Is engendered off lesyng; Somme callen hir Placebo, ffor sche kan maken an Eccho, Answere euere ageyn the same.
- c1475 A philosophre (Hrl 372)p.28 : Take good leyser or thou have mariage..War placebo, leave hym for thine avail..Remembre wele on olde January..and how Justyne did vary Fro placebo, but yet the olde man wyvethe.
- a1500(1413) ?Hoccl.Poems PS (Eg 615)p.lx/293 : For who þat well be holpen at his nede, Ful sekere, Placebo mvst go before.