Middle English Dictionary Entry
pit n.
Entry Info
Forms | pit n. Also pit(t)e & (WM & S) put(e, putte, puit(e, puette & (prob. from MDu. in SEM, rarely in NEM, N) put(e, putte & (K, S, SEM) pet(e, pette. |
Etymology | OE pyt, OK *pet (from L) & MDu. put; also cp. OF puiz, puz & L puteus, AL (?from English) pitta. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A natural or man-made depression in the ground, hole, pit, ditch; cave; also fig.; also, an open excavation from which some mineral product is obtained or in which some industrial process is carried out; marle ~, marl pit; marble ~, marble quarry; colieres pittes, charcoal burners' pits; ~ botme, bottom of the pit; (b) a concealed hole or pit serving as a trap; also fig.; (c) a hole in which an animal dwells, den, burrow; also, a pit in which dangerous animals are confined; (d) a pit or storage hole inside a house, cellar; (e) a privy; refuse pit; blod ~, ~ of blod, a slaughter pit; (f) a hole in which a body is buried, grave; also fig.; ben on pittes brinke, ben ripe unto ~, sitten on ~ hille, to be on the verge of death; also, the digging or provision of a grave as a service offered by a parish church; (g) a dungeon, an underground chamber within a prison; also, a prison.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)47 : Missus est ieremias in puteum et stetit ibi..ieremie þe prophete stod in ane putte.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)49 : Þes put bitacneð deopnesse of sunne.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6395 : Heo wuneden i þan puttes inne eorðen & inne stockes.
- a1250 Ancr.(Tit D.18)6/22-3 : Forþi was ihaten..iþe alde lahe þat put [Roy: pytte] were eauere ihulet, & ȝif anj vnhulede þe put [Roy: pitt] & beast fel þer in, he hit schulde ȝelde.
- a1250 Ancr.(Tit D.18)7/13 : Þu schalt ȝelde þe beast for þe puttes opninge.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)102 : Al naked in þe pette hi worþen þat child in.
- c1300 S.Leg.Faith(1) (LdMisc 108)72 : Huy ornen out of toune hem for-to huyde..And leiȝen in puttes and in olde ditches.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1257-8 : Peter..al wepyng wente him out..Into an old put..Þat is þe put of cokkes crowe ycluped ȝut to þis day.
- a1325(?c1300) NPass.(Cmb Gg.1.1)1541 : Þe rode a reriden vp anon; Vpon þe mount of Caluarie..A setten it in a dep pitte.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2789 : Tueye grete dragons out of þis stones come; Þe on was red, þe oþer wyt..þe wite..Drof þen rede al abac out of þe putte [B: puite] ney.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.14.10 : Þe wody valey..hadde many pyttez of glewysch cley.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.23.20 : So abraham byryede his wyf Sara in the double spelonke of þe felde..& þe feelde is confermyd & þe pytt [WB(2): denne; L antrum] þat was in it to abraham in to possessyon of a monument.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 14.5 : Whos asse ether axe of ȝoure schal falle in to a pitt [WB(2): pit; L puteum], and not a non he schal drawe out him on the day of sabot?
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3460 : He walked in the feeldes for to prye Vpon the sterres what ther sholde bifalle Til he was in a marle pit [vrr. Marleput, Marle pitte, marbil pyt] yfalle.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4945 : Upon a day as he..To wode in his huntinge wente..He fell unwar into a pet.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2500 : Four kinges werraud a pon fiue..Þe fiue gaue bak..And fell to in a pitt o clay.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4155 : In þis wast i wat a pite; Dri and waterles es it.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)6611 : 'Schews me sone..Quere ȝe haue ȝe manna hidd!' Þe putis [Vsp: holes] quen þai þaim vndid, Þai fand bot wormis crouland imyd.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1008 : He sende toward Sodomas þe syȝt of his yȝen..Nou is hit plunged in a pit like of pich fylled.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)17 : Whan here he nedes [read: hedes] bene burnysshed at þe Coliers puttes, comonly þei bene blak alway..and whan þei bene burnysshed agayn Roche, þan þei abiden al white.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)62/36 : Faste by it is a lityll pytt [F fossette] in the erthe where the foot of the pileer is ȝit entered, And þere was oure lord first scourged.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)15/3 : In Cipre..all men..etez þaire mete apon þe erthe; For þai make pittes [Man.(1): dyches] in þe erthe all aboute þe hall, depe to þe knee.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)50.757 : They..ladden hem forth..Comaunded that two pyttes Anon to Make..and Anon they weren I-put there-Inne.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12663 : When þe prinse was past to þe pit bothum, Þe buernes on þe bonk bet hym with stonys.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)114/9 : I myght rather stoppe a gret pitte full of derkenesse than to reherce all the good vertues that longen to a prynce.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)344 : He did make v pittes right depe, by the whiche the watir of the welle ranne to the bodies of the dede men.
- c1500 King & H.(Ashm 61:Hazlitt)82 : Gyff I stryke into a pytte, Hors and man myght spylle.
b
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)18 : Men taken hem wiþ houndis, wiþ greihoundis, with nettis, and wiþ cordes, and with oþer harnays, wiþ puttes and wiþ shott, and with oþere gynnes, and with strengthe.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.2587 : In cristal watres that calm & soote [read: smothe] bee Arn pereillous pettis ful of decepcioun.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)4119 : Doun ȝe scholden fallen þere, Jn a pyt syxty fadme deep; Þerffore bewar..At þe passyng ouyr þe trappe Many on has had full euyl happe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)5610 : And pals haue þai pight, with pittis and caves, And other wilis of werre.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)82/22 : Manis good fortune blyndeth hym so..that he can not knowe himselfe..and aftirwarde castith him downe in to his orrible pitte [F fosse].
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)7.16 : Incidit in foueam quam fecit..he fell in the pit that he made.
c
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)624 : Ðe dragunes one ne stiren nout wiles te panter remeð ogt, oc daren stille in here pit.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.133 : He was i-doo in þe pitte [Higd.(2): denne; L lacum] of leons in Meda.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)221 : Nou I be-seche þe, Ihesu..Þat..wustest daniel in þe put þat he was inne I-worpe Among þe leones.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)678 : A pit [vr. pet] thanne doth she grave, And alle the serpentes that she myghte have, She putte hem in that grave.
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)51 : He þat fedde danyel þe prophet in þe pytte of lyouns cessed not to fede these dayes þis innocent mayde.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)912 : The conyngz fro couert courid þe bankes And raughte oute a raundon and retournyd agaynes, Pleyed forth on þe playne, and to þe pitte after.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 17.18-19 : Þei..wenten in..þe hous of a maner man..þat hadde a pitt [L puteum] in his vestiarie, & þei descendiden in to it. A womman forsoþe tooc & straȝte out a coueryng vp on þe mouþ of þe pit as driynge pild barli, & so þe thing is hid.
e
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)47/513 : Se þet eadi wummon..weorp him forð from hire awei in to a put of fulðe.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1761 : This cursed Iew hym hente..And kitte his throte and in a pit [vrr. putte, pute; priuey] hym caste; I seye that in a wardrobe they hym threwe Wher as thise Iewes purgen hir entraille.
- (1467) Ordin.Wor.372 : Item, that intrailles of bestes and blode putts be clansed and caried awey by night and not by day.
- (1467) Ordin.Wor.385 : That no intraillez of eny manner bestes, nor no puttes of bloode, be clansed or caryed awey on the day, but ouer nightz in due tyme, and before vsyd; And that no blode putte be vnclensyd ouer a day and a night.
f
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)15894 : Swiðe heo gunnen deȝe, þat ofte in þan putte þer me þene dede isette, þer deiȝede þe quike uppen þen dede.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)62/24 : Ha schulden schrapien euche dei þe eorðe up of hare put þet ha schulien rotien in..þet put deð muche god moni ancre, for..þeo þe haueð eauer hire deað as biuoren hire ehnen.
- a1275 Wen þe turuf (Trin-C B.14.39)2 : Wen þe turuf is þi tuur, & þi put is þi bour..Wat helpit þe þenne al þe worilde wnne?
- ?a1300 *Body & S.(4) (Dgb 86)86 : Þe seueþe dai shulen arisen, so þe boc ous tolde, Hof here puite heuer ilke, boþe ȝonge and holde.
- c1300 Body & S.(5) (LdMisc 108)p.37 : Wenestouȝ, wretche, þoȝ thouȝ fille Wid þi foule fleichs a pite [vr. pit], Of alle dedes thouȝ didest ille, Þat þou so litli schalt be quite?
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)270/315 : Ase heo ded lay..hou hire put miȝte beon i-maket, gret care þar-of he hadde, for þe eorþe was hard, and he was old, and none spade he nadde.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)382/191 : Ase huy wolden þis dede man in is putte do..he a-ros up fram deþe to liue.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11203 : A ded man me wole to putte bringe.
- a1350(a1325) SLeg.Cec.(Ashm 43)47 : Þis pouere men him teiȝte..to þe olde mon Seyn Vrban In an old stude uor-let þer as ne com no man Among olde puttes & burles, as me cristene men þreu After þat hi Imartred were.
- c1350 NPass.(Rwl C.655)145/1780 : Here puttes [Cmb Gg.1.1: Þe men þat had be ded to forn..a connen rise Hout of her graue].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Tob.8.13 : Whan þei hadden maad redi þe pit [L fossam], raguel gon aȝeen to his wijf, seide to hir, 'Send oon of þyn handwymmen & see she if he is dead, þat I birie hym before it waxe liȝt.'
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1401 : He seyde, 'freendes I am hoor and old And almoost, god woot, on my pittes brynke.'
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)9130 : He toke hys doghtyr arme..And byryed hyt..Þe nexte day þe arme..he fonde..lyggyng aboue þe graue..Þe þrydde tyme he byryed hyt And eft was hyt kast oute of þe pyt.
- (?1406) Hoccl.MR (Hnt HM 111)95 : Now I am so rype vn to my pit Þt scarsely I may it nat asterte.
- a1425 Al es bot (Glb E.9)62 : I hald him a grete fole & þat kan litel skile, When he seez þat he sitz opon þe pit hil, To take him any sektur gode or jl Forto dele his gode, i ne wot whartil.
- (1439) Acc.Bk.Carpenter Co.4 : Paide for ye terment of John syvile for ye pitte, knell, and dirige, iij s. j d.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)16449 : Ȝyf any had leyd a cors in pyt, Hym self fel þanne ded þer-myt.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)5372 : Vnto þe pitte goþ nought but þe careyne, And þogh gold were grauen þer-with-al, Naght myght it helpe.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1581 : Late men þat arn on þe pyttys brynke Forberyn boþe mete and drynke And do penaunce.
- (1454-56) Acc.St.Andrew Hubbard in BMag.31242 : Knelles, pyttes, and bequests.
- (1458-60) Acc.St.Andrew Hubbard in BMag.31247 : Item, Resceyved of John Barry for the pytte and the knelle of the wyfe of Stonehovs, vis viij[d]
- (1460-65) Acc.St.Andrew Hubbard in BMag.31394 : Item, Resceyuyd of Alison Jamys for the pytt and the knyll of Salmon Jamys, x s.
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.4915 : I be qwethe..no stoon to be steryd of my graue, but a pet to be maad vnder the ground sille ther my lady Schardelowe was wont to sitte, the stoolys removyd, and the body put in as neer vndyr my grave as may be wythoute hurt of the seid grave.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)897 : Wen they be on þe pyttys brynke, Than xall þey trymbull and qwake for drede.
- (a1483) Rec.St.Stephen in Archaeol.5051 : Thei shal..suffer no grave nor pitte to be made in the procession way.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)90/36 : We came bothe oute of..one moders bely, and so shalle we lye bothe in one pytte.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)390 : Hys gode hownde..Wolde not fro hys maystyr goo, But lay lykyng hys woundys..and konne hym thanke To make a pytt of ston..to berye hym.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)36/18 : Thay burryd an hounde with hym yn the pute that he was yn I-leyde.
- a1500 ?Rolle De Passione (Tit C.19)48 : Thou schalt be casten in a pitte vnder erthe; and todes, wormes, and snakes schal ete thi bodi.
g
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)187/105 : Heo setten him in a swyþe deork put þat in þe gayhole was, So ful of sweordes pointes i-piȝte ase Mede is ful of gras.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)75/1431 : A dede Beues binde to a ston gret..And het him caste in to prisoun Þat twenti teise was dep adoun..Now is Beues at þis petes grounde.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)4 : Hit is two and fourti winter..Siþen þou souȝtest þis put and to prison eodest.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.412 : I visited neuere fieble men ne fettered folke in puttes [C: prisone].
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.174 : Ac pore peple, þi prisoneres, lorde, in þe put of myschief, Conforte þo creatures.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)10.72 : The most needy aren oure neighebores..As prisones in puttes and poure folke in Cotes.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)9.1138 : He was delyuered to prisoun..and with cheynis bounde..in a pet horrible & profounde, Mischeeff with hunger did hym..confounde.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)4397 : He was..cast doun in to þe deppust putte Of þe gret castellys of Salisbury dunchone.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)8117 : The world shulde..haue ben..as a derke prisoun pitte Þat no light shineþ in itte.
2.
(a) A water hole, well, spring; pond, pool; also fig.; blind ~, hidden spring; milne ~, millpond; salt ~, saltwater pond; water ~, ~ of water; whirli ~, an eddy; (b) pit(tes water, well water, spring water.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)14/31 : Nim þæt water of þan ylcan putte ðe he ær of dronc.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)20/23 : Þa wæs ðær wiðutæn þam wyrttune an waterput, þe wæs to þam swiðlice bitter ðæt nan mon ne mihte anes dropæn ðærof anbyriæn.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)7965 : Þa þa water wes al ilædden & þe put wes ilær, þa comen ut þas tweien draken.
- ?a1300 Fox & W.(Dgb 86)71 : On auenture his wiit him brohute To one putte wes water inne..Tuo boketes ther he founde.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8465 : Hii..slowe so moni sarazins..Þat alle þe wateres..aboute þe toun were, & diches & puttes, rede of blode þere.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.26.15 : Palestynes enuying to hym stoppedyn alle þe pyttez the which þe seruauntez of..abraham þat tyme haddyn doluyn, fulfyllyng with erþe.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.429 : At Basyngwere is a welle..In þe welmes..Is y-founde reed splekked stones In tokene of blood reed Þat þe mayde Wynefrede Schadde at þat putte.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2981 : The wyn which he [Nebuchadnezzar] was wont to drinke, He tok thanne of the welles brinke Or of the pet or of the slowh.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)153a/a : A pitte is y-clepid puteus, and puteus is a lake ydigged and y-dolue & hath þat name..of potu, drynke.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)206b/a : Salt..is som tyme y-drawe out of salt puttes and ysode for to water torne in to hardnesse of salt.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)312b/b : Þerfore fissh fleeþ & voydeþ olde stynkynge pittes and welles and comeþ in to freisshe and newe.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)5755 : Hij founden many lake and pett Wiþ trowes and þornes byshett.
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)2 : Of the spekynge of oure lorde Jesu with the womman Samaritane at the pytte of water.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)402 : Pytte: Puteus, lacus.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)403 : Plasche or flasche, where reyne watyr stondythe, or pyt:..lacuna, colluvio, vel coluvium, plassetum.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)163/12 : Ye schall angle euery place where it is depe and clere..and especiall yf þer be a..wherly pyt of watur or a couerte as an holow banke.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)163/17 : Ye schall angle..Also in depe, stiff stremys and yn falles of watur and weeres, flode gates, and mylle pittes.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)277/15 : Half j acre lieth in the feld of the blynde put, bitwene the lond of Symond Reve and the lond of Roger Boneton.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)664/12 : Of the yifte of Osbert fitz hugh, one Salyne, that is to sey, a salte pitte in the wyche, the which is I-called a Cowe.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)25 : Þe welle mai not bring forþ of o pitte bitter water & swete.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)206/32 : On the morowe peple come for to drawe water at the forsaid pitt.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)152a/b : Watir springeþ and welleþ owte of the ynner parties of the erthe, as welles watir and pittes [L putealis] watir.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)153a/a : Amonge wateres, put water is thikkest and worste to defye ffor saltnesse of the erþe and for stondyng of the watir.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)217a/a : Þe schauynge of box..stauncheþ þe flux if..y-sode in put water [L aqua puteali].
3.
(a) A depression in the surface of an object, dent; also, a hollow in the center of a boiled egg yolk; (b) anat. a natural depression or hollow in some part of the body; socket; pitted scar; deep sore; also, a temporary indentation or impression in swollen flesh; arme ~, armpit; brest (herte) ~, the pit of the stomach, midriff; eie ~, eye socket; ~ of the bones of the tempeles, the zygomatic arch; (c) surg. a loop of thread or hair.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)52b/b : Þe additament þat is cleped ffoueale, þe whiche is liche to a pitte, mowe holde þe faster þe ende oþere þe heuede of þe arme in þe ioynte.
- ?a1450 Add.Mir.Virg.(Add 39996)362/35 : Þai fond þe ymage of oure lady Broken and defouled bodily..On þe ymage was many a pitte Þere as þe stones hade hitte.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)5180-81 : God made þe worlde of þe liknesse Of an egge..By þe ȝolke þat is innemest, Take I þe erthe þat is lowest; And whanne þat ȝolke is soþen hard, A pitte is in þe midward; By þat pitte þan take I helle, For it is ferþest fro þe shelle.
b
- a1275 Þene latemeste dai (Trin-C B.14.39)89 : Wose seiþe [read: seiye] þene feind hu lotliche he boe..As beit is heþe-puttes [read: heye-puttes; vr. eye-puttes] asse a bruþen-leit, Þat fur sprinkit þer-of wnderliche reid.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)95a/a : Fingre I-þurst in to þe fleische makeþ as it were an hole or a pitte, and þat pit ariseþ aftirward as hiȝe as þe oþir fleische.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)98b/b : A redy phisician..schal be ware þat no suche bleynes be I-broke noþir I-opened to fore..for icchinge..lest vnsemeliche and foule pittis [L cicatrices] abide in þe face alwey.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)217a/b : Þis flour balaustra..haþ also vertu to staunche spewynge if it is y-sode in vinegre and y-leyde wiþ a sponge to þe breste pitte [L furculum pectoris].
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)344/19 : If þou wolt regendre fleisch in a deep put [L concauitas] þat vlcus is, take poudre of thuris..& fille ful þe hole þerof.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4450 : Alisaunder him hytt bett Riȝth aȝeins þe herte pytt [LinI: put] Þat þe spere carf þorouȝ-out.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)30 : Some men seyn..þe boor..shal haue as mony smale pittes in þe forlegge as he hath yeeres.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)53a/a : Þe partie þat is vnder þe forseide ioynte is cleped þe arme hole oþer þe arme pitte.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)57b/a : Þe herte..haþ in þe midwarde a diche oþer a pitte [Ch.(2): denne]..in þe whiche þe grete norisschyng blode is diffied.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)125b/b : A man maie fele þe heued of þe grete bone of þe arme vnder þe arme pitte & þer is a grete pitte in þe schulder aboue.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)125b/b : In ane hole schulder when þe elbowe is drawen oute fro þe bodie as ferre as it maye, þer is in þe toppe of þe schulder a naturel pitte.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)45/5 : Muscles..mouen þe neþer iowe..some in schettynge, þe whiche discenden fro aboue in passyng vnder þe pitte of þe bones of þe temples.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)52/11 : Þe ouer roundenesse..entreþ into a box or a pytte [*Ch.(3): hole; L foueam] of þe schuldre.
- c1450 *Bk.Marchalsi (Hrl 6398)28a : Loke upon hys crowpe riȝt aboue þe haunchys, And yf þer be tweyne smale pittis of þe larges of þe palme of þin hand, þat betin upward and donward..ne tak hym noght on hande.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)190/601 : Þer with anoynt hym at the hert pit and also at the bake before the hert, and he shall be hole.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)35a/a : Þe blood þat is aboundaunt aftir þe sufficient nutriment of þe herte is y-sutillid..and is ysent vn to þe pitt of þe middil wal of þe herte.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)25b/22 : Apostume..is whit and nesshe so if þou puttist it with thi fyngur, thowe shalt make a pyt.
c
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)192/29 : A þrede nedelde be putte yn by boþe þe lippes. After, turne aȝeyne þe þrede by þe same hole vnto þere leue a pytte [*Ch.(1): ere or bouȝt; L ansa], in þe whiche putte one of þe hedes of þe pyne.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)449/14 : Take þe two endes of a womannes here or of a smalle..threde, and putte ham in þe eyȝe of þe nedel, and drawe ham out til þat þai make a maner of pytte [*Ch.(1): hanke; L ansam], and putte þe heres in þat pytte.
4.
(a) Hell, or some part of it; the Abyss; also, the underworld of classical mythology or some part thereof; helle ~, ~ of helle; ~ of depnesse; the muchel ~; peines ~; ~ bro, the brink of Hell; (b) fig. grounles ~, an unfathomable depth; also, ?a hopeless case [quot.: (a1393)]; ~ of deth, destruction; also, Hell; ~ of sinne, the abyss of sin.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12059 : Þatt hill..Bitacneþþ modiȝnesse Þatt warrp þe deofell all wiþþ rihht Ut off þe blisse off heoffne Inntill þe grund off hellepitt.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)49 : Non claudit super te puteus os suum..þe put ne tuneð noht lihtliche his muð ouer us.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)43 : Louerd, ne þaue þu þat storm me duue ne þat þe deuel me swelge ne þat þe pit tune ouer me his muð.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)112/11 : Ant he schal bidon ham, pinin ham wið eche stench iþe put of helle.
- a1275 Of on þat is so fayr (Trin-C B.14.39)44 : He bringet us alle in-to is blis superni; he hauet i-dut þe foule put inferni.
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)172 : He feol out of is heiȝe sege..To þe deope putte of helle.
- ?c1335 Þe grace of god (Hrl 913)191 : Al in helle were ifast, Fort Iesus Crist þroȝ is miȝte, Of þe pit vte he ham cast.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)207/9 : In zuyche liȝthedes wasteþ hare time and þeruore hi ualleþ..ine moche uoul zenne and ofte in-to þe pette of helle.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.66,67 : Hym was ȝouen þe keye of þe depe pytt [vr. put; F puiz d'abyme]; & he oppened þe pytt, & þe smeek went vp as a gret Oven.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Apoc.9.2 : He openyde the pitt of depnesse, and smoke of the pitt stiȝede up.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.170 : Vnder hym the horrible pit of helle open to destroyen hym.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1908 : Pride..al upon his oghne witt..stant, til he falle in the pitt So ferr that he mai noght arise.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1114 : Be Segne and Stige he swor also, That ben the depe Pettes tuo Of helle the most principal.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)5258 : He sagh a swyþe merueylus brygge Ouer þe depe pytte [vr. putte; F puz] gan lygge.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22055 : An angel, he sais, i sagh..Wit a mikel cheigne in hand And bar þe kai o þe mikel pijt [rime: writt].
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.256 : I shal punisshen in purcatory or in þe put of helle Eche man for his misdede.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)56/7 : For but þei ben as sori þerfore as euere þei weren glad, þei schullen lepen adoun fro þe piler to þe put of helle.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1540 : For thilke day that I..Be fals to you, my Troilus..Saturnes doughter, Juno..As wood as Athamante do me dwelle Eternalich in Stix, the put of helle!
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)6449 : For als a dalk es even Imydward Þe yholke of þe egge, when it es hard, Ryght swa es helle pitte, als clerkes telles, Ymyddes þe erthe and nourwhar elles.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.12.73 : For whoso that evere be so overcomen that he ficche his eien into the put of helle..al that evere he hath drawen of the noble good celestial, he lesith it.
- c1425 Treat.10 Com.(StJ-O 94)19 : Þe angel..ladde him in to aplace of paynnes, and þer was agret putt, & flamus of fyre ofte tymes comon out þer-of.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)171 : This cave was also as derk As helle-pit overal aboute.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)295/11 : So his sawle was broght vnto þe prince of Hell syttand opon þe pytt bra.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)17875 : And yiff that folk ne yiff me nouht..I curse hem in-to helle pet.
- a1475 Ihesu was born (Brog 2.1)40 : Herrod dyyd and went to hell..And yne þe depyste pytte he fell.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)50b/a : Jn þe middis of which erþe, as þe philosophoris seien, is þe putt of helle riȝt as þe kore lijþ in þe middis of þe appil.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)10.7 : Thai ere..as in a grete storme, dryuen in til the pitt of hell.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.187 : God schal..sendyn hem into þe pyt of helle.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)743/20 : All-myȝthy gode caste hym doun ffro þe hyȝeste place of heven vn-to þe lowest pytte of helle.
b
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)147/522 : Dauyd ous to wyten deþ In boke, þat godes domes beþ A groundlyas pet [Vulg.: abyssus].
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)54.26 : Þou, God..shalt laden hem into þe pitte of deþ.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ps.54.24 : Þou..god, shalt bringen þem doun in to þe pit of deth [L puteum interitus].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4827 : Bot if my wisshes myhte availe, I wolde it were a groundles pet, Be so the Siege were unknet.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)383/21 : Þei renne fro yuel into wors..& fro deeþ into deeþ, insomyche þat þei at þe laste comen to þe pitt of deeþ, wiþ þe worm of conscience which euer schal frete hem.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)67/19 : Vs awe to charge þe clethinge of his clerenes is als a growndles pytt, qwharfor we awe to dreed qwhils we ar in þis way, & on no wyse vnwisly to presume.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)43/20 : Aryse & heue vp boþe þin hondis to þi Lord of mercy, hym bisechyng..þat he drawe þee out of þe pit of synne þat þou so foule art fallen inne.
5.
Law The right to execute female malefactors by drowning.
Associated quotations
- (1275) Hundred R.Tower 2302 : Thomas de Furnival tenet manerium de Wirkesoþ de honore de Tychill, et habet furcas, pitte, pillory, tumberel..quo warranto ignorant & quo tempore ignorant.
6.
(a) In surnames; (b) in place names [see Smith, PNElem. 2.63, 75].
Associated quotations
a
- (1182) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames159 : Geruas de la Puette.
- (1206) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames238 : Eilwin de la Wulfpette. Ric. de la Wulfpete.
- (1209) Pipe R.Winch21/19 : Seman Pute.
- (1277) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames159 : Will. Bitheputte.
- (1281) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames128 : Jul. atte Marleput.
- (1282) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames159 : Thom. atte Puyt.
- (1296) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames159 : Joh. ater Puttes..Felicia ate Pette.
- (1296) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames202 : Will. ate Stonputte.
- (1296) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 1060 : Gilibro de Pettesgat.
- (1296) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 1098 : Henr' Putman..Willmo. Putman.
- (1296-7) Acc.Cornw.in RHS ser.3.6671 : Iohanne Atteputte.
- (1327) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames113 : Rob. atte Hurteputte.
- (1327) in Kristensson ME Top.Terms91 : Hug. del Watterputtes.
- (1327-8) Freeman R.in KRec.18189 : Johannes Piteman.
- (1332) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames116 : Will. atte Lamputte.
- (1332) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames122 : Beatrice atte Lympette.
- (1358) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames159 : Francis atte Pette.
- (1370) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames159 : Will. atte Putte.
- (1395) Will Court Hust.(Gldh)2.316 : [To Richard] Pytmaker.
b
- (1185) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.)290 : Petfeld.
- (1240) in Sundby Dial.Wor.114 : Hellepit.
- (1254) in Wallenberg PNKent276 : Bomepett.
- (1275) EPNSoc.4 (Wor.)353 : Grimmesput.
- (1296) Select Pleas Manor.in Seld.Soc.2172 : La Rede Putte.
- (1298) EPNSoc.5 (North Riding Yks.)107 : Sandepittes.
- (1301) in Wallenberg PNKent25 : Ate Pitle, de Petlee.
- (1332) in Wallenberg PNKent521 : Petwode.
- (1378) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)4.11 : [The said Alice has..tenements called] Harpesburne, Marlepettes, Latimers, [and] Halles.
- (1379) in Sundby Dial.Wor.114 : Putmedewe.
- (1385) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)4.184 : Le Gravelpette.
- (1397) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)6.195 : [A fee called] Putlond.
- (1397) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)6.197 : [He was also seised..of a vacant plot of land in the west part of the town by] Pygrymesput.
- (1414) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)7.271 : [3 acres of land by] Debyngputtus.
- (1446) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.)587 : Fullepett.
- (1452) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.)587 : Colpet.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. pit.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 3.(b)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. heart pit.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 3.(b)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. pit of the bones of the temples.