Middle English Dictionary Entry
pinchen v.
Entry Info
Forms | pinchen v. Also pinche & (error) prinche; p.ppl. i-)pinched, pinchit & (errors) i-pinchnid, picched. |
Etymology | OF pincier, pincer, pincher. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To pinch (sb. or sth.), nip; also, cause (the brain) to feel pinched or nipped; (b) to pain (sb.), torment; assail; of hunting dogs: seize the prey with the jaws, attack; (c) to squeeze (sb.), constrain; (d) to squeeze close to a boundary.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)39a/a : Þe superfluyte of fumosite þat comeþ of þe wyn comeþ to þe brayn & pinchiþ & prickeþ it & makeþ þe heed haue wel euele passiouns.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.Cock (Hrl 2255)126 : Brechelees beerys be betyn on the bare; Houndys for favour wyl nat spare To pynche his pylche with greet noyse and soun.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)751 : Bochours ben þei echon ȝour body to dismembre, And everich pinchen his part, þere paine is unended.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)22 : Thus wer thay ladd, pynched and payned, by all the stretes and thorowe oute Edynburgh.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)26 : The tourmentours on every side hym, withe hookid ynstrumentes of yryne, fuyre hote all red glowyng, thay pynchid and twynched his theghis, his legges..and over all his body.
- a1500(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Stw 952(1))16144 : With thy Toonges pynche hem so On euery halff.
b
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)112 : Naþelees in oþer lordis huntyng, who pincheth first and gooþ þerwiþ to þe deeþe, he shalle haue þe skyn.
- a1425 11 Pains(4) (Add 10036)135/12 : Ferþer more Poul sawe a fornais al brennyng, in þe whiche soules were ipynched wiþ seuen manere of peynes.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)1107 : To wo þat is wers wenden ȝe schulle, Whanne ȝe parten fro þis paine þat pinncheþ ȝou here.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)203 : Bi the throte thei tooken me to streyne me and harde to pinche me.
c
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)19/13 : Þei aren in cloþing prisoned & pynched þat, if þei oute schulen..hem bihoueþ be drawen out as an ele out of his skyn.
d
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.371 : Ȝif I ȝede to þe plow, I pynched [vr. picched] so narwe, Þat a fote londe or a forwe fecchen I wolde, Of my nexte neighbore, nymen of his erthe.
2.
(a) To pinch (pastry crust) with the fingers, seal by pinching or fluting; (b) ppl. i-)pinched, of clothing or a wimple: pleated, gathered, having folds or tucks; of a person: wearing tight-fitting or pleated clothing; (c) to crimp (hair), coil; (d) to pluck (an eyebrow).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)p.55 : Þenne make of þat ooþer deel of þat past long coffyns & do þat comade þerin, and close hem faire with a couertour, & pynche hem smale about.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)p.70 : Make a crust in a trap and pynche it & cowche þe flessh þerinne.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)442 : Make coffyns and pynche hom.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.40 : Fyrst make a fole trap þou mun; Pynche hym, cowche hym þy flesshe þerby..kover þy trap and hele hit wele.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.41 : Make a fole of doghe..Kover hit with lyddes, and pynche hit fayre.
- a1485 *Hrl.1735 Cook.Recipes (Hrl 1735)115 (f.17v) : Couche þi fars..; hulke it & pinche it & mak þi lowes.
b
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.151 : Ful semely hir wympel pynched was.
- a1425 Macaron.Serm.(Bod 649)2:223 (p.65) : Videbis in turre superbie sacerdotes prankyt, pinchet in togis suis sicut seculares.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)30/558 : Ȝif his goune be pynchit gay, He getis a salary.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)410 : Þogh I olde & hore be..And pore be my clethyng & aray, And not so wyde a gowne haue as is þin, So smal I-pynchid, ne so fresche and gay, Mi redde, in happe, ȝit the perfet may.
- c1450 When the son (Frf 16)326 : The forhede playn and wommanysshe To discryue my hert slepyth for faut of englysshe..No thyng pynchyd lyke a nonnys wymple, Ne forowyd drye lyke a nabbesse gymple.
- c1525 Rule & T.St.Francis(2) (Fst D.4)576 : And the brethern may haue mantellis of vyle and course clothe, not curiusly made or pynched aboute the necke, nat towching the graund by a hole spanne.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)66b/a : Men þat wonen in hote cuntre & drye haue hard heer & crisp..for by hete þer is I-bent & I-ryueled & I-pinchid [L corrugantur et obuoluuntur].
- a1425 *Trev.Barth.(Mrg M 875)74a/b : Suche a wyf is worþi to be preysid þat fondeþ more to plese here husbonde with heer homly wounde þan with heer gayly pinchid [Add: ipinchnid, read: i-pinchid] & wrollid.
d
- c1230 Ancr.(Corp-C 402)103/25 : Her to falleð..heowin her, litien leor, pinchin bruhen [Pep: browes whinering] oðer bencin ham uppart wið wete fingres.
3.
(a) To thrust (sb.); push, strike; ~ under, thrust or squeeze (a prying tool) under; (b) to stand, be placed; ?error for picchen.
Associated quotations
a
- a1425 PPl.A(1) (UC 45)9.88 : Pynche [vrr. punge, pynge; punchin; pycche; puttyn; B: pulte; Trin-C: Dobest is aboue hem boþe & beriþ a bisshopis croce; Is hokid at þat on ende to holde men in good lif; A pik is in þat potent to pungen adoun þe wykkide].
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)400 : Pynchyn: Impingo.
- a1500(c1400) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)70 : Wyȝt werke-men..wenten þer-tille, Putten prises þerto, pinchid one vnder, Kaghten by þe corners wyt crowes of yrne, And were þe lydde neuer so large, þai laide hit by sone.
b
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5064 : Betwene þa styes in a stound þat strekis þurȝe þe mountis He mas twa pylars doun to pynche all of playn marble.
4.
(a) To be niggardly or stingy; ~ on, scrimp on (proper weight), give short (weight); (b) to oppress with poverty; ppl. pinched, of limited means, constrained by lack of wealth.
Associated quotations
a
- ?c1335 Heil seint Michel (Hrl 913)p.157 : Hail be ȝe bakers wiþ ȝur louis smale..Ȝe pincheþ on þe riȝt white aȝens g[o]ddes law.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)1109 : Þat on was boþe curteis and hende, Lef to ȝiue and lef to spende; And þat oþer lef to pinche, Boþe he was scars and chinche.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4854 : Ther was with him non other fare Bot forto prinche [read: pinche] and forto spare, Of worldes muk to gete encress.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.2621 : Þus of good ay þe fyn is wo, Namly, of hem þat so pynche & spare For..Þe frute of good is to spende large.
b
- a1400 Falseness and couetys (Mert 248)6 : Ilke man in lande no[u] leris wyt falsedam to pinchyn and pike.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.314 : Sir, fairere þe wore, graunte vs þi curteysie, Þan parties pinched more, þe auantage set so hie, Þat þou may gyue with right, whan þou wille & how.
5.
(a) To cavil; object to (sth.); ~ at, cavil at, object to, quibble about; (b) ~ at, to quibble with (sb.); ~ at..of, accuse (sb.) of (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.326 : Ther to he koude endite and make a thyng Ther koude no wight pynchen at his writyng, And euery statut koude he pleyn by roote.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mcp.(Manly-Rickert)H.74 : He speke wole of smale thynges As for to pynchen at thy [vr. pynchen thy] rekenynges, That were nat honeste if it cam to preef.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.3522 : My maister Chaucer..Hym liste nat pinche nor gruche at euery blot.
- a1425(?c1384) Wycl.Church (Bod 788)347 : We mai not pynche at þis lawe þat God himsilf ordeynede first.
- ?c1425(c1390) Chaucer Fort.(Benson-Robinson)57 : Thou pinchest at my mutabilitee, For I thee lente a drope of my richesse, And now me lyketh to withdrawe me.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.5124 : Thouh the poore ha be victorious Off auenture to do ful weel sum day, Other ha pynchid to take his thank away.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.1163 : Yiff any man pynche at ther outrage, Or them rebuke for ther trangressiouns, Thei will ansuere with froward fals language.
- c1450(a1449) Lydg.Doubl.(Frf 16)68 : Wher-fore who-so hem accuse Of any double entencion, To speke, rovne, outher to muse, To pynche at hyr condicion, Alle is but fals collusion.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)4557 : Thow schalt be rekned with, heeraftir..Where as þou schalt not at þe acountes pynche.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.B.2535 : If ony pynche at hir outrage Or hem rebuke of his fals condicion, They woll answere with froward langage.
b
- (?1406) Hoccl.MR (Hnt HM 111)181 : I pynchid nat at hem in myn acate, But paied hem as þat they axe wolde.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5541 : Vlixes..Gan pynche..At Anthenor of tresoun and of gyle.
6.
In surnames.
Associated quotations
- (1130) Pipe R.Hen.I60 : Gerardo de Pincheneio.
- (1159) in Pipe R.Soc.135 : Gilbertus de Pinchigni.
- (1190) in Pipe R.Soc.n.s.187 : Hugo Pinch.
- (c1220) Cart.Oseney in OHS 90299 : Radulfi Pinchehaste.
- (1235) Close R.Hen.III222 : Robekin Pinchepape.
- (1262) Select Pleas Manor.in Seld.Soc.2183 : Nicholaum Pinchelanc.
- (1275) Close R.Edw.II202 : John Pynchepol.
- (1296) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 1085 : Alicia Pyncheware.
- (1332) Sub.R.Lond.in Unwin Finance68 : Robertus Pynchebaner.
- (1346) Feudal Aids 2286 : Johannes Pynchepol.
- (1428) Feudal Aids 5259 : Thomas Pynchepole.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1450 *Lordyngis leue (Bod 48)403 : And ȝif þe kyng in his lond make a taxion, And euery man schal be set to his porcion, Hit schal be so pyncheþ, foretold, and foretwiȝt [Why werre: forpinched, totoilled, and totwiht], Þat hit goþ more þan halfendel in þe fendis fliȝt Of Helle.
Note: Add gloss to sense 4.(b) ppl. pinched, reduced by grasping, encroached upon; = forpinched ppl. Note p.ppl. in -eþ.