Middle English Dictionary Entry
pēse n.
Entry Info
Forms | pēse n. Also pes, pece, pesse, pease, peis(e, peisse & pise & (WM) peose, poese; pl. pesen(e, peson(e, pesoun, pessen & pisen & (WM) peosen, peosun, poisen, pos(s)en & (early) pisan, (early, gen.) pisena & peses, peces, (WM) peoses, (error) pesed & pes(e, pece, peas(e, (error) pesce & pis(s)e & (S or SM) pose, pus. |
Etymology | OE; cp. WS pise, pl. pisan & Merc. piose, *peose, pl. *peosan; from L. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The edible seed of the pea plant (Pisum sativum); (b) grei ~, a variety of edible pea; grene ~, the immature seed of the pea plant; whit ~, a variety of edible pea; (c) benen and pesen, pesen and benen, peas and beans; also meager fare; col and ~, ~ and col, cabbage and peas; monotonous fare; (d) in proverbs, etc.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)93.50/3 : Gif he þanne on utsyhte sy, syle dicȝean on pisena wosa.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)120/1 : Ane dissuol of pesen..is no þing þet by worþi to be ycleped yefþe of kyng.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)7.285 : Þis folk for fere fetten him monye, Poretes, and Peosen [vrr. pesyn, peson, peoses, poysyn] for þei him plese wolden.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4409 : He wol ayeinward take a bene, Ther he hath lent the smale pese.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)233a/b : Among suche codware lupines and benes beþ grettest, and pesen and fecches ben mene.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)9.304 : Ich haue no peny..polettes for to bigge..bote two grene cheses..And bred for my barnes of benes and of peses.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)7.174 : For a potel of pecis [vrr. pesys, peoses, pese, pesoun, peosun, pece] þat peris hadde mad In helpe of heremites henten hem spadis.
- (1417) J.Dernell in Nrf.Archaeol.15127 : Die Martis, comyng home wyth pese and hey fro yo parsonage to yo hospital.
- a1425 Shrewsbury Frag.(Shrw 6)2/44 : But lo! a horn-spone haue I here Þat may herbar an hundrith pese.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)40b : Þere be vi levis and a white floure and white brode sede and hit were pese in coddys.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)504/22 : Avicen wille þat broken men leue..swellynge metes and benes, pisen, ote mele, and wortes.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)648 : He poureth pesen upon the haches slidere.
- (c1434) *Anc.Pet.(PRO)336.15865 : They..han wasted and destruyed..ix quarters pesen, xviij cartfull hey, and other diuerse vytayll.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)395 : Pese, frute of corne..Pisa.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)5 : Lange Wortes de pesoun.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)130/9 : Ye shall abyde with hir and ber her fellishipp, forto ete pesen and ploumes.
- (?1465) Acc.Howard in RC 57456 : In hotemel a barel, in salte ij barelles..and vij galones berhegor, ij barelles pesene.
- a1475 *Hrl.Diseases Hawk B (Hrl 2340)34b : Take federys of smale byrdys..or iiij smale peson & lat þi hawke take iij smale morcellys.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.45 : Take boyled water wyth honey swete, Sethe in þy pesone þat ben so sete.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)31 : To mak yonge pessen ryall, tak yonge pessen and parboile them, [etc.].
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)153a/a : Al maner potage, as pesen, almaunde mylk, gruel, ptisanne, wortis, & oþere siche.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)93b : A peysse [Monson: Peise]: pisa.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)369 : The asse sawe ofte sithes, how draffe, drestes, and benes, pese, and brede, was gyven to the swyne.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)91/1 : He had a dowe which he customed to eete peesen [vr. pesed] honyed owt of his ere.
b
- 1381 Pegge Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)p.92 : For to make Pise of Almayne. Nym wyte Pisyn and wasch hem and seth hem a good wyle, [etc.].
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2364 : As perle bi þe quite pese is of prys more, So is Gawayn..bi oþer gay knyȝtez.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)470 : Take grene pesen clene washen, and let hom boyle awhile over the fire..and bray a few of hom with parcel and myntes.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)5 : Take grene pesyn, an washe hem clene an caste hem on a potte, an boyle hem tyl þey breste.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.46 : For Gray pese..Þese pese with bacun eten may be As þo whyȝt pese were.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)111 : To mak pessen de almonds, tak whit pessen and wesshe them and sethe them till they hulle, [etc.].
c
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)43/13 : Leuere him was to eten benen and pesen and swilche unorne metes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)299b/a : Boles ben y-fatted wiþ..pesen and benen.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)9.307 : Ich haue no peny..polettes for to bigge..bote two grene cheses..And bred for my barnes of benes and of peses.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)6054 : Albary..was a castel off Sarezynesse, Ful off stor..Boþe of fat fflesch..pesen and bene.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)100/3-4 : Yisterday I ete cale and pes, & to-day I eete pes & cale, & to-morn I mon eate pess with cale, & after to-morn I mon eate cale with pease.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)241/21 : If ye fynd þar cale & peas & benys, & no noder meatt, latt hym com in with þe monkis.
d
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)248 : I haue a grett wonde on my hede..Ande anoþer þer I pysse my peson.
- ?a1500 Qworle in (Sln 1210)40 : Tho smallere pese, tho mo to the pott.
- ?a1500 Othea (Hrl 838)143/21 : Perles among pesen is foly to strowe Before swyn & oþer bestes vnresonable.
2.
The pea plant.
Associated quotations
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)229b/b : Þe seed þerof [broom] is bitter and blak in longe coddes and blak y-growe as it were coddes of vecchis oþer pesen.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)233a/a : Legumina..beeþ nouȝt y-gendred in hulles, as whete, but in coddes and beþ y-closed þer Inne, as it fareþ of pesen, fecchis, and benes.
- c1400 Femina (Trin-C B.14.40)28 : A waȝe of pesyn [F Vn varrot de pois] vppon recheit, And þyse beins in waȝes byndyþ.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.71 : Pesis [vr. peesen] ben divers from whete, as creatures diversen fro God.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)64/22 : Þare growes na corne, ne wyne, ne beenes, ne peese, ne nan oþer fruyt couable to man for to liffe with.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)4.68 : Cicera the blake is sowe in season, On erthes tweyne or oon sowe hem as peson.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)146/28,1,3 : Cicare..haȝt lewys lyk to pees and also it hat coddes..but noȝt so grete lewys ne so longe coddes as haȝt oþer pees..here seed is schape lyk as it were a pese.
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)44 : Þe secunde parte to be sowen withe lenten corne, as with otys, pecys, barly, & soyche oþer graynes.
- a1500 Merch.& S.(Cmb Ff.2.38)19 : And a beste come in hys londe, berley, pese, or whete, He wolde have a quarter of corne.
3.
In cpds. and combs.: (a) ~ bred, bread made from pease meal; ~ hole, the seedpod of the pea; ~ lof, a loaf made from pease meal; ~ mele, meal made of peas, pease meal; (b) ~ bough, a spray of the pea plant; ~ cornfeld, ~ feld, a field of pea plants; ~ flour, the flower of the pea plant; ~ harvest, the time for harvesting peas; ~ lond, land planted with peas; ~ mong, peas grown in mixture with some other plant or plants; ~ rek, a stack of harvested pea plants; ~ ris, ris ~, a stack of harvested pea plants; also, a stalk of the pea plant; ~ strau, straw composed of the dried stalks of pea plants; ~ wif, (?~ whif), ?a bunch of harvested pea plants; ~ wort, a pea plant; stouke ~, a shock of harvested pea plants.
Associated quotations
a
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)7.166 : He barst neih heore Ribbes, Nedde Pers wiþ a peose lof I-preyed him to leue.
- a1425 Roy.17.C.17 Nominale (Roy 17.C.17)657/28 : Panis pisacius: pesbred.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.69 : Þis sone coveitide to fille his beli wiþ pese holes þat þe hogges eten.
- a1450 PPl.B (Bod 814)7.194 : Peese hole [vr. pese hule; Ld: but if dowel ȝow help, I sette ȝowre patentes and ȝowre pardounz at one pies hele!].
- a1525(?1421) Cov.Leet Bk.24 : Allso, þat they bake & sell..iiij horselouys for a penny, up the same peyn, so þat they be made of bene meele and peise mele without branne.
- a1525(?1421) Cov.Leet Bk.385 : Hit is ordeyned..that euery Baker that Baketh horsbred shall make iij loves for j d..and that hit be made of good bene Mele and pese Mele, etc., withouten brane or draffe.
b
- a1300 Black Bk.St.Aug.(Fst A.1)208 : Item, de peselonde, vj d.
- (a1300) in Sundby Dial.Wor.75 : Peselonde.
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Cmb Gg.1.1)329 : Un warrott de pois [glossed:] a pese ris [vrr. pese reke, pese wiff, rees peys, stowke pese].
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Cmb Gg.1.1)404 : Pernez dunc le pesaz [glossed:] pese stre.
- (1325) in Sundby Dial.Wor.75 : Le poese lond.
- (1380) Court R.Great Waltham in Ess.R.13 [OD col.] 146 : 3 acres of peasemong & 3 of benemong.
- (1397) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)6.120 : [Wheat worth 9 £, barley worth 100 s., oats worth 40 s.], pesmong [worth 30 s.].
- (a1400) Doc.Manor in MP 3458 : Pesewort.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4703 : Hynt-anforþ hij seten, saunz fail, And hadden in her honde þe tail; Of pese-buȝth was her coroune.
- (c1425) MSS Middleton in HMC106 : On Holy Thursday even we orden the comyns of the Pesefeld for horsses to be broken.
- (c1425) MSS Middleton in HMC108 : If any man in peyse harvest..bynd a mornynge.
- (c1425) MSS Middleton in HMC108 : Nother comyn herd ne sched herd com' in the qwyte corn feld..ne in the pesse corn feld..to the pese be lad away.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)160/25 : Broum..haȝt a ȝelwȝ flour schape lyk a pese flour.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)276/13 : Richard Blunde yaf..to Henry Lesseberwe..viij acres of arable lond in the feldis of karsynton, of the whiche j half acre lieth in the peselonde, bitwene the lond of Robert Bagod and the lond of Robert Duzeper.
- (a1475) Recipe Painting(2) in Archaeol.J.1 (Sln 73)154 : That the vessel stonde hote, as in hors-dunge or in mattis or in good pese straw.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)183/2 : We chasse the enmyes as men dooues out of a peese feeld [CQ(2): pese reke].
4.
(a) An amount equal to a pea; the size or shape of a pea; (b) something of little value; counten at a ~, to consider (sb.) worthless; ne yeven a ~ for (of), care nothing for (sb., sth.); not the valour of a ~, not at all; not worth (half) a ~, completely worthless; profiten a ~, be of little profit to (sb.); setten not a ~ bi, care nothing for (sth.); the charge of a ~, the worth of a pea; worthen never ~, be completely worthless.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)93.50/2 : Þanne sceal man þisne wyrtrume ȝedriȝean & langnisse toceorfan on pisena ȝelicnysse.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)130.126/2 : Þeos wyrt hafeð sæd on grene codde, þe micele seo pysan.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)209/2 : A cankre..bigynneþ for to wexe in þe mychilnes of a fecche or of a pese.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)105/10 : Men fynden summe [diamonds] as grete as a pese.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)110b/a : Make hem [pills] vppe liche smale pesen.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)131b/a : At þe begynnynge it [a cancer] is no gretter þen a pese oþer a bene.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)157/17 : In þe rote are smale pelotis schape as it were Rounde pes.
- ?a1450 Arderne LW (Em 69)124 : Ther felle a sore..uppone the heed of the pappe, as it were a litill knotte & in manere of a pese.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)210/24 : Make smale ballis þer-of as moche as a pece.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)157/16 : And yowr floyt, ffor on heyr, be no bygger a pese; for ij herys, as a beyn.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)60/15 : Ȝyf þe wounded to drynke on þe day with warm ale, as myche as a pese at onys.
- a1475 *Hrl.Diseases Hawk A (Hrl 2340)28b : Þu schall fynde þer with in A rownde thyng as it wher A grey pese.
- a1475 *Hrl.Diseases Hawk A (Hrl 2340)31b : Knede all thes to gedyr & make hyr of peletis also mych as a pese.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)5.2.89a : Yit is it not endeles ne infinite..ne may not enclose with inne it selfe so many smale pelettes of the quantite of a smal pese, as this noble ciete may enclosen with inne it selfe of suche wordes as we seen.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)81/126 : My sorowes peysen not in her balaunce the weyght of a peese.
b
- a1275 *Body & S.(4) (Trin-C B.14.39)158 : Al þis worldis prude nis nout wrid a pese [vr. peose].
- a1300 Wanne mine eyhnen (Trin-C B.1.45)22 : Þanne lyd min hus vppe min nose, Off al þis world ne gyffe ihic a pese.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9123 : Vor he nis noȝt riȝt eir, it [vr. he] ne worþ neuere peys.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)5847 : By Mahoun, y nolde ȝyue a pyse for cryst ne al ys myȝte.
- c1390 Þe man þt luste (Vrn)3 : His purpos I counte not worþ a pese.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)5949 : A pese nys worþ þi riche sclaunder.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)7.154 : Wastour..countide peris at a pese [vrr. peese, pees, peose] & his plouȝ boþe.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)10.345 : Ich sette by pardon nat a peese noþer a pye hyle.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)403 : Þare sall na chanche þe chefe þe charge of a pese.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2370 : Loke quare it profet þam a peese, all þaire proud strenth.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)119/3556 : By my lijf y sett not here a pese.
- a1450 Ying men I warne (Sln 2593)p.271 : Thou art not worght half a pese.
- c1485(?a1400) Child Bristow (Hrl 2382)372 : Alle that for me thu dos pray, Helpeth me not to the vttermost day The valure of a pese.
5.
(a) In pl.: the eggs of fish or frogs; (b) a small infected lump in diseased pork; (c) a stone in an animal's stomach.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)124b/b : In march watir is nouȝt wel holsom to drynke, for þanne watir is namliche infecte by schedinge of seed of pesin and mylk of fissch and froggis.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)159b/a : Al þe eironn oþer pisenn þat ben ytouched wiþ þe mylk of þe male shal be ffysshe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)159b/b : Ryuer fysshe and fresshe of marys shedeþ more here pysen & ofter þanne an oþer fysshe.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)100a/b : Þis contagioun passiþ in to þe childe..of mesel swynes fleische þat haþ pesen þerinne & is infecte wiþ suche poisoun and greynes.
c
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)42/13 : Take a quike hare in marche and sle hym and take al þe bloud..and þe curnellys of chyrystones and gromel-sed and þe pise þat ys in a mawe..and put hym in water..and ȝif hit þe man þat haþ þe stone and he schal keuery.
6.
(a) In surnames; (b) in place names [see Smith PNElem. 2.66].
Associated quotations
a
- (1206) CRR(2) 495 : Rogerus Pise.
- (1207-8) Fine R.King John461 : Robertus de Piseleg.
- (1228) Lib.R.King John (PRO 62)85 : John Pesewamb'.
- (c1273) Hundred R.Tower 2714 : Robertus Pesewombe.
- (1275) Hundred R.Tower 1326 : Richard Pesemet.
- (1279) Hundred R.Tower 2660 : Reginaldus Pesewisp.
- (1306) Close R.Edw.I449 : John le Pesemarsh.
- (1313) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames150 : Will. atte Peshaghe.
- (1327) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 10160 : Alic' Posebrok.
- (1332) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 10327 : Johe de Pesemerhs.
- (1347) Reg.Edw.Blk.Pr.1.131 : John Pesewombe.
b
- (1166) EPNSoc.50 (Brks.)395 : Peseia.
- (1180) EPNSoc.50 (Brks.)395 : Pesce.
- (1195) EPNSoc.23 (Oxf.)84 : Pesehull.
- (a1200) EPNSoc.7 (Sus.)531 : Pisemershe.
- (1200) EPNSoc.23 (Oxf.)84 : Piselee.
- (1204) EPNSoc.23 (Oxf.)84 : Pushulle.
- (1226) in Bowcock PNShrop.187 : Posenhall.
- (1227) in Bowcock PNShrop.187 : Pesenhal.
- (c1240) EPNSoc.50 (Brks.)395 : Pusie.
- (1255) EPNSoc.17 (Not.)174 : Pesehyll.
- (1267) in Bowcock PNShrop.187 : Possenhale.
- (1308) EPNSoc.7 (Sus.)531 : Pesmersshe.
- (1385) EPNSoc.49 (Brks.)261 : Pesmere.
- (1417) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8512 : William Cunsby and John Mosse..chosen to dyssever grounde in Peseholm betwix Sir Robert Irton..and Thomas Duffeld.
- (1434) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.16 : vi parcellis of land..ycald Cukkowis, and þe oldelond liggingge in wighttersham, upon þe den of pesyndene.
- (1461) EPNSoc.23 (Oxf.)84 : Pyssehill.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 *White&Brown Uroscopy (Add 4898) f.117r : Vrine reed as pesyn broth þat is tokene of mechel euel in þe body of þe menysoun.
Note: New cpd. for 3.(a).
Note: Glossary: "pesyn n. pl. ~ broth 'pease broth'."