Middle English Dictionary Entry
penaunce n.
Entry Info
Forms | penaunce n. Also penauns(e, penance, penans, penanz, penonce, penons, penawunce, penawunse, penawince, penanche, peinaunce, painance, panans. |
Etymology | AF pena(u)nce & CF penëance, penance, penanche. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
Eccl. & theol. (a) The sacrament of penance or reconciliation; -- also personified; ~ of the chirche, sacrament of ~; bok o (of) ~, a treatise on penance, a penitential; taken with ~, to receive the sacrament of penance; (b) the third part of the sacrament of penance, satisfaction; the act of reparation or satisfaction assigned by a confessor to a penitent; also fig.; also, a penalty enjoined as a disciplinary measure by a religious superior; asken ~, to request to be shriven; dispensen of ~; enjoinen (setten, yeven) ~; leien ~ on, putten to ~, assign a penance to (sb.); afon (fon, fongen, receiven, taken) ~, accept the penance assigned by a confessor; (c) commune (open, published) ~; privat (prive, secret) ~; solempne ~; (d) don (beren, drien, driven, performen) ~, ben in ~, to do penance, carry out one's penance, undergo penance; (e) breken ~, to fail to complete one's assigned penance; holden ~, persevere in doing one's penance, maintain amendment of one's life; singen ~, confess one's sins; time of ~, a penitential season; Lent; person. performing of ~; (f) used analogically of pagans: satisfaction for sin.
Associated quotations
a
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)30/843 : Wane man..Heþ auȝt ido wyþ wronge, Penaunce hyt ys, a sacrement Þat scholde men fonge.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)31/846 : Penaunce heþ maneres þre, Þorȝ sorȝe, schryfte, and edbote.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)170/35 : Hit behoueþ þet he habbe þri þing þet byeþ ine zoþe penonce..uorþenchinge of herte..ssrifte of mouþe..ynoȝ amendment be dede.
- (1357) Gaytr.LFCatech.(Yk-Borth R.I.11)64/307 : The third sacrement is cald penaunce.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)127b/b : Quinquagesima..tokeneþ þe state of grace to þe whiche we beþ restorid by benefice of penaunce.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)10811 : The fourþe sacrament ys penaunce, Þat ys, for synne a quytaunce.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)25708 : Penance is þat toþer bord þat fletand flittes man ouer ford Quen schippe is broken oght wit sin.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)26796 : Sent Austin telles In bok o penance [Frf: penaunce] þat he sais es penance right.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28673 : It semes he has na repentance Quen he will tak wit na penance.
- a1400(c1340) Rolle Psalter (Hat 12)6/66 : What synne reves fro mans saule..penaunce restores.
- a1400 CMSoul (Bod 923)262 : Penaunce outeward is þe sacrement of confessioun of mouth and oþer bodily penaunce be satisfaccoun in dede.
- a1400 CMSoul (Bod 923)263 : In the sacrament of penaunce ben thre spices of penaunce.
- a1400 CMSoul (Bod 923)264 : Contricioun, Confessioun, and Satisfaccioun ben nedeful to þis sacrament of Penaunce.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.78 : Preye hym [God] of pardoun & penaunce be þi lyue, And for his muchel mercy to amende vs here.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)17.95 : Be he..baptized..And þanne plastred with penaunce.
- (c1434) Drury Wks.(CmbAdd 2830)76/6 : Be-gyn at þe sacrament of penawns þat stant in iij partis, þat is to seyne, contricion, confessyon, and satysfaccion.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)391 : Penawnce [Win: Penawynce]: Penitencia.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)491 : Thay prechen alle of penanche as þough [þay] parfite were.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)32/23-4 : As he dysseyuyd þe feend wyth penaunce & was sauyd, ryȝt so wyth penauns forsakyth ȝoure cursed synnes.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)172/24 : In trewe penaunce alle synnes..are don awey, þat is, in contricyoun, schryfte, & satisfaccyoun.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)10/28 : The sacramente of penance does a-way al synne, dedly and venial.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)104/8 : Penaunce [L Penitencia] getez life to the ded man and delyuerez fro deth at the laste ende; bot not so that he fele not peyne.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)306 : For the Sacrament of Penauns he seide..that a man schuld be schrive to his propir prest..it is no nede.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)11709 : Thys lady dame Penaunce..doth nat ffeynte To make..Instrumentys ffor chastysynge Off synne.
- a1475 Stations Rome(2) (Brog 2.1)31 : Frow sent paullis to sente austens..þer is euery day..þe þred part of paynance vndo, granttyd by pope vrban.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)93 : Þei þat seek bi noumbre of lettres..and figer of nigramauncy þe lif or deþ of þe seek..if þei mend bi þe penaunce of þe kirk [L Ecclesiastica pœnitentia] be recounsilid.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)2253 : He wolde..alle þe penaunces a-fonge Þat heo wolden on him legge.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)421/43 : Ech man him bi-þenche And to a fol preost ne triste nouȝht þat to luyte penaunce him set.
- c1300 SLeg.Oxf.Scholar (Hrl 2277)26 : To a frere he wende to schrifte, his penance to afonge.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)711 : He hem dede ȝern schriue..& penaunce on hem layd.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)770 : Loke þat þu be ofte shriue..And of þe prest tak þi penaunce.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)5/128 : We fangeþ penaunce For sennes þat we habbeþ idon.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.223 : Ful swetely herde he confessioun And plesaunt was his absolucioun; He was an esy man to yeue penaunce.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.991 : To Rome he comth to receyuen his penaunce And putte hym in the popes ordinaunce.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6699 : If I [Amans] be worthi to penance, I put it on your [the Confessor's] ordinance.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.139 : As a lewed Frere Whan he is put to his penance, Riht so lese I mi contienance.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)7191 : Hyt ys dedly synne..And penaunce harde þarfore shal go.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)7332 : Aske penaunce þarfore, And God..wul wele Forȝyue þe þy trespas.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22416-7 : Þai mai þam [sins] wit penance [Göt: penans] bete, Quen þair penance til end es wroght.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)26803 : He..asshis penaunce for þat is done.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)1 : He went vnto þe courte of Rome For to tak his penance & of his synnes dome.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)8.158 : Now haþ þe pope power pardoun to graunte Þe peple wiþoute penaunce, a pena & a culpa?
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1116,1131 : Þou may schyne þurȝ schryfte..And pure þe with penaunce..seche to schryfte, And he may polyce hym at þe prest, by penaunce taken, Wel bryȝter þen þe beryl oþer browden perles.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)6.196 : Comaunde þat alle confessours þat eny kynge shryueþ, Enioynye hem pees for here penaunce.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2392 : Þou art confessed so clene, be-knowen of þy mysses, & hatz þe penaunce apert of þe poynt of myn egge.
- a1416(c1340) *Rolle Psalter (Bod 953)Cant.Is.150b : Þu hast turnyd endeles peyne in to schort penaunce.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2131 : And he were alyue..and I schulde hym shryue..bitter penaunce pleynly he schulde haue.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)21/24 : Wid greting sal sho do, and wyd reuþe of herte, þe penance þat es laid on hir.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)34a(2)/b : Iniuengo [read: Iniungo]: to engine penaunce.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)80/25 : It behoveth him [the confessor] þat he knowe the kynde of the dede, & þerevpon to ȝeuen him penance.
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)469 : Now wol I seyn what penaunce thow shalt do For thy trespas.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.2072 : Themperour..With al the toknys of feithful repentaunce In lowli wise acomplisshed his penaunce.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)122 : Dyspenson, be auctoryte, of penawnce: Dispenso.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)649 : He..Prayid him for charite to ȝeue him penaunce For his defaute.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)725 : Wherfore penaunce thou schalt haue Jn amendement thy Sowle to Save.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2)808 : Ȝef he seyth he con hyt [Pater, Ave, or Creed] not, Take hys penawunce þenne he mot.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1237 : Bodely sche salbe pynd, And in hert penance sal sche lende Vntill sche wil hir mys amend.
- c1450(c1400) Rev.Jul.Norwich (Add 37790)66/9 : Than he takes pennaunce for ylke a synne, eniewnyd [read: enioynyd] be his domesman.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)286/10 : Ye shall bere this lady with you..unto the Pope of Rome, and of hym resseyve youre penaunce for your foule dedis.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Spencer 19)2.9.44b : The corage of man is so moche enfebled that they suffice nought now to bere the peynaunce in erthe so moche as it is due to the synne.
- a1500(?c1414) ?Brampton PPs.(1) (Sln 1853)p.2 : With sorwefull herte and repentaunce, Un to my Confessour I ȝede To schryve me clene and aske penaunce.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)2/19 : All þe synnys þat a man hath schryuen hym of, and taken hys penans for, schull be þer [at Doomsday] yschewet yn moche honowre to hym.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)75/11,13 : Here we haue gedrede oute of dyuerse bokis made by olde holy fadres..penaunces ordeyned by hem..in the firste let vs speke of penaunces þat are to be inioyned for fornicacion and avowtrie.
- a1500 Trental St.Greg.(2) (Adv 19.3.1)47 : God of þi sole wylle haue merycy, Bot panans I wyll gyff þe non.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.103,104 : Thilke penaunce that is solempne is in two maneres, as to be put out of holy chirche in Lente for slaughtre of children and swich maner thyng; Another is whan a man hath synned openly..thanne holy chirche..destreyneth hym for to doon open penaunce.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.105-6 : Commune penaunce is that preestes enioynen men communly in certeyn cas, as for to goon parauenture naked in pilgrymage or barefoot. Pryuee penaunce is thilke that men doon alday for pryuee synnes.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)26617 : O sin þat opin es and kid, Tak open penance and vn-hid.
- a1400 CMSoul (Bod 923)263 : In the sacrament..ben thre spices of penaunce. Oone is cleped solempne penaunce; Another is cleped penaunce publisched or open penaunce, and the thrid is cleped a priuate penaunce or a secrete penaunce.
- a1400 CMSoul (Bod 923)263 : That penance which is cleped solempne is penaunce that is youen or enioigned on Asch Wodenesday be the bishop in cathedral churches..for open cryme, or horrible synne knowen to all..penaunce publisched or open penaunce is..whan a man is enioigned openly to go in his schert, or naked body, or..with a staff to diuers pilgrimages, or..on processioun, [etc.].
- a1400 CMSoul (Bod 923)264 : Priuate penaunce is that penaunce which is done alday whan a man will priuely be confessed of his schrifte fadir.
d
- a1300 Hayl mari hic (Dgb 2)16 : Mi bon þu her, leuedi der..þu len me her..do penanz in mi praier.
- c1300 Body & S.(5) (LdMisc 108)p.51 : Forsake sunne..Do penaunce, faste, and wake.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)198/8 : Blac Nonne he let hire make, And teiȝte hire penaunce forto don, to faste and to wake.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)8 : Gilebert him bi-þouȝte þe Croiz for-to fo Into þe holie lond, his penaunce þe bet to do.
- c1300 SLeg.Patr.(LdMisc 108)636 : Ȝwane þov hast swuch penaunce i-driue, Siker beo þou þat þine sunnes al clene þe beoth for-ȝiue.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5101 : To sergi þe pope..to rome he bed him wende, & do þere is penance.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)92 : For þi sinne repentaunce, And redi þerfore to don penaunce Wid sorwe at þin herte rote.
- c1330 Le Freine (Auch)114 : Ȝete me is best take mi chaunce, & sle mi childe & do penaunce.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.97 : By þe twoo wenges..ben bitokned þe two lawȝes þorouȝ whiche þai don penaunce þat putten hire fro þe serpent.
- ?c1350 Why werre (Peterh 104)p.13 : Religion was i-maked, Penance [Auch: duresce] for to drye.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.129 : Contricioun is the verray sorwe..for his synnes with sad purpos to shryue hym and to do penance and neuere moore to do synne.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.573 : He shal bere penance as for deedly synne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)127b/b : Þerinne it is bytokened þat he dooþ ful penaunce of lente and ful endiþ goostliche þis lif.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1089 : Þou oghtyst to bere penaunce grym.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1780 : Ȝe shul be In penaunce þre days with me.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)18489 : Dos yur penance [Göt: penans] quils yee mai.
- a1400 Cursor (Phys-E)23497 : Haf neuer þi sin sa laþe ben, Þat þou was herof scriuen clen, And dryen penanz her of kar, For þaim na sal te scham ne mar.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)20.304 : Shrifte shope sharpe salue and made men do penaunce For her mysdedes.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)7.283 : Ich..neuere penaunse performede ne pater-noster seyde.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)21/28 : And ta þat ere in cursing, þai ah at dreȝe þaire penance wid reuþe of herte and be sari of þair dede.
- (c1434) Drury Wks.(CmbAdd 2830)76/9 : Do weel þyn penawns, makyng a-seth..for all þyn synnys.
- a1450(?1409) Vision Staunton (Roy 17.B.43)62 : Þat synne greveth god gretelich, and þou was never shreven therof ne diddest never penaunce þerfore.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)664 : And he be shreven, and repente also, and don the penaunce that longeth þerto, his Synnes forȝoven to hym scholen be.
- a1450 Dux Moraud (BodPoet f.2)231 : I wyl blely..Do penawns..To saue my sowle frow wrath.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)44/35 : Supporte the infirmytes of other discretly, so that thei be..redy to repente and do penaunce and to do the betture.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)132/34 : This is a good ensaumple how good..it is to be sorufull for synne, and ofte tymes to be confessed, & to do penaunce.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)28.3 : Crist..biddes thaim doe penaunce, or thai sall dye in thaire synn.
- a1500(?c1414) ?Brampton PPs.(1) (Sln 1853)p.9 : Thi soule in helle schal nevere be schent, Whil thou wilt here thi penaunce dryve.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)785/2 : For yf I do here penaunce, Myn hope is to haue euerlastyng lyfe.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)10014 : Þei þat..here..han not fully doon her penaunce, þere [in Purgatory] shal þei fulfille it bi-dene Forto make hem fully clene.
e
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)863 : For sche no held nouȝt hir penance [LinI: heo hadde brokyn hire penaunce], Sche was fallen in encombraunce.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2010 : Yn tyme of penaunce..yn holy tyme and halyday, Forbere þy wyfe.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)26771 : Þat þi stabil pes mai last, To crist þou hald þi penance fast.
- c1400(1375) Canticum Creat.(Trin-O 57)112 : Ȝif oure god dere Wile noȝt heren oure preyere..For þat we oure penaunce breke.
- c1400(1375) Canticum Creat.(Trin-O 57)212 : Why hastow broken þy penaunce?
- c1450(c1375) Chaucer Anel.(Benson-Robinson)347 : The swan, I have herd seyd ful yore, Ayeins his deth shal singen his penaunce.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)185/17 : Þe dewell will be besy euermore to tempe a man to breke is penaunce.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)240/25,30 : His confessur..enionyd hym for his penans þat he sulde neuer..eatt garlykk..& he had such a luste vnto þis garlykk, þat he brakk his penance & tuke þeroff.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)989 : These were her names..Confession, Contricion, with Satisfaccion..Performyng of Penaunce.
f
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)138/1 : Ȝit were it gretter Almess to ȝeuen it to þo soules þat don þere here penance.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)164/26 : Of þeise synnes it behoueth hem to ben schryuen of hire prestes & to paye gret somme of siluer for hire penance.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)4/7 : Men..of þe Cyte of Niniue at þe prechyng of þe prophete jonas dedyn penawnce for her synnys.
2.
(a) Repentance, change of heart; compunction, contrition; conversion, reformation of one's life; also, the virtue of penance, the disposition to repent [quot.: CMSoul, 1st]; psalm o (of, for) ~, one of the seven penitential psalms; weke of ~, Holy Week; (b) phrases in Biblical translations: don (haven) ~, to repent of one's sins, amend one's life; don ~, change one's mind [quots.: Jer.]; iturnen to ~; stede of ~, a chance or occasion for repentance; don ~ of (for, from), repent of (one's sins), be sorry for (one's sins); dede (fruit) of ~, a work or action indicative of penitence.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)135 : Fram palmesonne eue ffor-to Shereþorsday..me clupeþ þulke wyke of penaunce and of pyne.
- a1350 Nou skrynkeþ (Hrl 2253)41 : Betere is hire medycyn þen eny mede or eny wyn; hire erbes smulleþ suete..Of penaunce is his [read: hire] plastre al.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)681 : A god þing is humilite, Off him comeþ verray charite And penaunce, and eke shrift.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)29/17 : Þe uerþe [sin against the Holy Spirit] is onworþhede of penonce..huanne man ordayneþ ine his herte þet he him ne ssel naȝt uorþenche his zenne.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Pref.Jer.(Bod 959)7.75 : Ionas..clepiþ aȝeyn þe world to penaunce.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.49.3 : He is eueneriȝt godli in þe penaunce of folc, & he took awei þe abhomynaciouns of vnpitousnesse.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.21.29 : Afterward, he, stirid by penaunce [WB(2): he forthouȝte; L pænitentia motus], or forthenkynge, wente.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 5.32 : Sothli, I cam not to clepe iust men, but synful men to penaunce.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 24.47 : Thus it is writun..penaunce and remyssioun of synnes to be prechid in his name to alle folkis.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Cor.7.9 : Now haue I ioye, not for ȝe weren maad sorowful, but for ȝe weren maad sorowful to penaunce.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.253 : Som..wrecche of God..falleþ vppon hem for to þey amende her lyf by penaunce of [vr. and] contricioun [Higd.(2): tylle thei be contrite by penaunce; L donec per pœnitentiam conterantur].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)127b/b : It is a psalme of penaunce & is I-seide wel nyghe in alle þe houres, and þat salme is I-titled, 'miserere mei deus!
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7970 : An orisun..Hatt 'miserere mei deus'..Of al þe psalmes o þe sauter, þis psalme o penance [Frf: salme of penaunce; Trin-C: salme for penaunce] has na per.
- a1400(c1340) Rolle Psalter (Hat 12)6/51 : Þis boke..in þe whilke iij states of Cristens mans religioun ere signyfyed; þe first in penaunce.
- a1400 CMSoul (Bod 923)262 : Penaunce is vertue or grace by the which we hate or make sorowe for synnes that we haue done, with purpose to amende vs.
- a1400 CMSoul (Bod 923)262 : Penaunce also is a sorowe of þe hert & a bitternesse of þe soule for synnes þat a man hath done.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Judg.21.6 : The sones of Israel weren led bi penaunce [WB(1): othenkynge] on her brother Beniamyn.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)2 Par.37 : Treuli, Lord, thou bi thi goodnesse hast bihiȝt penaunce [Gloss.: that is, forȝyuynge synnes for repenting of men] of [read: and] forȝyuenesse [L poenitentiam et remissionem] of synnes.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.7.4 : What schal I seye of delyces of body, of whiche delices the desirynges ben ful of anguyssch, and the fulfillynges of hem ben ful of penance?
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)203 : Vnto penance it [patience of God] suld ȝow lede To mak a-mendes for ȝoure misdede.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)81 : Þe Badde Aungyl wyth Coveytyse hym gan asayle, Fyndende hym in pouerte and penaunce.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)39 : Wan such prestis see hem dispicid of þe peple, þei be þe licliare callid to penaunce.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)46/36 : Þe hool agregate of þese meenys for..þe last now rehercid grace is clepid penaunce, or, more propirly, penitence or forþenking.
- a1500 3rd Fran.Rule (Seton)53/11 : When eny of the brethern shalbe seke, the ministers must visit theim..stering theim besily to penaunce.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Kings 8.33 : If þy puple israel schul fle his enemys..& doynge penaunce [WB(2) vr. doen penaunce or forthinken her synne] & knowlechynge to þi grete name, coomyn & honouryn & preyyn þee in þis hous..forȝif þe synne of þi puple israel.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Wisd.19.2 : Whan þei..hadden suffrid þat þei shulde leden þem & with gret besynesse þei hadden sent þem beforn, þer folewede forsoþe þem þe deede of penaunce [WB(2): dedis of repentyng; L pænitentia acti].
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Ezek.33.14 : The vnpitous man..shal do penaunce of [WB(2): for; L a] his synne.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.3.8 : Do ȝee worthi fruytis of penaunce.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 13.3 : Alle ȝe schulen perische..but ȝe schulen haue penaunce.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 13.5 : ȝe alle schulen perische, if ȝe schulen not do penaunce.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 15.7 : Ioye schal be in heuene on o synful man doynge penaunce [L pænitentiam agente].
- c1400 Bible SNT(1) (Selw 108 L.1)2 Pet.3.9 : God..nul none men perysche, Bote þat alle men ben y-turnyd aȝen to penaunce.
- a1425(c1384) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ezek.18.21 : If the vnpitous man shal doo penaunce of [L egerit paenitentiam ab] alle his synnes which he hath wrouȝte..he shal lyue.
- a1425(c1384) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ezek.18.30 : Be ȝe conuertid, and do ȝe penaunce fro [L agite paenitentiam ab] alle ȝour wyckidnessis.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Jer.18.8 : If thilke folk doith penaunce of his yuel..also Y schal do penaunce [WB(1): othinking; L pænitentiam] on the yuel which Y thouȝte to do to it.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Jer.18.10 : If it doith yuel bifore my iȝen..Y schal do penaunce on the good which Y spak.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Heb.12.17 : He foud [read: fond] no stede of penaunce, al þof with terys he hadde souȝt it.
- c1425 Bible SNT(1) (Cmb Dd.12.39)Deeds 26.20 : I schewed hit..þat þei schulde do penawnce, ande þat þei schulde be turned vnto God, doynge þo worþi frutes of penawnce.
3.
(a) Penalty, punishment; a judicial sentence; also, divine chastisement; also, prison [quot.: ?a1400, 1st]; nimen ~ for, to accept the punishment due to another; (b) the punishment or pains of purgatory or hell; ~ of purgatorie, the sufferings of purgatory.
Associated quotations
a
- [ (c1290) Britton 1 (Lamb 403)p.26 : Et si il ne se veulent aquiter, si soint mis a lour penaunce jekes autaunt qe il le prient. La penaunce soit tele, qe il soint deschaucez et sauntz ceynture et sauntz chaperoun en pyr liu de la prisoun sur la nuwe terre assiduelment jour et nuyt. ]
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)432 : He scholde..don him in strongue warde..In penaunce and in pine i-nouȝ, his sunnes for-to a-mende.
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)270 : Ore louerd nam þar-of [sins] wreche..Onder þat treo is penaunce he dude þat he þarefore nam.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)64/1386 : He was..Lothliche driuen and bigrad Ase a þef..Gelteles he suffred þis penaunce.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.446 : Oure myghty princes..Han thus comanded..That euery cristen wight shal han penaunce But if that he his cristendom with seye.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Esd.10.2 : Now for þer is penaunce [WB(2) vr. penaunce or ponishing] in israel vp on þis, smyte wee couenaunt of pes with þe lord oure god.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.5299 : Hem..Be lawe unto the dom thei bringe, Wher thei receiven the penance That longeth to such governance.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.113 : Þo þat þe casteles kept, in penance þei soiorned [F en garde les ad mys].
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.303 : Þe erles of Scotlond þat atteynt wer of treson..þer penance was, þei suld go in pilgrimage.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.26 : He..can..prechen of þe penaunce þat pilatis wrouȝte To iesu.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)4.101 : Menye tyme hit falleþ That..gylours..haue here penaunce on pure erthe and noȝt in þe pyne of helle.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2123 : He schulde reseyue duely his penaunce.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Ecclus.5.17 : Schame and penaunce [WB(1): peyne taking; L pænitentia] is on a theef.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)95 : For blood drawyn of foot or of fist or of other debaat, be the penaunce awarded after that the betyng be perlous, and after that the trespas be gret or litell; And be that penaunce of prisonment stedfastly heldyn.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)2.2208 : To slen yoursilff wer a gret penaunce!
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)2650 : Þurh his..governaunce, Who makith a fray, or stryvith auȝt..With-in the same Cyte..hath his penaunce forth-with; for pardon vsith he noon.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)286/7 : This shall I gyff you in penaunce..ye shall bere this lady with you on horsebak unto the Pope of Rome.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)165/33 : Of othir mennys gilte I ber the moost sharpe penaunce.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)233/20 : As yit hath nat the penaunce of this synne chastised us.
- a1500(c1465) SEChron.(Lamb 306)63 : This yere Dame Elynor Cobham..was made to go throwe London, openly beryng a taper in hir hande by pennaunce enjoyned by the Chirche and the Kynge.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)37/5 : What is the cause thanne that He suffirth the powr and lowe subiectis bere the penaunce for othir mennys synne?
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)43/3 : Man ought to be redy to receyve the grace of correccion of penaunce.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)52/31 : The synnes haue moche lenger dured thanne þe penaunces.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)3227 : Euer þe richer þat he be, And he misdo..Þe more penaunce shulde he bere.
b
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1724 : Trentals..delyuereth from penaunce Hir freendes soules.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1080 : Þou hast synned þan dedly, To endeles penaunce wurþy.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2261 : Þoght y had space a day & a nyȝt, Alle þe penaunce [F peynes] ne coude y telle Þat y suffre.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.286,313 : A robbere hadde remission raþere þanne þei alle, Wiþoute penaunce of purcatorie to haue paradis for euere..suche lewide iottis Percen wiþ a paternoster þe paleis of heuene, Wiþoute penaunce at here partyng, into heiȝe blisse.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)2758 : A day of penaunce here [purgatory] May stand in-stede þar for a yhere.
- a1450 Deadly Sin (Cmb Dd.5.55)182 : It [temptation overcome] lessens my penaunce in þe payne of purgatorye.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)807 : Alle þe folius, folk, þat ȝe sain [read: fain] wirchen, Ben purchas of penance [L tormenta] whan ȝe parte hennus.
- c1475 Awntyrs Arth.(Tay 9)p.6 : God hase grauntut me grace To dre my penawunse [vr. paynes] in this place.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)271/18-19 : I am a sowle þat dray my penons her; and woldyst þou syng thrytty masses contynuantly, I schuld be delyuerd of my penance.
- a1500(?a1425) Chester Pl.Antichr.(Pen 399)515/684 : Penance and payne sone shall he [soul of Antichrist] fele; To Lucyffer, that lord, yt shalbe presente.
4.
(a) The practice of asceticism and self-mortification as a penitential discipline; a life of renunciation and asceticism; -- also personified; (b) discipline of ~, wei of ~; bodili ~, mortification of the flesh, self-chastisement; (c) an act of self-mortification or chastisement; self-denial; dede (werk) of ~; (d) reparation, amends; don ~ for, to offer sacrifice to God in reparation for (sin); taken (werken) ~, make amends; (e) austerity, frugality, simplicity of life.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)327 : In penaunce and In fastingue he was niȝt and dai.
- c1300 SLeg.Cuth.(LdMisc 108)37 : He was of grete penaunce; Þe holieste monek he was i-holde in engelonde.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5115 : King cadwal..at rome..In penance & holy lif liuede þere longe.
- c1330 Why werre (Auch)145 : This is the penaunce that monekes don for ure lordes love: Hii weren sockes in here shon, and felted botes above.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)29.11 : What profit is in my penaunce, þer-whiles þat ich descended in-to synne?
- c1390 Chart.Abbey HG (Vrn)360 : Þer comen mony sustren of þe abbey of þe holigost, boþe Pouert and Boxumnesse, Penaunce & Symplesse, Suffraunce & Meknes.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1649 : Heuene is bought..With tribulacioun and greet penance.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.10 : Ion the baptist..In strang penance his life he ledde.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.105 : Mirre..es of penanz graith tagening, Bot mirre bites..And penanz bites man ful sare.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)10877 : Gode dedes and penaunce Reysyn a man to repentaunce.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)prol.25 : In preyours & penaunce putten hem manye, Al for loue of oure lord.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)7.76 : To penaunce [C: penaunces] & to pilgrimage wile I passe with oþere.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)31 : Dame Pouert, dame Pitee, dame Penaunce þe þrydde.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)477 : What more honour moȝte he acheue Þat hade..lyued in penaunce hys lyuez longe Wyth bodyly bale hym blysse to byye?
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)88/7 : Penaunce and goode werkes plesinge to him moste be kept wiþ clene þouȝtes and chast loue.
- c1400 Vertues & (Bod 416)4 : Pouert & lownes is clepud loselrie; trewe prechinge & penaunce is clepud folie.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)129 : God sent þus James to Jerusalem..He was a man of gret penaunce; He dude his body gret grauaunce.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)3/1 : The þridde chapitre treteþ of..how a soule schal not putte his affecte..in penaunce principally, but in vertues.
- (1431) Plea Sharpe in RS 28.5 pt.1 (Hrl 3775)456 : Alle the wordely relygyous do nat the office of an hundred curates..ne lyve therafter in penaunce ne in bodely trawayle, as religyous shuld so do.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)584 : Lich a aungell he schoon, So britȝ he was for alle his penauns.
- c1440(?a1375) Abbey HG (Thrn)56/20 : Penance sall be kychynnere.
- a1450(?1348) Rolle FLiving (Cmb Dd.5.64)86/44 : Vayne glory..es ydil joy when any has pryde and delyte in þamself of þe penance þat þai suffer.
- a1450 Also take (Add 37049)16 : Therfore of salvacoun if thu sure wil be, The cros of penaunce thou take on the: That is be discret poneschyng of thi body.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)271 : And penance þat þai put þaime to Sal mak þam myghty.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)39/25 : They arn pore men and deuoute men of lyf, and leuyn in gret abstynence and penaunce.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)51/36 : In processioun liȝt schal go bifore þe crosse, in vndirstondyng þat lyȝt of wisdam schal go bifore penaunce, þat þe crosse bitokeneþ.
- a1450 Where-of is mad (Dgb 102)29 : Now I lykne mannys brest To presthod..In penaunce and in preyer prest.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)16064 : His gud frend con hym lere The fyrst iii nyghtes to do ryȝt noyȝt bot be in pennance and prayer.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)2468 : Thei [Gymnosophists] serueth God almyȝte In penaunce and praier daie and nyȝte.
- 1451-1500 Tundale (Wagner)2340 : He made the world no countenaunce, But ay lyved here in penaunce.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)5/19 : He was asket why he put hymselfe ynto so moche penaunce.
- a1500 Bevis (Chet 8009)75/1342 : Of bran he had a sympull messe, For to lengith with his liffe In penaunce and in moche stryffe.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.1059 : Bodily penaunce is but short and litel at regard of the peyne of helle.
- a1400(c1340) Rolle Psalter (Hat 12)6/61 : Þare in es descrived..þe disciplyne of penaunce.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)3/6 : Bodily penaunce & oþire bodily exercise schulde be take for an instrument to come to vertues, & not for principal affeccioun.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)223/8 : Oftentymes þei schulden offende þeir perfeccioun, deemynge oþire þat goon not by þe same wey of penaunce as þei doon.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)2/20 : Than sche..went..to hyr gostly fadyr, accusyng hyr-self of her mysdedys, & sythen ded gret bodyly penawns.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)189/17 : In fastyng & in bodily penaunce god takyth of vs sacryfise of a trubelyd spyrite.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)782/10 : Meke þe In þe wey of penaunce, and a-fore gode þou schalt fynde grace.
c
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (LdMisc 108)3 : Monek he was of harde liue..Of fastingue and oþur penaunce i-nov.
- ?c1335(a1300) Cokaygne (Hrl 913)178 : Whose wl com þat lond to, Ful grete penance he mot do: Seue ȝere in swine is dritte.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)26/4 : Þo byeþ fole ypocrites, þet ynoȝ ham lokeþ klenliche to þe bodye, and doþ manie penonces an guode..uor þe los of þe wordle.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)221/3 : Hit behoueþ þet he defouly and chasti his uless be hardnesse of uestinges and be penonces [Vices & V.(2): and oþer penaunces].
- c1390 Susan.(Vrn)210 : Of preiere and of penaunce was vre purpose.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.1053 : War thee wel that swiche manere penaunces on thy flessh ne make nat thyn herte bitter or angry.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.471 : Good is to save With penance and with abstinence Of chastite the continence.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)298 : Þys ermyte preyed nyght and day þat hys penaunce were take to pay.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)10874 : Þat werk of penaunce auayleþ noȝt þe whylys þat he ys yn synne.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4944 : Þe guttes hij eten..for penaunce and for discipline.
- c1400(1375) Canticum Creat.(Trin-O 57)189 : God haþ herd ȝoure sorwe..And wiþ ȝow acorded is For ȝoure penaunces sake.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)8.106 : Of preyours & of penaunce my plouȝ shal ben hereaftir.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)376 : Þay..Dropped dust on her hede and dymly bisoȝten Þat þat penaunce plesed hym [God].
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)6.84 : Preyers..and penaunce discret Ys þe leueste labour þat oure lord pleseþ.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)3611 : Þan may þe saules in purgatory..Be delivered..thurgh penance of fredes [read: frendes] and fastyng.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)222/24 : Þere ben somme þat parfiȝtly chastisen her body with riȝt greet penaunce..þat her sensualyte schulde not rebelle aȝeins resoun.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)89/32 : Þei þat arn gret fastarys & gret doers of penawnce, þei wold þat it schuld ben holdyn þe best lyfe.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)268 : Als to be anger or eremite, A-gains þe fend thurgh faith to feght With dedes of penance day & night.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)15/36 : To defoule þis wyntir roobe wiþ werkis of penaunce God hymseluen forbyse vs haþ ȝyuen.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1483 : Þai..Putt þam to prayris & penaunce [Dub: pennance] enduris, Þe vengance of þis victoure to voide if þai miȝt.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)185/4 : Here flesche..gretliche pleyneþ hym..whan sche feleþ first þe hardenesses and þe scharpe penaunces.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)3602 : To god þei fast con call and crye and dyd grett penance for þer plyght.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1243/6 : There she lete make herselff a nunne..and gret penaunce she toke uppon her..in fastynge, prayers, and almes-dedis.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)5482 : As Bede beres wittenesse, and crice [read: a crosce] ys penaunce..for what thing that may synne restresse, a verray crice [alt. to: crosce] may callet be.
d
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)4790 : Put vs to sum place penaunce to wirche..þat we miȝt a-mende sum of our mis-gilt.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.5.5 : Ȝif alife synne &..afterward vnderstounde his trespas, do he penaunce [L agat pænitentiam] for þe synne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)129b/b : It was Iclepid dies affliccionis, þe day of ponyschynge and ek of penaunce.
- c1400(1375) Canticum Creat.(Trin-O 57)97 : Go we sorwen..And for oure trespas do penaunce Fourty dayes withouten distaunce.
- a1500 Nicod.(4) (Hrl 149)88 : We schul take oure penaunce, for as moche as we wold not beleue.
e
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)5910 : Hij [Brahmins] ben men..Of hard lijf and stronge penaunce.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)291 : We ben to penance iput and poverte drien; We hold it nedful to nime þat nouht may be wastid.
5.
(a) Pain, suffering; affliction, hardship; also, a distasteful task or duty [quot.: a1393]; also, hunger pangs [quot.: Ben.Rule(2)]; (b) mental anguish, misery, distress; love-longing; also, vexation [quot.: ?a1439]; also, mourning [quot.: a1393]; don ~ on, to be grieved by (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1061 : Me greueþ more for Olyuere þan of my owe penaunce..of my wounde wyde.
- c1390 Chart.Abbey HG (Vrn)361 : Þer was penaunce I-nouh..he heng stark-naked on þe rode-treo for þe loue of monnes soule.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.286 : Wommen are born to thraldom and penaunce And to been vnder mannes gouernaunce.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.343 : The same Seint Paul after his grete penaunce in water and in londe, [etc.].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1669 : Bot he, which alle schame dradde, Goth forth in stede of his penance, And takth the fortune of his chance.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.1050 : Take into thi remembrance Hou Lazar hadde gret penaunce Whyl he was in that other lif.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.740 : Many a labour, many a gret emprise, He for his lady wroghte..But atte laste she..Hath swich a pitee caught of his penaunce, That pryuely she fel of his acord.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)951 : Ȝee [Adam & Eve] most leue þis lufsum land, Vnto þe wreched werld to gang..Ful lang penance [Göt: pining; Trin-C: peyne] þar to drei.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)256/34 : Þei leide þerto an oynement þat was good for woundis, & alwey þe patient hadde þe more penaunce [L dolor], & þe sijkenes woxe more & more.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.66 : Þis freke..Preched of penaunces þat poule þe apostle suffred.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)530 : Penaunce and payne to-preue hit in syȝt Þat pacience is a nobel poynt, þaȝ hit displese oft.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)133a/a : Take so as manye sticches as nede and conduce hem faste to gidere & knitte þi sticches, and þis is more durabel and lesse penaunce and off swifter worchinge þen þe toþer.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)96/24 : Þai will noȝt lat þam dye kyndely in þaire beddes by cause þai schuld noȝt suffer to grete penaunce [Man.(1): peyne; F peine] in þaire dying.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)9445 : Alle these lordes & the ladyes..Scholde him comforte In his penaunce And..do him legaunce And of his Angwis and his sekenesse.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2077 : Whoso hadde seyn his contenaunce, He wolde have wept for routhe of his penaunce.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)110/35 : He feyned & forbare a while & suffred a grete penance.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)9676 : Hys barons bed hym byleue stille Til he were warysched of his syknesse Or his penaunce y-swaged lesse.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1509 : Who so..salbe seruand May tak a sop wele be-for-hand, So þat þer penance bi not gret Forto bide til þe latter mete.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)7/35 : I wil þat ȝee as my priue..þole penaunce as I do.
- a1450 Pore of spirit (Dgb 102)74 : How of hem..Þat reweþ non pore þat han penaunce?
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer ABC (Benson-Robinson)82 : Ladi, thi sorwe kan I not portreye Under the cros, ne his [Christ's] greevous penaunce.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)8115 : Hit is..a choise febull, Leuer forto lyf..In pouerte & penaunce with thy pale fos, Then as a lord in þi lond.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)8503 : Haue pite on your pure sonnes þat mone..be..Exiled for euermore endles to sorow, Pight vnder pouert and penaunce to lyue.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)251/17 : In oure Lordes natiuite she [Mary] feled noþur peyn no penaunce.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)6355 : Him thoght slyke hete in him bryn Like to brinnand Iryn..he suffird slyke penaunce, he ran aboute.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)76/5 : For penawnce in a many [read: manys] flanke: Gadre þe sed of þe red docke, and stampe it, and drink it at euyn and at morwyn.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)65b/b : If..ony delicat persone..haþ ony wounde þat nediþ sewynge, and he may not suffre þe penaunce of sewynge, þanne þou schalt worche in þis maner.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)136/21 : He wondyd hymselfe in þe honde wyth his nalle grevesly; and so, what for ache and penance þat he had þerof, among his woo he called helpe of God.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.804 : O my Custaunce, wel may thy goost haue fere, And, slepyng, in thy dreem been in penaunce, Whan Donegild caste al this ordinaunce!
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.477 : They losten lust, they losten chiere; Thei toke upon hem such penaunce, Ther was no song, ther was no daunce.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1082 : His brother, which that knew of his penaunce..to bedde he hath hym broght.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.201 : I have herd told..which a labour folk han in wynnynge Of love..And whan youre prey is lost, woo and penaunces.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1671 : He told hym word and ende..of hire hertes variaunce, His longe love, his trouthe, and his penaunce.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)2 Par.37 : Lord..thou art pacient, and myche merciful, and doynge penaunce [vr. forthinkynge; WB(1): othinkyng; L pœnitens] on the malices of men.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4607 : I lyve in such distresse, That I mot deyen for penaunce.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.2798 : Onto hym it was a gret penaunce That Theseus was gon at liberte.
- c1460 Dub.Abraham (Dub 432)255 : Strecche out my nek, anon haue do, And put me out of penaunce.
- a1500 ?Ros Belle Dame (Cmb Ff.1.6)803 : Now, deth, comforth..And make schortyr all þis wofull penaunce Offe my pour lyfe, full of aduersyte.!
6.
A meager meal, penitential fare.
Associated quotations
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)897 : Þis penaunce now ȝe take, & eft hit schal amende.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)333/246 : Sir, we you pray..This nyght penance with vs to take, With sich chere as we can make.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)334/289 : Lo, here a borde and clothe laide, And breed theron..It is bot penaunce, as we saide, That we haue here.
7.
In proverbs.
Associated quotations
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)22/10 : Whanne I myȝte haue don penaunce, þanne wolde I noȝt, and now, þowȝ I wolde, I may noȝt.
- a1500 Lord what is (RwlPoet 36)37 : In pryde and pouerte is gret penaunce.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. penance.