Middle English Dictionary Entry
pā̆ren v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | pā̆ren v.(1) Also par(e, parie, pair(e; p.ppl. i)pared, etc. & parade & (error) ypede. |
Etymology | OF parer & L parāre. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To trim (sth.) by cutting or scraping off an outer layer, an unusable part, etc.; cut away (dead flesh); clip (the nails); prune (plants, trees); scrape or cut off the unusable parts of (vegetables, roots, cheese, etc.); (b) to peel (fruit); cut the crust off (bread); (c) to level (a floor); scrub or scrape (sth.) clean; (d) ~ awei, to cut (sth.) off, trim away (the outer part, rind, etc.); ~ from, cut (sth.) off (sth.); ~ of, cut, trim, or shave (sth.) off; (e) ~ adoun, to reduce (sth.) by cutting or slicing it off; (f) to chop (sth.) off; iron. shave (the crown); cut off (the head or part of it); (g) to clip (coins).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)52a/a : Þe nailes..ben I-kutte and I-parid wiþoute felinge of sore.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)128a/b : In lente, vynes and oþir treen beþ I-kut and I-parid.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)229a/a : Herbes..multiplieþ hemself swiþe faste if þey ben nouȝt ypared, y-croppid, and y-holde lowe.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)p.36 : Take Connynges and seeþ hem wel in good broth..with raisons, coraunce, and gyngyner ypared and ymynced.
- (1447-8) Shillingford85 fn. : A tree callyd an elme..ys pollyd, pared, and kut alle stondyng.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)52 : Skald þe Lampray, & pare hem clene.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)123/498 : Litel quyter..is uerei signe of ded flesche..take a rasor & pare it as ney as þou maist til þou trowe þat þou be at þe good flesche.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)102/274 : Take þe holyhokke rote parid and pound small.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)312/1028 : Take the rotis of ferne..and schrape heme or payre hem.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.18 : Take swynes fete and sethe hom clene..When þou hase soþyn þo fete ryȝt welle, Clovyn hom and paryd hom þer tylle, Lay hom on dysshe.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)52 : Paire tender ches and grind ther with.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)98 : Tak pouder of guinger or pared guinger mynced with annes in comfettes.
- a1500 Dream Bk.(2) (Trin-C O.9.37)82 : To se swyne, tokeneþ infirmyte..To pare or shaue nayles, angwissh or tribulaciouns.
- c1500 Lydg.SPuer(2) (Ashm 61)98 : Luke þi hondes be clene when þou etys þi mete; Pare clene þi nayles.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)2725 : In nailes and in skyn þerto..Pare hem and chippe hem at wille.
b
- a1325 SLeg.Patr.(Corp-C 145)705/236 : Len me a knyf, þis appol to parye.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)542 : Þe king..ȝede to mete; Bred þai pard and schare; Ynouȝ þai hadde at ete.
- 1381 Pegge Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)p.97 : Par aplyn and kyt hem to brode penys.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.367 : He..borwede a knyf for to pare an appel.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)p.89 : Take male Marow hole parade and kerue it rawe.
- c1400 Femina (Trin-C B.14.40)77 : Trenchez cest payn qest pare; Lez bisilez soient pur dieu done: Kerueþ þe bred þt ys pared; Þis parelez be for god yȝyue.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)7.227 : To pare an appil he axed a sharp knyff.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)383 : Pare frute: Peripsimo.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)384 : Paryd, as breede: Decrustatus.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)29 : Take an sethe an ij or iij Applys y-pede.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)30 : Take Applys & pare hem.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)1327 : Forto paren his pere, he praieþ hym ȝerne Of a knyf.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)62/156 : Take xx gwyncis and x wardons and payr hem.
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)733 : Þese oþer lofes he parys aboute, Lays hit myd dysshe with-outen doute.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)73/15 : Doth as he doth þat paryth ane apple for þe parynges, and the coor he casteth away.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)54 : Boille wardens or other peres, paire them and hole them at the crown.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)3559 : Heraude..hade eten & wold wende to par an appul.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)37/5 : As he pared an appull, wyth þe same knyfe he slogh hymselfe.
- a1500 7 Sages(1) (Cmb Ff.2.38)202/1085 : Sche paryd a peere þat sche wolde ete.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.14.41 : He shal comaunde..þat..hous to be pared [L radi] wiþ ynne forþ by enuyron.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)7.2 : At Iuyn a floor for thresshing thus thei make: They pare hit first, and lightly after gete Hit doluen smal.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Wisd.13.11 : If any crafty man..hewe of þe woode an euene tree & of þis taȝtly pare awei [L eradat] al þe rinde, [etc.].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.45 : Þe Affres..parede of his yȝe liddes, and made hym stonde so þere and wake to his lyves ende.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)237a/b : Þe tilieres of olyue openeþ þe erþe aboute þe roote & pareþ awey sliliche vnkynde superfluite þat groweþ aboute.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)263/28 : Take vij figis & pare awei þe ryndis þerof.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)3.532 : Now is to repare Rosayres olde & drynesse of to pare.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)160 : If y haue a fruyteful tre, which in oon or in summe of hise braunchis hath a canker..y ouȝt..pare awey the canker.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)2820 : Shal the preeste his wombe slytte..And pare the flesshe alle fro the bones.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)65b/a : Take a rasour or ony oþir scharp instrument & pare awey boþe þe brerdis of þilke wounde.
- c1500 Libeaus (Ashm 61)287/1201 : [Lamb: His fone weren full bownde] To pare of hys crowne [Bothe mayle and plate].
e
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)189/1121o : The ffleshe quyte he paryth a-down, Both þorow hauberk and akton.
f
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)13407 : Diomedes Ful wondirly the Troiens sles; He smot of hondis..He pared her chekes al aboute, That al here tethe fellen oute.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)5095 : And of som he pared so þe croune, þat helme and hed fel adoune.
- c1450 Lestenytȝ lordyngis boþe (Cai 383/603)p.72 : Beforn his aunter he knelyd adoun, Ther they gunne to paryn his crown; He sterdyn the braynys vp and doun.
- a1500 Bevis (Chet 8009)197/3939 : And Beues hitt Yuore with Morglay, That halfe the helme he can pare, Than myght men se his hede bare.
- c1500 Libeaus (Ashm 61)282/1712f : Tell þou me or we hens gon Or J suere be seynt Jhon That J schall pare thy croune.
g
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.243 : I lerned amonge lumbardes..To wey pens with a peys and pare þe heuyest.
2.
To cut or mark forms or shapes (on sth.); pared out of papir, cut and constructed out of paper.
Associated quotations
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1408 : Þe bredes upon brode skeles..were of sylveren syȝt..Lyfte logges þerover and on lofte corven, Pared out of paper and poynted of glolde [read: golde].
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1536 : Non oþer forme bot a fust faylande þe wryste, Pared on þe parget, purtrayed lettres.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)802 : So mony pynakle payntet watz poudred ay-quere, Among þe castel carnelez, clambred so þik, Þat pared out of papure purely hit semed.
3.
(a) To prepare (sb. or sth.), make ready, form; adorn (sth.); (b) to display (sb.); -- used for rime; (c) to dig or shape (a ditch); (d) of wine:?to ferment properly, become ready.
Associated quotations
a
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4208 : A barge all of redis..was done at his diuyse & draȝen ouer with hidis, Pared & parreld at his pay, pickid & taloghid.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)6.74 : Nature..Yaffe this mayde a speciall prerogatyffe, As mother parede to haue experience Only of childyng and fele non offence.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)67/2 : It is synne..to do so moche coste to pare the foule body, to haue the lokes and plesaunce of the worlde.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)291 : Forth gon they wend..in-to the herbery, ffor many a herbe grewe..And al the Aleyis feir I-parid, I-raylid, & I-makid.
b
- a1425 NPass.(Cmb Gg.5.31)140/1416 : With foure bandys it was ȝharid, ffor ihesu suld þare on be paryd [vrr. sprad, sperde].
c
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)2.91 : But lest the sciouns crokidly vp crepe And harmed be whan irons depe synke, Pare al the dichis euen, playn the brinke.
- (1442) Let.Bekynton in RS 56.2189 : They..have fortified the said cite with bulwerks, gunnes, engynes, and al other necessaire abiliments..and also skured and pared the diches.
d
- (1444) RParl.5.114a : Thei will not suffre the same Wynes to have his tyme of boillyng ne of paryng, nor kepe the tymes of fillyng, as yei ought to do..but thei lettyn ye Vessels lye unfilled, and so moch lakkyng, that it may not pare as it shuld if it were kept full.