Middle English Dictionary Entry
avail(e n.
Entry Info
Forms | avail(e n. Also availle, aval(e, advaile. |
Etymology | Prob. AF; cp. OF vaille. ME availe may possibly be the result of taking the OF phrase de vaille 'of value' as d'availle. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. vaile.
1.
(a) Benefit, advantage, profit; ben ~, to be useful or effective; ben litel ~, to be of little value; (b) of persons: worthiness.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1430) Let.Christ Ch.in Camd.n.s.196 : The berer..es proposed to Romeward..for certeyn matters touchyng my grete avayle.
- (1440) Visit.Alnwick359 : No greve, but rathere avayle, is procured to your place.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.850 : For auntis eek an oulis herte auayle is.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)3.497 : But xxx footis pose Vche order of from other..is thyn auail [BodAdd: advail].
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)156 : Profitable counseil into þe kyngis worschip or avail.
- c1450 Lydg.SSecr.Ctn.(Sln 2464)2459 : In poyntes of werre take thyn avayl.
- c1450 De CMulieribus (Add 10304)662 : The grene olyve she wyth in his pretens Rest and pece, the whiche is more avayle To euery cyte.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)191/13 : An eese, a profit, and avail to lerners.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)1624 : Therby libertee Receyued is with encreste and availe.
- (1463-4) RParl.5.503a : The assured availle and wurship of the Wolle growyng within the Reame of Englond.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)242 : The Kyng of Armeny cam onto Ynglond to trete of pes betwix Frauns and Ynglond; but it avayled neythir partye, for al the avail turned onto him self.
- (1467) Ordin.Wor.378 : To see yf eny avayle myght growe to the seid cite.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.IVMass (Trin-C R.3.21)45 : A werke begon ys of more avayle, Yef a good ende accorde well therto.
- c1475 Scrope DSP Abbrev.(RwlPoet 32)319/32 : A fayr rennyng ryuer, the which bryngeþe a-vaile to euery creature.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)93 : Alle the gode dedis a man doth..is litill a-vaile, but yef he haue gode ende.
- a1500 GRom.(Add 9066)300 : Yf thou chese one of thise, in the which is profite and availe, thou shalt have my sone.
b
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)518 : Ful riche ȝe ben and of ful gret availle.
2.
Associated quotations
- (1461) RParl.5.489a : That all Letres Patentes..be to the seid persone..of such force, avayle, and effect..as though the same Letres Patentes had be made..by any Kyng rightwisely reignyng.
- (1463) Doc.in Collect.Topogr.3259 : Thenne this feoffment [to be] in none strengthe ne in none availl.
3.
Mil. (a) Auxiliary troups; (b) a reserve, a supporting force.
Associated quotations
a
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)8110 : It is not skylle That I assente the trewes tille With-oute red..Off my baronage & myn avayle That ar with me In myn enprise.
b
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)13.475 : Ȝit kepte Tholome to his Availles..twey batailles That vppon Eualach Scholden Come Aftyr that the gret storm were done.
4.
(a) Monetary gain, income, profit; reward, remuneration; (b) a spiritual reward.
Associated quotations
a
- (1429) Proc.Privy C.3.343 : Of þe þriddes and alle oþer manere of wynnyng of werre..þe King shal have þe hool availle and prouffit.
- (1439) Papers Trevelyan in Camd.6719 : That my seyde wyef..make percell of the seyde maneris, londis, and tenementis, to the avayle yerely of xij markes.
- (1440) Visit.Alnwick350 : We wylle and ordeyne that the sekresteyn..hafe alle the advayle of the trees that growe in your kyrke yerde.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)392 : A benefice is..a riȝt forto aske..certeyn fruytis or sum othir avail into his fynding.
- a1450(1401) For drede (Dgb 102)91 : Þe more cost, þe lesse auayle.
- (1456) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2 p.56 : The Maire..shall charge..here successours of the revenewes, profytes, and avayles thereto longyng and apperteynyng.
- (1457-58) Acc.St.Andrew Hubbard in BMag.31245 : Resceyving for avallys of the Churche...
- (1459) Paston (Gairdner)3.151 : My forseyd executores shull take and have all the issewys, profitez, avayles, and emolwementes.
- (1464) Lin.DDoc.129/19 : Youre seide Oratours had neuer eny profyt ne avayle by the same advouson.
- (1464) RParl.5.549a : Hir seid husbond noon interesse, right, title, advaile, ne benefice to have in noon of the premisses.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)257/15 : Rentis, homagis, wardes, relefis..and all other availes that comyn out of the londe.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)280/22 : Theire goynges-out or availes to be had and to be holde to the said Petir.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)179/452 : Was neuer none borne by downes ne by dalys, Nor yit vs beforne that had sich avalys.
- 1543(1464) Hardyng Chron.B (Grafton)p.306 : Kyng Robert Bruys toke Robert Vmfreuile..and raunsomed for auaill.
b
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)400 : He schal not laboure in ydil neiþer lacke his avail.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)205/36 : Þe availis and þe effectis wherfore preising and preier weren ordeined schulde..be getun bi a fewe wordis.
5.
(a) commune ~, public benefit or profit, the common good; singuler (privat) ~, one's own advantage, personal benefit, private gain; (b) comen to non ~, to result in no gain, come to nothing; don ~, to do (one's) best; haven at ~, to have (sb.) at a disadvantage; stonden to ~, to be of aid or benefit to (sb.); (c) to ~, as an advantage or benefit; to litel ~, with little result; to the most ~, to the best advantage, most profitably; (d) for our (thin) ~, for our (your) benefit; to his ~, for his use or benefit; etc.
Associated quotations
a
- (1422) Doc.Ireland in RS 69274 : The said Erlle..hath suffered dyvers lordes..to absent þem fro Parlementz..takyng of þem grete fynes to his singuler avaylle, there as the profite shulde be your.
- (1435) RParl.4.490a : Suche persones..purchacen licences for yaire singuler availle, to shippe Wolles to Caleys.
- (1444) RParl.5.114a : To her singuler availl, and to grete hurte of oure Soverayn Lord the Kyng.
- a1475(1450) Scrope DSP (Bod 943)258/13 : The kinges of Grece were fulle besie..to make alle thingis that were good and profitable to the commune advaile [DSPhilos.: comon wele].
- c1450 Lydg.SSecr.Ctn.(Sln 2464)2223 : Comende that Officeer..that loueth moore prosperite Vnyversel of thy Regioun Than pryvat avayl to his singularyte.
- (1452) Let.Bk.Lond.K (Gldh LetBk K)346 : Everiche of theym, of his singuler availe, do fraude and collusion to theire cleauntes.
- (1464) Let.Bk.Lond.L (Gldh LetBk L)52 : They make theire Bere of unseasonable malt..for theire singuler availe.
- (1471) Mem.Bk.York in Sur.Soc.12069 : He shall forfett to the common availl of this cite..vj d.
- (1472-5) RParl.6.156b : Dyvers persones..for their singuler availe and profitte..purchasen your Letters Patentes.
- c1475(?c1451) Worcester Bk.Noblesse (Roy 18.B.22)59 : They were attending to the commyn profit, setting aside singular availe.
b
- (1428) Doc.in Sur.Soc.857 : Yair praiers suld stand John Lyllyng to availl.
- (1435) RParl.4.493a : Yis next ambassiat..shal come to none avail or conclusion.
- (1447) Shillingford34 : To do his avail whan he shall se his tyme.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)50/23 : Hym thought no worship to have a knyght at such avayle, he to be on horsebacke and hys adversary on foote.
c
- (1439) RParl.5.30b : The whiche encrece turnyth to no man..to availe.
- (1440) Let.Coldingham in Sur.Soc.12116 : That yhe do execution of your office..in setting of the landys of the said place to the maste avayle.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)780 : Oure money spente, all to lytell avayle.
d
- (1409) Mem.Bk.York in Sur.Soc.125178 : Before the tyme he be..approved for ane able werkman..to occupy als maistre to the avayle of the kyngys poeple.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3707 : That shal turne most to thyn avail.
- (1432) Let.Christ Ch.in RS 85.345 : For our avayle and recuryng of our ryght.
- a1450(c1433) Lydg.St.Edm.(Hrl 2278)405/479 : He chargith the..to thi gret auail [vr. vnto thyn avayl], For thi sauacion afforn to prouyde.
- c1450(a1449) Lydg.SSecr.(Sln 2464)100 : He was Ravysshed Contemplatyff of desir..to his goostly avayl.
- c1450 Lydg.SSecr.Ctn.(Sln 2464)2531 : Man which is feble of Colour, ffor thyn avayl looke that thou flee.
- c1450 Lydg.SSecr.Ctn.(Sln 2464)2545 : Noote this sentence For avayl of thy excellence Royal.
- (1459) LRed Bk.Bristol1.248 : For the availle of the Comynalte of Bristowe.
- (1461) Doc.in HMC Rep.3 App.313a : That oure lyvelode be emprowed to oure moost advaille.
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.4921 : He to haue the perlour benethe ffre to his awaylle.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)65/9 : To þe profite & availe of all þe couent.
- c1475 Why Nun (Vsp D.9)153 : For thyne avayle I am com hedyr.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)4259 : The pore man thought it was for his availe.
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)58 : To þer owne avayle, & grete hurt to þe lorde.