Middle English Dictionary Entry
autē̆r n.
Entry Info
Forms | autē̆r n. Also autier, -ir, -or, aulter, auȝter, aucter & alter(e, altar(e. |
Etymology | OE alter, altāre, OF aut(i)er, & L altāre. Derivatives of OE alter occur in early ME; of OF auter, from c1225 onward; of L altāre, throughout ME. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The altar of a church; also, the altar placed before the shrine or image of a saint; (b) heigh ~, chef ~, the high altar, the altar on which the Eucharist is offered; sacrement of the ~, the Eucharist; (c) heigh ~, ?the top of the altar, the altar slab.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)4211 : Ȝure preostess þeowwtenn nu Biforenn Godess allterr Off illc an mikell messedaȝȝ.
- a1225 Wint.Ben.Rule (Cld D.3)119/5 : Sona swa heo þæt ȝewrit uppan þæt altare lecȝe, beȝynne þis fers.
- a1250 Ancr.(Tit D.18:Morton)96 fn. : Awter [Corp-C 25a: Gað biuoren ower weoued wið þe miserere].
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1386 : He hauede..His offrende on þe auter leyd.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11114 : Þe godeman..to churche wende..& reuestede him bi þe auter [vr. weued].
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)7016 : His sone anon biri he dede In chirche bifore þe auter.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)49/1386 : He schel honden helde weter Þat serueþ to þe autere.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.133 : Silvester ordeynede to arere in alle cherches auȝtres [vrr. auters, auȝteres; L altaria] of stoon.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)306/23 : He knelede bi fore an Auteer.
- (1395) EEWills5/16 : I bequethe to the same Iohane..the towailes longynge to the auter.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)9950 : Þe bred þat sacred ys At þe auter, ys Goddys flessh.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)150/5 : At seynt Benetes auter in þe moder cherche.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)37/26 : Þe auters ben dyuerseli araied wiþ preciouse stoones.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)30/10 : Sho sal ga til þe grece by-fore þe autir, þat tabbes mai se and al þe cuuent.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.38/6 : The pore mane..prostrayt hymself afore the holy Auter of the Apostle.
- (1433) Will York in Sur.Soc.3041 : First I wite my body to be beryed..before ye Trinitee altar.
- (1434) EEWills96/10 : Y bequethe a shete..forto hange to-fore ij auteres in the seyde Churche.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)42/2 : Lay it appon an autre til ix messes be said þer-one.
- (1444) Will Daubeney in Som.RS 19340 : My body to be buried in the church of S. Peter the Apostle..before the altar of St. Mary.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)16/24 : The custom..in Affrik was to offer bred and potage and wyne at the aucteris where martires were byried.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15150 : All the apparail longing to St. Kateryn ys auter with hyr fygure steyned theryn.
- a1475 Stations Rome(2) (Brog 2.1)30 : In þe mynstur byn a C autorris, & at euery autur ys xxviij ȝere of pardon.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)16/19 : Arthur..took the swerd..and offred it upon the aulter where the Archebisshop was.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)8341 : For croices and aulterz hulet wer all whit blak thurgh that cite.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Patr.(LdMisc 108)12 : In þe churche-ȝerd is þat ilke putt..riȝt est fram þe heiȝe Auȝter.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)52/179 : In þe northhaf of þe heiȝe Autere, in þe walle bi-side, huy leiden þis holie bodi.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1826 : Vp on this beere ay lith this innocent Biforn the chief auter whil the masse laste.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.582 : They treten vnreuerently the sacrement of the auter.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)11092 : Þey ensensed þe body as þe hygh autere.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)593 : He herknez his masse, Offred & honoured at þe heȝe auter.
- (1413) Will in Bk.Lond.E.217/6 : Al-so y be-quethe to the hye Auter of the Same churche..xij d.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)3685 : He es Goddes minister..Þat þe sacrament of þe auter wirkes.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)14/8 : Þere dyede seynte John & was buryed behynde the high awtiere in a toumbe.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)199/34 : Þei..maken the sacrement of the awtier of bred right as the Grekes don.
- (1429) Will Braybroke in Ess.AST 5301 : Also an auter cloth..to be layed on the heigh auter euery heigh feste in the yere.
- c1432 Bishop Notes in PMLA 49 (Cmb Dd.14.2)458 : Þan went þei vp to þe high autere..And þe qweene of ffraunce was sette att þe Autere ende.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)115/11 : I beleue in þe Sacrament of þe Awter on þis wyse.
- a1450(a1400) Athelston (Cai 175/96)592 : Þey offeryd hym..Vnto Seynt Powlys heyȝe awtere.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)380 : I in þe sacrament Of þe auter fully bileue.
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)167 : Þou ministers at þe heghe autere.
c
- a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)720 : Hoc superaltare: a hye awtyr.
2.
(a) The altar of the Hebrew temple; also, any place used for the sacrifice of burnt offerings to God; (b) the altar of a pagan god.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)144 : Þatt allterr..wass sett þurrh Godess æ, To þeowwtenn þær wiþþ recless.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)14667 : Tacc Ysaac..& sniþ itt, alls itt wære an shep, & leȝȝ itt upponn allterr & brenn itt all till asskess.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)133 : Þe lif-holie prest zacharie..gede in þe temple..to rechelende þe alter.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)625 : He [Noah] made an aucter..And sacrede he ðor-on..Ilc seuende der of clene kin.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1325 : Ysaac was leid ðat auter on.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Wisd.9.8 : Thou seidist me to bilden..in the cite of thi dwelling an auter [L altare].
- c1390 Hilton ML (Vrn)277 : Fuir schal euer brenne in myn auter.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)127a/b : In þe satirday..sacrifise and offringe were..Idoo vppon þe auteris.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1443 : Þe aþel auter of brasse watz hade into place.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Gen.8.20 : Noe forsothe bildide an auter to the Lord, and..offryde brent sacrifices vpon the auter.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)1 Cor.9.13 : Þei þat serfen to þe auteer..hafe þer part of þe auter.
- (1434) Misyn ML (Corp-O 236)123/13 : My hart..in þin awter sal byrn endlesly.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)1185 : An Auter þer þei rayse to make sacrafyce.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)43 : Ozias, that was Kyng of Jerusalem..presumed to..sense the auter.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)168/196a : And þer mary offeryth ffowlys on to þe Autere.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)77/26 : Abraham made an auter of þe brondys and set hom on fure.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 17.23 : I, passinge and seynge ȝoure symulacris foond..an auter [L aram]..To vnknowun God.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1905 : He estward hath..In worship of Venus goddesse of loue Doon make an auter and an oratorie.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.229 : Þis signe stood somtyme to fore Iupiters auȝter [Higd.(2): awter; L aram] in þe Capitol.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4079 : Medea..gan to sterte and renne The fyri aulters al aboute.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)222b/a : It schulde be offred and ydo vpon autiers to plese goddes þerwiþ.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)325 : Þeryn he made an Auter Of þat fals god, sir Jubiter.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.863 : Whan þei wer rad or songyn..In þe theatre þer was a smal auter Amyddes set, þat was half circuler.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ex.34.13 : The auteers [WB(2): auteris] of hem destrye, brek togidere the ymages, and the mawmete woodes hew down.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1466 : Grekis nolde..encens upon hire auter sette afire.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)249 : Withinne the temple..I herde a swogh..That maden every auter for to brenne.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)88/6 : Ȝe bygge temples and makes autres in þam.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.PPeace (Hrl 2255)117 : Sibile cast hir look vpriht..and sauh an auhteer briht Callyd Ara Celi.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11672 : A ffygur full fyne..At the end of the auter etlit to stond.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)1312 : Jubiter he drew adoun Of hys autere.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)200/2 : He be-came a good man and destruet the auteris and oratories that he had edified to do his sacrifice to fals godes.
3.
(a) auter-cloth, a cloth used for covering the top of the altar during mass; (b) ?~ makere; (c) ~ ston, the top of the altar, the altar slab; also, an altar.
Associated quotations
a
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)163 : His alter cloð great and sole.
- (1386) Will Durham in Sur.Soc.239 : Et iiij Auterclothis meliores.
- (1404) Will York in Sur.Soc.4334 : Lego j auterclathe ad ecclesiam de Sutton.
- (1429) Will Braybroke in Ess.AST 5301 : Also an auter cloth of Paris werk to be layed on the heigh auter euery heigh feste in the yere.
- (1436) Doc.Merchant York in Sur.Soc.12947 : Lynnen clothe boght to be stenyd for auter clothes.
- (1444) Will Daubeney in Som.RS 19340 : My autercloth of Red tarteron with the curteyns..an autercloth of blak and grene.
- (1447) Doc.in HMC Rep.3 App.316a : ii auter clothis dysteyned, of the Assumpcioun offe oure Lady..i auter clothe of the Passioun.
- (1448) Pet.Hen.VI in Archaeol.168 : Item, for Ryngs to the Auterclothis.
- (1451) Lin.DDoc.48/1 : Araye the autarus & ouere sepultures with blak auterclothis.
- (1466) in Cox Churches Derb.p.86 : One altar clothe to the same altar made with flowers and braunches of golde opon hytt.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)6b : An Awtyrclothe: lintheum.
- a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)721/14 : Hoc lurthium: a nawtyrcloth.
b
- ?a1325(1297) Liber Cust.Lond.in RS 12.2107 : Thomam Torgot, autermakere.
c
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)128/35 : Þou hest ygladed symeon Wyþ þyne swete offrynge In þe temple atte auter ston.
- c1390 Treat.Mass (Vrn)627 : God..Þat prest receyuede bodile Vppon þe Auter-ston.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)18300 : Pirrus..al to-hewe him euery bone Ryght before the auter-stone.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)20 : Awterstone: Superaltare.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)1879 : Seynt Donston lette graue þis lettre in þe auter-ston.
- a1450 Serm.Pater N.(Cmb Dd.11.89)360 : Þare changede bred to god alone, þorw prestes wordes on þe auter stone.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)41 : Seynt Thomas was islawe At Cauntyrbury at þe awterston.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.PP (GoughETop 4)126/17 : The auter-ston bytokenyþe Cristis body þat was draw on þe crosse.