Middle English Dictionary Entry
north n.
Entry Info
Forms | north n. |
Etymology | From adj. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The northern cardinal point or its direction; aye(nes (into, til, to, toward) the ~, o ~, to the north; haven ani part of the ~, of the wind: to blow from any northerly direction; (b) bi (the) ~, to the north (of; from the north; of the ~, from the north; bi ~ and (bi) south, in every direction; everywhere; bi ~ ne (no) bi south, anywhere; bi ~ or south, anywhere; from any direction; naut. northwest and bi ~, of the sixteen smallest compass points: one point north of northwest.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)11258 : All þiss middellærd iss ec O fowwre daless dæledd Onn Æst, o Wesst, o Suþ, o Norrþ.
- (1236) Grant Dudindale in Archaeol.Cant.15364 : Duas acras de gavelikendia, jacentes juxta terram Petronille de Hoddesdon, que est versus Suth', et terram heredum Anselmi filii Alwaker, que est versus North'.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)345/12 : A-bouten eiȝte hondret mile Engelond long is Fran [read: Fram] þe South into þe North.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11410 : Þer wende of him a lem þat toward þe norþ drou.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)124/23 : Þise byeþ þe uour tours ine þe uour cornyeres of þe house of þe guode manne..Sleȝþe..wyþ þet yeast..Temperan[ce] aye þet zouþ..Strengþ aye þet norþ [Vices & V.(2): norþe] aye þe wyckede cheles, [etc.].
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 13.29 : And thei schulen come fro the eest and west, and fro the north [L aquilone] and south, and sitte at the mete in the rewme of God.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.1039 : Out of the North they sihe a cloude.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)137a/b : And whanne þe sonne is in þe souþ þe reynbow is..in þe north [L septentrione] and is neuer..in þe souþ.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)166a/b : Efferon is a litil hille in þe lynage of Juda aȝens þe north twenty myle fro helia.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22139 : Fra est to west, fra north to soth, He sal do mak his sarmun cuth.
- a1400 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Cai 231/117)p.184 : Norþe [Hrl 874: þe names of..þe childer..ben writen þereon..to þe northward þree ȝates].
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)88.12 : Þou grounded þe north [L aquilonem] to be.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)4281 : Fra þe southe til þe north, alswa His lawes and his power sal ga.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.m.6.25 : And ek this Nero governyde by ceptre all the peples that ben undir the colde sterres that highten the Septem Tryones. (This is to seyn he governede alle the peples that ben under the partye of the north.)
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)1.15.4 : The wombe syde of thyn Astrelabie is also divided with a longe croys in 4 quarters from est to west, fro southe to northe.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)58 : A rede wynde..Nathannys naue a-non on norþ dryueþ.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)167/5 : And yf the wynde þat sesan haue any parte of þe northe, þe wetur þen ys good.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)2670 : First the foure cardinals arowe Be knowe, as Est & West & North & South.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)86b : Northe: Aquilo, borias.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)29039 : We..wunieð inne Brutaine bi norðe þere Humbre.
- c1300 SLeg.Oxf.Scholar (Hrl 2277)1 : A kniȝt þer was in Engelond, by norþe her biside.
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.412 : Þai miȝt him no-whar fende Bi norþ no bi souþe.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.57 : Þe grete see Ponticus þat passeþ by north by Thracia.
- c1390 Susan.(Vrn)255 : Was..neuer a soriore siht bi norþ ne bi souþ.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)12131 : Who herde euer suche ferly Of any mon bi norþ or souþ.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)161 : For men seiþ by north and south Wymmen beeþ euere selcouþ.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2002 : Clowdes kesten kenly þe colde to þe erþe Wyth nyȝe in-noghe of þe norþe, þe naked to tene.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.31.3 : Thou must first considere that the sonne arisith not alwey verrey est, but somtyme by northe the est and somtyme by south the est.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)169/3 : Yf..a..wynde..be by the northe or northe Est or sowthe est..the fysche wyll not commynly byte.
- ?c1475 Direct.Sailing in Hak.Soc.79 (Lnsd 285)14 : Seint Mary of Cille and Uschante lien northwest and by north.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)135 : Well swyde sprong hys name, Be norþ and be souþe.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)37/477 : What fowll best myght..bryng..Of mercy som tokynyng Ayther bi north or southe?
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)71/26 : That was the name of a stone, that lay ouer a streme by north the churchey of Seynte dauyes.
- a1605(?a1500) Lond.Lickpenny (Hrl 542)29 : I..seyd..by nowrd and by sowde I am defraudyd with great falshed.
2.
(a) A northern region; the northern regions of the world; (b) the northern part of Britain, esp. the region beyond the Humber; -- also in surn.; (c) the northern part of heaven; (d) the northern sky.
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 A Mayde Cristes (Jes-O 29)100 : Alle heo beoþ to his honde, est, & west, norþ, and suþ.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3657 : Nero..This wide world hadde in subieccioun Bothe Est and West, North and Septemtrioun.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)18.162 : Out of þe nippe of þe north, nouȝt ful fer hennes, Riȝtwisnesse come rennynge.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)6b : Þilke þat dwellen in þe North, fer fro þe hete of þe sonne, þey ben noȝt so wyse of counseil..but þei ben more habundaunt, ful of blood and þerfore..more hardy and bolde.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2134 : Locrines mær eode suð & east; Albanac hefde al þat norð.
- (1230) in Pipe R.Soc.n.s.4355 : Aylmarus del North.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)2659 : He..eode forþ an droþ him in to þat norþ, a þeos alf Scotlond.
- (1374) in Rymer's Foedera (1816-69)3.1006 : In quibuscumque portubus et locis infra admiratum de la North existentes.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.163 : Þey beeþ more in þe souþ contrey þan in þe norþ [Higd.(2): northe partes; L partibus..borealibus], for hit may be better corne londe.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4015 : Of oon toun were they born that highte Strother Fer in the north I kan noght telle where.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.33 : He exilde þam out of þe North.
- ?1457 Hardyng Chron.A (Lnsd 204)p.746 : A beter lorde I trow God neuer yit sent Into the north.
- c1460 I warne you (Dub 432)p.293 : All the lordes of the northe..wrought..For to stroy the sowthe cuntre.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)27/28 : They of the Northe were well comforted.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)16/38 : Arthur wan alle the North, Scotland, and alle that were under their obeissaunce, also Walys.
c
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5848 : Þo[r]uȝ his pride..He..set his se Hiȝe in þe northe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)4411 : He said of hym selfe his sete he wold make ffull noble in þe north.
d
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)1.21.22 : Thilke sterres that ben clepid sterres of the north arisen rather than the degre of her longitude.
3.
The north wind.
Associated quotations
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)SSol.4.16 : Rijs north [WB(2): north wynd; vr. northerne wynd; L aquilo] & cum south; blowe þurȝ my garden, & þer shul flowen swote spices of it.