Middle English Dictionary Entry
next(e adj.
Entry Info
Forms | next(e adj. Also nexst(e, nextie, nekste, necst, nehst, neghst, nexit, nekist, nex, (chiefly SW, SM, or K) nixt(e & nẹ̄st(e, nist, (sg. gen.) nestes, (chiefly N) neist(e & (early) næxte, (early infl. & weak) nexten, nexta(n, nextæ, nextum, nehstan, (early S & SW) nixten, nixtæn, nihstan. |
Etymology | OE; cp. WS nēah, A nēh, adj., adv., prep., & substantival adj.; sup. WS nīehst(a, nīhsta, nȳhst(a, nēahst, nēhst & A nēst(a, (rarely) nēhst, (Nhb.) nēista. Some forms show influence of ME neigh . When followed by tō- phr., the adj. is often difficult to distinguish from the adv. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Nearest in position or distance; neighboring, adjacent, contiguous; closest (to sb., sth., or a place); ~ wei, the most direct route, shortest way; (b) closest (to profits or benefits); (c) of days, months, etc.: closest in time, immediately following or forthcoming; (d) of circumstances, occasions, activities, and the like: next ensuing; most imminent; also, immediately preceding, recent; ~ at (to) honde [see hond(e ld.]; (e) in sayings.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)25383 : Þe seolue Rom-leode wende to-gadere þat weren nexste [Clg: at nexte], of Rome þe hexste.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11735 : Þe harde here was is lich þe nexte wede.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)437 : He þoute þe nekste weie to ride.
- ?a1350 SLeg.Guth.(Corp-C 145)16 : Þo com þer out a womman of þe nexte hous þere.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2614 : Folwe hem durst þei no ferre for a gret werre þat was wonderli hard in þe next londe.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mark 1.38 : Go we in to the nexte [L proximos] townes and citees.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2365 : Hoom she gooth anoon the nexte [vrr. next, nest, neste] weye.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.293 : Ȝif þe water of þat welle is..i-helte vppon a stoon þat is next to þe welle..anon it schal rayne.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.398 : To the nexte citee ther bisyde A softe paas solempnely they ryde.
- (1392) Will in Bk.Lond.E.210/6 : Ieo volle que..þay be of þe same parche, and Of Petris & Cristoforys, or of oþer next þer by.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1964 : Whanne I wende next have be..Thanne was I furthest ate laste.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4910 : He nam The nexte weie til he cam Unto Collacea.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)181a/b : Spayne..is biclippide nyȝe alle aboute with þe see and is nyȝe alle an Ilonde; þe next [L propior] corner þerof is estward.
- a1400(c1250) Floris (Eg 2862)145 : At þe next hauen þat here is, Þer ben chapmen ryche ywys.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.247 : He..ladde his knyȝtes..To þe Grekis holdyng þe nexte weye.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)112/14 : Who-so had a trewe desire for to be at heuyn, þen þat same tyme he were in heuen goostly; For þe hiȝe & þe nexte wey þeder is ronne by desires.
- a1425 Direct.Laces in Studies Robbins (Hrl 2320)97 : Þen schal ȝe change þe ouer bowys of ȝowre next hond yn þe manere of þe þyn lace bordred.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.6.28 : He that thow wenest be glorious..semeth in the nexte [L proxima] partie of the erthes to ben withouten glorie.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)56a/a : Vena cephalica..goeþ towarde þe vtter partie off þe honde to þat he schewe þer atwixe þe þoumbe and þe nextie partie off þe þoumbe.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)73b/a : Þe arterie off þee honde..is leten blood atwixe þe þoumbe and þe ffynger next to þe þoumbe.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)299/33 : Humours..ben drawen fro al þe body and fro þe nexte [*Ch.(1): nyȝ; L vicinantibus] membres.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2481 : Hom he goth the nexte wey he myghte.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)354 : Next, or moost ny [Win: Neest]: Proximus, propinquissimus.
- c1450(c1385) Chaucer Mars (Benson-Robinson)54 : By her bothe assent was set a stevene That Mars shal entre..Into hir [Venus'] nexte paleys.
- c1450 Battlefield Gram.(Trin-C O.5.4)120 : The verbe and the relatyf and the adiectyf schall acord wyth the nexte nominatyf case in construccion of zeuma, as vir et mulier est bona.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)1928 : There ben three citees in þat staunce..Seneglaunce and eke Fladrin And Polimpe next to hym.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)1943 : They..went forth..The next wey..to Hanybaldis plase.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)1.293 : There is a welle..the water of whom..caste on the nexte ston to hit..hit schalle reyne anoon.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)48a/b : The laste spere of alle & þe nexte to þe erþe of þese seuene planetis is þe spere of þe moone.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)87a/a : If þe wounde be in a litil membre, it schulde be kutt of al at þe nexte ioynct abouen þe corrupcioun.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)86a : Nexte: Citimus, proximus.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)278 : Launcelot hytte hym on the hode; The nexte way to ground he chese.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)1894 : The Sowdon sent his letters owt..To kynges and to princes..The nexst that were marching on euery side.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)741/10 : Fro þe next Cyte I come.
b
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)183/17 : Dyuers rekken neuer hoo hath the seigneurie so that they be next to the profites and fer from the losses.
c
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)211/7 : Ȝef..ȝe ne beon nawt ihuslet i þeose isette tearmes, beoð hit þe neste [Nero: nexte] sunne dei.
- c1300 Horn (LdMisc 108)6/102 : Þou scald more wexe In þis fif yere þe nexte.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)890 : For-to þe nexte daie we biddez furst þat ȝe it graunti nouþe ene.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3791 : Oðer day ðor was nest, Agenes moyses and is prest Gan al ðis folc wið wreðe gon.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9540 : In þe nexte ȝer anon, In endleue hondred ȝer..and vifti and on, Deide geffre plantaginet.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2003 : Ysonde þe nexst niȝt Crid, 'mark, þi nore.''
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2367 : The nexte houre of Mars folwynge this Arcite vnto the temple walked is.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3516 : Now a Monday next [vr. nest] at quarter nyght Shal falle a reyn.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11377 : Þai offerd him..Wit riche giftes..sum sais bot þe nest [Trin-C: nexte; Ld: next; Göt: neist] yeire Foluand.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)19135 : Þe toþer dai atte was neiste, þai geddered out baþ prince & prest.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.154 : I bere þere-inne aboute fast ybounde dowel, In a signe of þe saterday þat sette firste þe kalendare, And al þe witte of þe wednesday of þe nexte wyke after.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3093 : Þe kyng al sodeynly Þe next day made his counseil calle.
- (1429) J.Boys in Nrf.Archaeol.15147 : Ye next munday, nowt by cause of weder, at after none we leddyn muck wt oure self.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)123/36 : On þe next day sche was browt in-to þe Erchebischopys Chapel.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)296 : In this ȝere, the nest day aftir Mari Magdalen, was a gret Councel.
- (1472-3) RParl.6.60a : The Actes..[shall] be..voided..from the vith day of Aprill next to come.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)790 : At Westmyster..Þe next terme xall me sore avawnce.
- a1500 Mourn.Hare (Cmb Ff.5.48)p.167 : Go bet, wat, with crysts curse The next tyme thou shal be take.
- a1550(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Sln 1873)2716 : The nexte month thei will ye arte repreve.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ps.21.12 : Ne go þou awei fro me, For tribulacioun is next.
- (1385) in Rymer's Foedera (1709-10)7.469 : Yat speciall Trew and Assurance sall be be twix thaim and yair Boundes..Contenant & Havenand the force & effecte..as the nixt Trewe gangand be fore.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.1010 : Plight me thy trouthe..The nexte thyng that I requere thee, Thow shalt it do.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)62 : He þat stiþest wenes to stande, war him his fal ys next [Trin-C: nexte; Göt: neist] at [Bedf: to] hande.
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)p.84 : Ȝif a man is atached þere þat somynge bylyth to þe nexte [F procheine] court, by þe dystresse delyuered.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)135b/a : At þe nexte remewinge, leie on þis oynement apon linet.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)13 : Sothe stories ben..swolowet into swym by swiftenes of yeres, For new þat ben now, next at our hond.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1456 : Sone sall I neuen ȝow þe note þat is next eftir.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)356/25 : Than muste ye go..unto kynge Arthure..at the next hyghe feste.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)59 : Þe corn xall serue to brede at þe nexte bakynge.
e
- ?a1300(c1250) Prov.Hend.(Dgb 86)st.13 : Þere þe bale is mest, Þere is þe bote nest.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)1534 : Ȝwane a man is In mest soruwe and teone, Þanne is ore louerdes grace next [Hrl: wel neȝ].
- c1390 Talking LGod (Vrn)38/14 : Whon þe bale was most, þen was þe bote next.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)32 : When bale is hext, þan bote is next.
2.
(a) Closest in kinship, friendship, or association; most intimate; ?also, closely related [quot.: c1430]; most closely related or privy (to sb.); ~ of blod (kinrede); ~ allie (cosin, frend, kin, etc.); ~ heir, most immediate heir; (b) closest in spiritual relationship or divine kinship; spiritually nearest (to God); of the Virgin Mary: ?most friendly or understanding; (c) bearing closest resemblance; most similar (to sth.); of a color: closest (to another) in the spectrum; also, closer (to another).
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)17 : Gif þin nexta freond agult wið þe..bide hine luueliche þet he þe do riht.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)22837 : Nimeð al his nexte [Otho: nexste] cun..and swengeð of þa hafden.
- c1300 SLeg.Kenelm (LdMisc 108)124 : Him þouȝte þat on of is nexte frend..On þe grounde stod bi-neþe.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1354 : Dauid seiþ þorw þi sonde Þat þi ffreond and nexte kunde aȝen þe sholde stonde.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Num.27.11 : Þe heritage shal be ȝeue to hem þat been next [L proximi] to hym.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 3.8 : I am aȝens Juda to dai, þe whiche haue don mercy vp on þe hous of Saul þi fader..& þe nexte kyn [WB(2): neiȝboris; L proximos] of hym.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)13598 : Þe neist men of his oxspring, Did þai þan be-for þam bring.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)11409 : His sum [read: sun] for him was sett again, Or his neist frend þat was fere.
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)p.92 : Sholle þe baylyues..seysy..þe tenemens of weche he deyde y-seysed, for to y-wyte bet, who-so is next [F plus prochein] eyr.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.92 : William vnderstode þat he..was next of blode.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1711 : His nexte bysyb cosyn Beeþ Jubiter and Appolyn.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)6.51 : Þanne ȝoure neiȝebours next [vr. nixte] in none wise apeiriþ.
- c1400 Bible SNT(1) (Selw 108 L.1)Rom.13.9 : Þou schalt loue þi nexte neyȝebore as þi-selfe.
- (1415) Reg.Chichele in Cant.Yk.S.42 (Lamb 69)49 : If he die withoute eir male, þat forsaid swerd, bible, sauter, and copp turne to my next heir malis.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.127-8 : He made a resygnacion To his brother, next heyr by degre And next allye of his affinite.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.4310 : Eueryche shal of hym silfe deme Þat he be next.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.3047 : Þat oon þat is nexte of his kynrede With a spere shuld make hym blede.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Deut.19.6 : This man schal flee..and..lyue, lest perauenture the next kynesman of hym, whos blood is sched out, be prickid with sorewe.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)1424 : Ȝif Nero myȝt sone dye..Waspasian is next of blood.
- c1430 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/2)p.93 : Ȝyf eny heyre þat be more nexte a-legge..by hys frendes daie to don hem come.
- (1438) EEWills111/8 : Item, all myn owne lyuelode to remeyne to my next heires.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2907 : Þo men þat ȝe arn to lest behold Comynly schal ȝoure wonnynge wold And ben ȝoure next eyrys.
- a1450 Ordin.Nuns(2) (Vsp A.25)145/10 : Þer sal scho betech hir vntil hir next frendes.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)966 : Ȝe ben burnes of my blod..My sone is next [vr. syb] to my-self.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)18332 : His next frendes fast fro him fled.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)6950 : Þar was a preste, To serue þe saynt he was neste..To saint cuthbert he was deuoute.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)43/11 : Hit shall never be encheved but by me other by my nexte kynne.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)1.51 : Þo þat nest were, Full preuyly þey pluckud þy power awey.
b
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)103 : Lauedy ho ys of lauedis alle mylde and meke..to nedeful next [Vsp: neghest; Göt: neist] on to calle.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)71/13 : They holdyn Ion te ewangelist the moste excellent man and the moste nest to God.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)440 : Crist shulde be oure nexste fadir, & his chirche oure nexste modir.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)96/4 : Begynne at þe knawynge of þyn owen sawle, þat is nest to þe.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)3866 : God..wole of no knowleching To no man ȝeue..But to his owne sone..For he is next and moost him by.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)298a/b : Kynde of apes is next to mannes schappe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)309a/b : Þe purpre..is next to [L affinis] þe rede and next [L magis declinat] to þe blak þan to þe whyte.
3.
(a) Immediately succeeding or preceding in regnal or hierarchical succession; next in order of birth; ~ enheritour, immediate successor to a ruler; ~ of kinde, next in line of succession; ~ to, succeeding (a pagan god); (b) of words, letters, chapters, etc.: immediately following in a sequence, narrative, etc.; also, immediately preceding; (c) immediately following in rank, position, or achievement; closest (to sb. or sth.) in rank or quality; ?also, highest ranking [quot.: a1500]; (d) of the best ~, ranking next to the best in breed, of the second best quality.
Associated quotations
a
- a1350(c1307) Death Edw.I (Hrl 2253)24 : Helpeþ mi sone & crouneþ him newe, for he is nest to buen y-core.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9545 : Þo was it muche is munde To come & winne engelond, uor he was next of kunde.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.283 : Pope Steuene..was next pope after [Higd.(2): the successor off; L successoris] Zacharie.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1053 : Þe formast barn þat sco him bare Was caim..þat neist was..An hali child þat hight abell.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)6948 : Whenne aaron was deed, þe prest his son, eliazar, was neest [Vsp: neist].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.257 : Priam had..Fyve sonys..þe eldest Hector callid was..Þe nexte broþer callid was Paris.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5588 : Iubiter grattest was of name..Nexte to Satorne borne for to be heyr.
- (1440-1) Visit.Alnwick124 : For certeyn defautes detectede to our nest predecessour in his laste visitacyone among yow made..we charge..ye..that, [etc.].
- (1444) Will York in Sur.Soc.30113 : If God do his wille of hym or he be of..age, thenne I wil yese good..go to my next childe.
- c1475 Lydg.KEng.(1) (Rwl C.48)8 : Next in ordre bi succession, William Rufus, his sone, crowned Kyng.
- a1500(a1470) Brut-1461(1) (Add 10099)532/30 : Þerle of Marche..As rightful heir & next enheritour to his fadre..toke possession of þe Reame of England.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4255 : Certes in the same book I rede, Right in the nexte chapitre after this..Two men, [etc.].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)174b/b : De brabancia: loke in þe nexte pagyn in þe eende of þe mergyne.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)337/2 : Malua viscus, branca vrcina..& alle..ben forseid in þe nexte [L precedenti] chapitre tofore.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.100 : The nexte word was, 'God woot.'
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.14 : It is seide in þe nexte [i.e. preceding] gospel what nettis preestis shulden have for to drawe men.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)162b/b : Take..halfe ane ounce of wexe, þe sede of merschemalowes..medel hem as þou dide þe nexte oynement aforseide.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)167a/b : Þe fifte is pultes cirurgicorum, þe whiche is writen in þe nexte chapiter aforne þis.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)679 : The wordes were swiche as ye may heer fynde, The nexte vers, as I now have in mynde.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)434 : Ech..receyued also þilk feiþ in þe maner..tretid bifore in þe next chapiter.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)13/13 : This exsaumple the good man that shroue the woman in the nexst tale afore tolde her in her shrifte.
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)15/16 : [In] þe nexte Chapiture by-forne been dyscryed þe moste famous weyes of þus lond.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)33a/b : J haue tretid in þe nexte chapitre aforn of þe Anothamie of þe armes.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.Test.(Hrl 218)171 : E, next in ordre, is eternitas.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.33 : All the..wallis rong..of thair song, and on the copill next Off thair suete armony.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)232a/a : Þe lilye is next to þe rose in worþinesse and nobilite.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5589 : Nexte to hym [Jupiter]..Is god of bataille, myȝti Mars þe rede.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5604 : Nexte in ordre is Mercuryus Þat in speche hath most excellence.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)179/20 : Of all knyghtes that were at that justis, sir Pelleas had the pryce, and syr Marhaute was named next.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)13a/a : Gristile is..next in hardnes to þe boon.
- a1500(c1380) Wycl.Papa (Ryl Eng 86)461 : Þe pope is holdun moost & nexst viker of iesu crist.
d
- (1451) Lin.DDoc.51/9 : I will that Iohn Broghton hafe x schepe, halfe wedyrs, halfe yowes, of ye best next.
4.
(a) Most likely; ~ to curs, in greatest danger of being cursed; (b) quickest; ?easiest; (c) most urgent or pressing.
Associated quotations
a
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.4313 : Þus in hope stant eche..Þe trewest ay redyest to falle, Who serueth best, nexte to ben appaired.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Heb.6.8 : The erthe..bryngynge forth thornes and breris, is reprouable, and next [L proxima] to curs.
b
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.697 : This nys naught..the nexte wyse To wynnen love..To walwe and wepe.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)75 : The power of resoun..is not ordeyned of God to be oure next and best and surest reuler..anentis alle resonable treuthis.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)17153 : Ich þe wulle ræden of nexte þire [Otho: to þine nexste] neoden.