Middle English Dictionary Entry
nẹ̄den v.(1)
Entry Info
| Forms | nẹ̄den v.(1) Also nede, niede, nuide, (error) mede. Forms: sg. 3 nẹ̄deth, etc. & nẹ̄t; p. nẹ̄ded(e & nẹ̄̆dde, neodde; ppl. i)nẹ̄ded & inẹ̄d. |
| Etymology | OE; cp. A ge)nēdan, sg.3 genēdes & nēt, p. nēdde, ppl. genēded; WS nīedan, sg.3 nȳt, p. genīedde, ppl. nȳded. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To force (sb. or sth. to do sth.), require, constrain; refl. exert or force oneself (to do sth.); (b) to compel (sb. or sth. to sth.); compel (sb.) to do, take, or accept (sth.); shrift neded, forced confession; (c) to trouble (sb.), harass, constrain; also, oppress (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6225 : Ȝitt nohht att hofelæs Ne mede [read: nede] þeȝȝm to swinnkenn.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)75 : Willfulnesse letteð þe mannes shrift þat þincheð uuel þat man him wile neden his sinnes to forleten.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)179 : Ȝif he [the lord] net him to ȝiuene, þat beoð strengðe and refloc.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)127/31 : Se ðe net þe net þe to gonne mid him twa milen, ga mid him þrie.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)39/26 : Weater hwen me punt hit & stoppeð hit biuore wel þet hit ne mahe duneward, þenne is hit inedd aȝein forte climben uppart.
- a1300(OE) Deed Crediton (CotR 2.11)155 : Me bi-fore hy-lomp þe reue quene on heuene marie and nedede me to scrifte go to þan holiapopa leon.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)113 : Neddre..Sekeð a ston ðat a ðirl is on, Narwe buten he nedeð him Nimeð vnneðes ðurg.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.47.22 : To whome & serteyn metes of þe comoun beernes weren ȝouen, & þerfor þei ben not nedyd to sellen here possessyouns.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.12.33 : Þe Egipciens nedidden þe puple to gone oute of þe londe swyftly.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)16596 : Him þai can to nede, At tak þe tan end o þe tre.
- c1400(?c1384) Wycl.50 HFriars (Bod 647)368 : Freris schulden be nedid to leeve þis lyvynge of cloyster.
- c1400 Wycl.Blasph.(Bod 647)411 : God haves gyven a mon bothe powere and witte, for to begge not, bot if he be nedid by unkyndenesse of mon.
- c1400 Wycl.DSins (Bod 647)151 : Wel I wot þat Gods lawe byndes not men to þis, for þen God nedid men to synne, and do hor owne dampnacioun.
- a1425(?c1384) Wycl.Church (Bod 788)358 : Where Cristene men shulden be free, now þei ben nedid to hire a preest.
- a1425 KAlex.(LinI 150)2382 : Þey nedid heom him to awreke; Alle þat Alisaundre hitte Hors and mon doun he smyt.
- ?c1430(c1383) Wycl.Leaven Pharisees (Corp-C 296)3 : Luciferis children..constreyne men to leue þe betere, and take and nede men to holde forþe þe worse.
- ?c1430(c1400) Rule & T.St.Francis(1) (Corp-C 296)41 : Þei [friars] schullen not ride but ȝif þei ben nedid for open nede and siknesse.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.FCLife (Corp-C 296)188 : Þei ben nedid..to leue þe prechynge of þe gospel & lyuen in contemplacion.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Prelates (Corp-C 296)94 : Þei stoppen & letten men fro kunnynge & kepynge & techynge of holy writt..& neden men to bisien hem aboute studiynge & kepynge & techyng of synful mennys tradicions ful of errour.
- 1448 *Glo.Chron.C (Arms 58:Kooper)f.139v : Me shulde smyte nayles of siluer in coppes that men dronke of and that me ne shulde nat drynke ne nuyde another man to drynke ouer the bondus that were market in the cuppes by the siluer nayles.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)320 : The ensaumpling of thilk folk in al her abstinence..was oonli vndir counseil; and ȝit to alle tho oonli whiche were nedid, or ellis weel disposid, forto lyue in thilk maner.
- (c1456) Pecock Faith (Trin-C B.14.45)130 : The Cristen clergie schulde convicte, and in maner constreyne, or ellis nede, the undirstonding bothe of alle Iewis and of alle Sarracenes to bileeve aftir Cristen feith.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apost.(Dub 245)431 : Þey [bodily signs] needen a man to take heede to sensible þing, but heede to sensible þing wiþdrawiþ fro God.
- a1500(a1422) Let.Marg.Anjou in Camd.86 (Add 46846)26 : J. B..by fals lesinges..is neded to holde youre and god is Seintwary of Westminster ffor drede of fals prisonnement and gratter wronges.
b
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1114 : Se cyng..þa neodde he him to þam biscop rice of Hrofeceastre.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)121 : Ne nedde he na þet heðene folc to his cwale, ac þe deofel heom tuhte to þan werke.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)9/15 : Þeih me niede me to ðan aðe, me ne het me noht te Forsweriȝen.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)73/2 : Godd ðe ȝeu haueð icleped ut of ðare lease woreld in to gode liue, he ne nett ȝeu naht ðer to, ac seið: Si uis perfectus esse.
- a1400 Ancr.(Pep 2498)147/26 : Coacta confessio deo non placet: Schrift yneded ne quemeþ nouȝth god.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)129/6 : Furst þoruȝ ofte doinge, synnes com into use; and fro use, to consuetude; fro consuetude he was neded to synne.
- a1425 Rolle FLiving (Arun 507)414 : Schrift of mouth..sal be wreiand & acusand him-selfe, nought sai i was nedid þerto thorugh oþer or þe deuel.
- ?c1430(?1382) Wycl.Pet.Parl.(Corp-C 296)510 : Men ben needid..to beleve and knowlech.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Satan & P.(Corp-C 296)265 : Holy writt old and newe & crist lif..dampnen þis pride & wrecchednesse in clerkis & neden hem to mekenesse & wilful traueile and pouert.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1819 : The saȝes of ȝour souerayn..Nedis me to slike notis as I had neuer etlid.
c
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)11820 : Þatt deofell..me maȝȝ wel eggenn to & nohht ne maȝȝ me nedenn.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)15 : Gif we nulleð gan to bote and iswican, hit is riht þet me us nede and isegge þet sceamie.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4048 : Feowere here weren riche; þe haueden ferden muchele, þeo nedden al þæ oðere & heom nedðer sætten.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)164 : Nedeð ðe ðe deuel nogt, for he ne mai ðe deren nogt, oc he fleð fro ðe so neddre fro de nakede.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)136/4070 : What y say ye take in no dispite, Syn nede me nedith euery dele, So vnportable are my paynesfele.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Quot. 1448 (sense (a)) begins with four minims, which have been taken here to represent 'nu' but may be otherwise construed.