Middle English Dictionary Entry
mūsen v.
Entry Info
Forms | mūsen v. Also muse, musi, mwse, muzi, musse, mous(en, meuse(n & moise(n, moissen, mose(n, p.ppl. i)mused. |
Etymology | OF muser meditate, etc. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
To ponder, meditate, reflect, muse; ~ in (of, on, upon), think about (sth.), study; also, think, be capable of thinking [quot.: Gawain].
Associated quotations
- c1390(c1350) NHom.(2) PSanct.(Vrn)95/145 : Her-of muche muse we may.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.2167 : Whan thei upon the reson musen, Horestes alle thei excusen.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2385 : That on the plogh hath undertake..That other tok to studie and muse.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.380 : He lai musende on a nyht Of the tidings whiche he herde.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)8.130 : Musyng [vrr. Meusyng, musande; Mamelyng] on þis metelis a myle wey I ȝede.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.71 : Suche motifs þei meuen, þise maistris in here glorie, And make men to mysbeleue þat musen [vrr. musit, mousen; leuen] on here wordis.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.138 : Ac theologie haþ tenid me ten score tymes, For þe more I muse [vrr. mouse, musid; studie] þeron þe mistlokere it semiþ.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2424 : For þes wer forne þe freest, þat folȝed alle þe sele Ex-ellently of alle þyse oþer, vnder heuen-ryche þat mused; & all þay were bi-wyled.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.3053 : Vlixes, mvsyng on þis tale, Chaungeth colour & gan wexe pale.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)9.380 : Ye be langage make strong diffence In thes mateeres, which cause me to muse.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)347 : Mowsyn [Win: Musyn], or prively stodyyn: Muso, musso.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)333 : Rysis vp þe renke..Gase him doune..fra þe sale, Furthe to make his maistryse & mose in his arte.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)1.21 : Though þis be derklich endited for a dull nolle, Miche nede is it not to mwse þer-on.
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38:Vietor)332 : The dedly synnes seuyn There was peyntyd..That men myȝt mewse on many a yere.
- a1500(a1450) Parton.(1) (Add 35288)5372 : Alone as he rode musynge, Knyghtes sodenly hym come metynge.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)1917 : Wherfore the nedyth nomore theron to muse -- Hit were but veyn thy wittes to dysvse.
1b.
(a) To ponder (sth.), consider, think (sth.) over; believe (sth.); contrive or invent [quot.: a1400]; (b) with obj. clause: ~ hou (if, that, what, whether, etc.); (c) with inf.: to think or plan (to do sth.); strive (to do sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)2267 : For-þi þat tour hat babiloyne..þer ware al þe speche mused [Vsp: delt; Trin-C: part] þat now ar in þis werlde vsed.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2192 : Who-so he be þat in his hert museth Of any womman any þing but good..Lat hym..remembre on Penolope.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.4660 : A prynce..muste also considre..whethir thaccusour be freend or enmy, Or whethir he shal been acceptid or refusid In his accus -- this muste affor be musid.
- (1449) Metham AC (Gar 141)604 : Huge templys to yche off thise syngulere They edyffye to offyr in thereyr [read: theyr] sacrifyse and muse her prayyer.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.1033 : This Alla hath the face in remembraunce Of dame Custaunce, and theron mused he If that the childes moder were aught she.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.3091 : This king began to studie and muse, What strange matiere he myhte use The knyhtes wittes to confounde.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)39b/b : It is harder for to musen [*Ch.(1): serche; Ch.(2): fynde; L inuestigare] oþer for to studie her apon, wheþer þat þe forseide sinewes ben borne substanciallye oþer radicaly.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)444 : Afer men myghten lordes knowe..from oþer folke; but now A man schal stody and musen a long throwe Whiche is whiche.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.203 : In myself I schame, And of my foly, foule I am confused..þat I haue so masedliche imused [vrr. mused; y missed] Þat man of god was vtterly refused.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)7585 : Walchere began forto moyse how he þat menȝe moght refoyse.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.B.276 : How she might be fresshe she gretly mused, And specially on hir heed, alove [read: above] any woman.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)559 : Ofte he muside wherto begynne To spende the riches which he shuld wynne.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)20/24 : Þe oon of them..hadd long tyme musid how she myght haue entird in at that wiket.
- a1500 ?Ros Belle Dame (Cmb Ff.1.6)13 : I stode musynge, And in my-selfe gretly ymagynynge What wyse I schuld perfourme þis said processe.
c
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)104/21 : Ich þe rede wel þet þou ne musy naȝt to moche hit uor to zeche, uor þou myȝtest lyȝtliche guo out of þe riȝte waye.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)14.228 : Adam..wanne he mamelede a-boute mete and musede for to knowe The wisdome and þe witt of God, he was putte out of blisse.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)677 : Muse her-vpon withoute werre or stryff, It to declare or ellis lese thy lyff.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.St.Austin (Hrl 2255)257 : Austyn gan muse in his oppynyoun, To fynde a mene the sowle for to save.
- a1500 ?Ros Belle Dame (Cmb Ff.1.6)202 : He mused sore, to conquere his desire.
2.
(a) To marvel, be amazed; wonder at (sth.); ?also, be a source of wonder [quot.: a1500(a1460)]; ~ of (on, upon), marvel at (sb. or sth.), be curious about (sth.); also with obj. clause: ~ what (whether, whi, etc.); ~ hit to mouth, wonder aloud about it; (b) to wonder, be suspicious; be suspicious about (sth.); ~ on, wonder about (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.6761 : Þei to-gidre goon..Of a tree þat amyddes stood..Musing wher it wer artificial Erect or set by magik natural.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)6266 : A grete wondir may þis be kyd..Bot of þis suld nane muse, lered ne lewed.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.52 : Muse we not here whi Jonas was even so myche tyme in þe wombe of þe whal.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)1373 : Folkys faste presse Vpon hir to stare and muse.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)2893 : I was a-basshed..Musyng what hyt myghte be That she so straungely spake to me.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)122 : It is but an apeshipe to make the folk muse [F muser] so.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)5763 : He moned and moysid in his mynde Þat þe se passid his kynde.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)5950 : He thoght and stode moysand; he meruayld þat vengeance þaim ataynt.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)149/34 : O men forvoied of the wey of good knowlege..what..caytyfnes of hert holdeth youre handes bounde..musing as in abidyng on whethir side the burdon shalle falle of this your naturall herbrurgh.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)54 : Fulle verray were þe vigures, þer avisyde hom mony; Bot alle muset hit to mouthe: and quat hit mene shulde.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)40/12 : Wheder ar all oure elders went? This musys mekill in my thoght.
- a1500 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)p.126 : The aungeles with outen meseure thise thinges musyd.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2018 : Þus sche [Medea] blent hem by discrecioun..Sche ȝaf to [read: no] mater folis for to muse.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.7894 : Liche a knyȝt he gan hym silf excuse, Stoppyng alle þo þat list þer on to muse, Of his absence schewyng þe cause whi.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.856 : Vlixes..Hem conseillinge no lenger for to muse On þis mater..by craft gan hem so appese..Þat he hath voided al suspecioun.
3.
(a) To fret, worry, be anxious or concerned; brood, think ill thoughts; ~ in (of, on), worry about; -- also with obj. clause; (b) ppl. as adj.: troublesome, serious.
Associated quotations
a
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3181 : Who-so-euer of malis þer-on mvse, To alle þe worlde, first, I ȝow excuse.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5813 : Vlcanus..was in herte so Ialous Toward Venus..Whan he with Mars gan hir first espie..And gan þer-of falsly for to mwse.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.324 : Pirrus hath y-mvsid Vp-on þe mordre traitourly y-wrouȝt.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)500 : Egippus [read: Edippus] gan to wex pale..And felly musen in his owne thouȝt.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.2 Merch.(Hrl 2255)260 : Whil he lay in langour thus musyng, His freend wol besy was.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)127/3808 : All the nyght not slepen y for woo Saue thenke and muse wherfore þat hit shuld be.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4935 : He moysid mykil in his mynde.
- c1475 Gregory's Chron.(Eg 1995)228 : He..sayd and affyrmyd..that Cryste was a begger..And that made men to groge and to muse passyng soore.
- a1500(c1450) Idley Instr.(Arun 20)2.S.433 : When þei xuld here þeir devyn seruyce, Þei..mak marchandysse And off þeir wynnyng besyly þei musse.
- a1500 ?Ros Belle Dame (Cmb Ff.1.6)509 : He shuld not muse, þat hath his seruyse spent On hir, which is a lady honourable.
b
- (1449) Metham AC (Gar 141)367 : Qwat sorow eylys þe..That thow thus sobyrly rydyst?..But nowe let alle this musyng matere pase.
4.
(a) To daydream, dream idly; idle away time; hope for or dream of (sth.); ~ upon, dream about (sb.); (b) ~ in, to find amusement in (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4270 : I can the wommen wel excuse: Bot what man wole upon hem muse After the fool impression Of his ymaginacioun?
- (1449) Metham AC (Gar 141)1731 : Ys this the loue that we haue musyd so offt?
- a1500(a1450) St.Robt.Knares.(Eg 3143)433 : Als William lay moysand in mynd Appered thre men blakker than ynd.
- 1532(?a1400) RRose (Thynne)7560 : There muse [F muse], musard, al the day.
b
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)77/31 : Þe good knyȝt..schulde not muse to myche in þe disportes of huntyng.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)81/23 : It longith not to þe sones of knyȝthode to muse to myche in instrumentis ne in othir ydilnessis.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)81/31 : Þe knyȝtly spirit schulde nat be assottid ne mused in no maner of worldly felauschip.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)97 : But for-as-meche as I neuere dede muse In thylk crafty werk, I it now refuse.
5.
(a) To be in doubt, hesitate; (b) ~ after, to wait for (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.563 : Ne stant nought thus to muse. This moot be don! Ye shal be ther anon.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)1182 : Thus lythe he wrynggyng tow & fro Wyth many a sory syghyng so, And mewsus ay in mell.
b
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)45/17 : She was chastised and wolde no more make folke to mouse after her, but wolde be sonner arraied and atte the chirche thanne ani other.
6.
To gaze intently; contemplate (sth.); also, with inf. of purpose: look (to see, etc.); also fig.
Associated quotations
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)47/14 : Ofte hy sseaweþ and diȝteþ ham þe more quaynteliche and þe more honesteliche uor to maki musi þe foles to ham.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)231/32 : Iacobbes doȝter..yede muzi uor bysihede uor to ysy þe wymen of þe contraye huer þet hi wes.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.37 : Whanne him list to have a syhte Of gold, hou that it schyneth brihte, That he ther on mai loke and muse.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1527 : Narcisus..musede [F musa] so in the welle That..He lovede his owne shadowe soo, That atte laste he starf for woo.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1645 : That mirrour hath me now entriked. But hadde I first knowen..The vertu..of it, I nolde not have mused there.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)167 : Now moyse one this mirroure.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)44.570 : Nolde Sire Nasciens him refuse, but faste towardis hym gan he to Muse And vppon hym sette his hors hed.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1287 : I had al this folk beholde..And eft imused [vrr. I mused, I musyd] longe while Upon these walles of berile.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)140 : One his golde and his gude gretly he mousede.
- c1450 In a tabernacle (Lamb 853)2 : As y stood musynge on þe moone, A crowned queene..Me þouȝte y siȝ.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)106 : Thanne j bigan to biholde hider and thider and to muse to wite if j mihte fynde any hole bi which j mihte passe.
- c1475(c1450) Elegy Tomb Cromwell (Hrl 116)57 : Muse in this mirrour of mortalite.
7.
To murmur uneasily, mutter; grumble, complain; ~ to to whisper to (one another).
Associated quotations
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.16.7 : What forsoþ ben we þat ȝe moysen [Corp-O: grucchen; WB(2): grutchen; L mussitastis] aȝeyns vs?
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 12.19 : Whan þanne dauiþ hadde herd his seruauntis musynge [WB(2): spekynge priueli ether moterynge; L mussitantes], he vnderstood þat þe litle faunt was dead.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.156 : It were no nede..To mvse so nor grucchen in ȝoure herte.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)John 7.32 : Farisees herden the puple musinge [WB(1): grucchinge; L murmurantem] of hym these thingis.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)110 : It wayemettede lyke a womane..It marrede, it mournede, it moyssede for made. Vnto þat grysely gaste Sir Gaweayne es gane.
- 1448 *Glo.Chron.C (Arms 58:Kooper)f.195r : The kyng thenne lokyng aboute asked ho hadde throw him doune. Then eche musyng to other [L (Wm of Malmesbury (Hardy 492)): mussitantibus cunctis] therof atte laste the knyght beknowliched and seide, 'Ich.'
- c1450(a1449) Lydg.Doubl.(Frf 16)67 : Who-so hem accuse Of any double entencion, To speke rovne, outher to muse, To pynche at hyr condicion; Alle is but fals collusion.
- c1483(?a1450) OT in Caxton Gold.Leg.(Caxton)f.58va : I haue wel herd your murmour ayenst our Lord: what haue ye mused ayenst vs [Vulg.Exod.16.7: mussitatis contra nos]?