Middle English Dictionary Entry
mistel n.
Entry Info
Forms | mistel n. |
Etymology | OE |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: In the print MED the examples in sense (b) were identified unqualifiedly with basil (interpreting the English word based on the predominant sense of the Latin); DMLBS similarly identifies the Latin word with the plant 'mistletoe' when considering the same and similar examples, thereby interpreting the Latin word based on the predominant sense of the English. In some examples, at least, the latter is more likely to be correct (the description of the plant 'osinum, þat men clepe mistilto' in Agnus Castus, for example ("long lewys and .. growith on trees"), is indisputable a description of Viscum album"). For attempts to break out of this circle, and to account for the original misidentification, which goes back to Old English glosses, see the long note in OED, s.v. mistle n., and in P. Bierbaumer, Der botanische Wortschatz des Altenglischen, vol. 3, pp. 172-3.
1.
(a) the European mistletoe Viscum album; ~ of the ok; (b) as a gloss on Latin ocimum, ozimum, etc. (which in the Latin tradition generally refers to the herb basil Ocimum basilicum, but in the minds of the glossators very probably meant mistletoe), ?= sense (a); (c) bedes of ~, the hardened white berries of mistletoe used as beads; (d) in place name [see Smith PNElem. 2.41].
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425 Alphita (Sln 284)192 : Visci multa sunt..enim uiscus piri arboris, pomi et querci..sed quando uiscus simpliciter ponitur, pro uisco quercino intelligitur..a. mistel.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)126/22 : Þe rote and þe lewys of mystil.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)77a/b : Putte þerto..þe sixte part of mistell of þe oke.
b
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)107.80/1 : Þeos wurt, þat man ocimum & oþrum nama mistel nemned.
- c1225 Wor.Bod.Gloss.(Hat 76)21 : Mystel, ocimum: mistel.
- a1500 *Agnus Castus [OD col.] (Bod 536)lf.30b : Osmun, i. mystyl, þe leues byn euenlonge.
- a1500 MS Cmb.Dd.11.45(2) in Hunt Plant Names(Cmb Dd.11.45)188 : [Ocimum]: mystell, mistulto.
- ?a1500 MS Antq.101 in Hunt Plant Names (Antq 101)188 : [Ocimum]: mistell.
- ?a1500 MS Add.18752 in Hunt Plant Names (Add 18752)188 : [Ocimum]: misteles.
c
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.4916 : To eche yoman of houshold viij d. and a peyre bedys of ambyr and jet; And to eche grome and page vj d. and peyre bedys of mystill.
d
- (1225) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.)343 : Misteleg. Mistelegh.
- (1354) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.)343 : Mistelleygh.