Middle English Dictionary Entry
mis n.
Entry Info
Forms | mis n. Also misse, mise, messe, mese. |
Etymology | OE mis (late, rare) & ON; cp. OI missir n. and missa n. Also cp. ME missen v. & mis- pref. & OF mes- pref., from Gmc. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) Sin, sinfulness; guilt, culpability for sin; evil, wickedness; withouten ~, sinless, innocent; withouten ~ of this man, he being sinless, innocent as he was; (b) a sin, an evil deed; criminal act, offense; also, a blunder [quot.: Pearl]; (c) beden ~, to give offense to (sb.), offend (sb.); connen ~, acknowledge (one's) sinfulness; don ~, do wrong, sin, live sinfully; also, give offense (to sb.), offend (sb.); don ~ ayen (to), sin against (sb., God); don the god for the ~, return good for evil; seien ~, lie, tell a falsehood; also, misconstrue or distort (sth. in a translation); seien and don ~, sin in word and deed; serven ~, merit ill-treatment; slaken ~, atone for (one's) wickedness; werken ~, do wrong; also, commit fornication; willen ~, incline to sin, be wickedly disposed; yelden ~, commit a crime in retaliation, return evil (for evil); [it is often hard to distinguish mis n. from mis adv., to which some quots. here may belong]; (d) amenden ~, menden (of) ~, of persons: to repent of (one's) sins, be repentant; make amends for (one's) offense, compensate or make restitution for (one's) misdeeds; also, see the error of (one's) pagan ways, be dissuaded from (one's) false religion; amenden (of) ~, menden ~, of God, Christ, or the Incarnation: absolve (sb.) from sin, redeem (humankind) from sin; atone for the sins (of sb.); menden of ~, of a situation: turn (sb.) from evil ways, dissuade (sb.) from wrongdoing [quot.: (1402)]; [see also amenden 1. (a) & 12. (b); & menden 1. (a)].
Associated quotations
a
- c1330 Þe siker soþe (Auch)105 : Man, mene þou þi mis.
- c1350 Heile sterne (Bod 425)15 : He þat for vs and for oure mis be-come þi sone.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)1898 : When we war putt out of þat blys To won in mydelerth for our mys.
- c1390 Ihesu þi swetnes (Vrn)117 : Lord..ffor þi Merci forʒif me mi mis.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Hrl 1770)108.18 : He gird is ai with misse [L Fiat ei..sicut zona, qua semper præcingitur].
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)420 : Ay þy mercy is mete, be mysse neuer so huge.
- c1440(?a1400) St.John (Thrn)58 : Thi mynde moued þe fro myse one ilke manere.
- c1440(?a1400) St.John (Thrn)106 : Þou broghte thaym to blysse Thorowe mendynge of mysse.
- a1450 Also take (Add 37049)14 : Thus He has tew armes spred, man to hald & kysse That to Hym by luf wil turne, repentyng his mys.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)93/2 : Grete meruell es to mene Howe man was made with-outen mysse And sette whare he sulde euer haue bene With-outen bale.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)427/44 : Þan heuyd þei hym highly on hight for to hang, With-outen misse of þis man.
- c1450(?a1400) Quatref.Love (Add 31042)266 : He..for his grete mercy for-gaffe þam þair mysse.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)13120 : Þe fend..makes our myse to multyply.
- c1450 Bi a forest (Lamb 853)62 : Þouʒ þou haddist do þe synnis alle And þou crie mercy for al þi mys..Þan wole his mercy passe riʒtwisnes.
- c1450 Bi a forest (Lamb 853)110 : If þou..þee schriue..Repentynge þee of al þi mys.
- 1451 Tundale (Roy 17.B.43)843 : Þat he has tynt for his mysse Þe joy of heven and of blisse.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)38/95 : Synne so sore grevyht me..I wol be vengyd of þis grett mysse.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)364/252 : Heyl moder and maydyn..heyl mene for mankynde and mendere of mys.
- a1475 Regina celi and Lady (Pep 1236)80 : The well of mercy may make mediacyon Agayn all mysse that passyt mesure.
- c1475(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)26 : Þey desirid þat þeis schuld..be in a maner to stere men to be heuy of þer mysse.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)304/364 : I forgyf you youre mys.
- a1500 As I went þrow (Adv 19.3.1)29 : Þe may þat is withouten mysse hasse borne a child.
- ?a1525(?a1475) Play Sacr.(Dub 652)293 : Off all my mys I woll amende make.
b
- c1390 In a Pistel (Vrn)8 : Whon al þi gode dedes beþ þorwsouʒt, Seche, and þou schalt fynden Amis. Eueri mon scholde I-knowen his.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.3311 : Pride is of every mis the pricke.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)17630 : Ful wele suld all þat miss be bett.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)382 : I am bot mol & marerez mysse.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2391 : Þou art..beknowen of þy mysses.
- (c1422) Hoccl.Dial.(Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)455 : What, art thow now presumptuous become, And list nat of thy mis been vndirnome?
- (c1422) Hoccl.JWife (Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)832 : Out of the weye of ioie him wolde lede The mis of so vertuous a persone.
- a1425 NPass.(Cmb Gg.5.31)142/44* : A..fruthe sall..þi fadir..restore..vnto þat blys Whilke he forfett thurke hys mysse.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)72 : That were a symple wreche..teslee the chyld for the fadrys mys.
- a1450(1400) Eche man be war (Dgb 102)103 : God seeth thurgh eche mysse.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)8/9 : Þare [fallen angels'] mys may neuer be amendid sen þai a-sent me to forsake.
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)388 : Þat þe endowynge of þe clergy wiþ worldly lordeschipe owʒt not to be callid almes, but raþer alle a mysse or wastynge of goddis goodes, or distroynge of his ordenance.
- c1460 Dub.Abraham (Dub 432)185 : What haue I displesid þis Lord of blisse, Þat I shal be martyred in þis mysse?
- c1460 Dub.Abraham (Dub 432)247 : Here shal I sle my frende..But God haþe chose þe for his owne store In counfor of al my mys.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)34/169 : A..Caym..þi brothers blood..Askyht vengeauns of þi mys.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)10/7 : We schull be so fele yn company þat þer schall be no suspessyon of mys.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)2101 : Þe blis Þat aungels forfetid for her mys.
c
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)46/20 : Ʒef a mon is uuel & seið & deð se muche mis þet hit beo se open sunne þet he hit ne mahe..wiðseggen.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)206 : God made Adam..A spirit ful of wit and sckil; Ðor-quuiles it folgede heli wil God self ðor-quile liket is, An un-lif quuanne it wile mis.
- c1390 Dial.Bern.& V.(2) (Vrn)31 : Ʒif I sigge mis [vr. mys say], takeþ good hede And wisseþ me, þat hit betere were.
- c1390 Hose wolde be-þenke (Vrn)70 : Ʒit wol þat lechour..deeme þei wolde do mis I-fere.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.2359 : His fader, which him misbegat, He slouh..for o mis an other mys Was yolde.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)634 : A lesyng ys whan þou wost þat þou seyst mys [vr. a mys].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12062 : O fader þe banning ders noght, Bot to þat sun þat mis [Göt: mjs] has wroght.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)23744 : For-þi þis lijf he has vs lent..To hald ai wel his comament, If we do mis do mendement.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24339 : To me, his moder, did þai þat mis þai wroght on him wit wogh.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)17617 : Wel we woot we haue done mys Aʒeyn þe & þi lord.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)3289 : Sum..Sal wend..til heven blis Als Innocentes þat never dyd mys.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)315/809 : To þe ale heo went; Longe heo sat and dude mys, Þat heo was dronkyn.
- a1425 ME Verse in Anglia 92p.67 : Moder and maiden þat neuer did mysse.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.Lear (Göt Hist 740)317 : Abouth seyr thynges samen þai chyd, Scornnyg casten and oft done myse.
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)266 : Hast thow nat mad..the bok How that Crisseyde Troylus forsok, In shewynge how that wemen han don mis?
- (1432) Paston2/37 : That the King be chastised for his defaultes..and that for awe therof he forbere the more to do mys.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1315 : My lorde meruailles hym..Why thow morthires his men þat no mysse serues -- Comouns..clergye and oþer, Þat are noghte coupable þerin ne knawes noght in armez.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3057 : Sall no mysse do ʒow, ma dame, þat to me lenges.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)4784 : Þe souereynte þou takest þe to Hit schold be myn..Þou bedes me mys & outrage!
- a1450(1400) Eche man be war (Dgb 102)161 : Ʒif a man do a-nother mys Neighbores shuld hem auyse The trespasour amende and kys.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)270 : Forsothe, ʒe seyn Mys.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)586 : He þat haþ many a world abyde Þer he in youþe wroghte mis or dyde, His age..byt him it eschue.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3366 : Lord, þou þat man hathe don more mysse þanne good..For hys synne makyth satysfaccioun.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)106/132 : Sho wroght neuere no mys, we witnesse euere ilkane.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)147/4384 : Alle that mys han doon, amende.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)172/5156 : Haue y doon messe, þen ax y yow pardoun.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)5196 : Godis..mercy helpid, he was noʒt spilt, his mysse þat he moght ken.
- c1475(c1420) Page SRouen (Eg 1995)p.27 : The chylde of God I wote he ys That dothe þe goode for the mys.
- a1500(?c1414) ?Brampton PPs.(1) (Sln 1853)p.42 : I have do mys, I will do more.
- a1500(?a1425) Chester Pl.Antichr.(Pen 399)511/585 : Ye men that have donne mys..Convertes to hym..that you on rode hath boughte.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)59/84 : Do thus, and do no mys.
- a1500 Ihesu mercy mercy (Chet 6690)85 : If..alle manere synnes were wrouʒt in me þou may hem slake, as is a spark..in myddis of þee see. Þer may no man, lord, slake my mysse But þou..of þi godhede.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)10446 : A straunge cuntre, Þere no man woote whens he is Ne wheþer he seith sooth or mys.
d
- c1390 Ʒhit is god (Vrn)78 : In such a plyt þis world is in..Nou were heih tyme to be-gin To A-Mende vr mis.
- c1390 Ilke a wys (Vrn)7 : Amende þi misses more and minne.
- a1400(?c1300) LFMass Bk.(Roy 17.B.17)259 : Of al oure mys [vr. mysdedus] þou vs amende.
- (1402) Topias (Dgb 41)p.111 : Thou seist..that charite is chacid to vengyn oure defautis and mende us of oure mysse.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)1274 : Goddes sun sall..cum to mend þi faders mys [vr. forto bye þi fadres myssse].
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)22/137 : Mekill folk þaire mis amend And toke haly baptim.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)193 : Fande to mende of thi mys For thou erte warnede.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)207 : I will noghte mend my mysse [vr. amend þat mese] For all his grete pryde.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)197 : Al þe days of oure lifyng Er lent vs..for þis thyng: For we suld here oure mis amend Thurgh hali kirk.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3644 : All men example here-at may take To mayntein þe goode and mendyn here mys.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11815 : Þat mys to amende, is maistur ye go To the corse of þat kyng.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)641 : Amendes ʒoure mysse whills ʒe are men here.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)13642 : For he proued hym playn how he his myse suld mende, In þe tempyll was he slayn.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)5.1930 : Þat she may vs wisse A stedefast lore for to amende oure mysse.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)2397 : Þe mysse þat þai had done, Þai wer bowne to mend.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)3386 : Þare god slike grace he þaim send Be slike a myracle þair mysse to mend.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4829 : Gif þou will noʒt my biddyng do And þi mysse amend, Cuthbert will..vengeaunce on þe take.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)1.29 : Þey..cowde no mysse amende whan mysscheff was vp But sorwed for her lustus..And neuere for her trespas oo tere wolde þey lete.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)3677 : I pray to god..To Graunte me grace to mend my mysse.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)5.19.100a : Be thi deth oure mis was alle a mended.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)97/370 : He that may both lowse and bynde, And euery mys amend, leyn me grace..My wyfe..To kepe.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)195/26 : I am send bot messyngere ffrom hym that alkyn mys may mend.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)370/87 : This body will I bere with me. How it was dight mans mys to amende, all mans kynde ther shall it se.
1b.
(a) In phrases: of (o) ~, amiss, astray, erroneously, falsely, wickedly, etc.; to ~ wenden, to misdirect (speech), waste (one's words); [see also amis adv.]; (b) in riming tags: withouten ~, certainly, undoubtedly, etc.; more ne ~, exactly (a distance of sixteen miles).
Associated quotations
a
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)144/428 : Þat oþer reyson was for þe deuel, þat he schal to mys wende hys cheuel þorʒ hys malyce.
- a1425(c1300) NHom.(1) Martin AM (Cmb Gg.5.31)p.72 : Thame thoght that thai had done of mys When thai bette Sainte Makary.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)24695 : Or augustine come to britaine..Mikel of þe hile was of misse lede..þai cuth noʒ finde How to cum out of þar errour.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)25256 : His men and hisse Þoru trespas done ful ofte of misse.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14830 : Aske god mercy þat þou has sayd of myse [vr. o mys].
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14886 : Þou says þi sorow..comys..for þin awn dedes neuer a dele. Þis mater is of myse remynd.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)7711 : He þat swerith an ooth of mys..For ten fals þinges..sweriþ þanne for echone.
b
- a1275 Seinte marie leuedi (Trin-C B.14.39)56 : Þer is..blisse þat euer last wid-ovte misse.
- c1300 Assump.Virg.(1) (Cmb Gg.4.27)114/112 : He wile..fecche þe in to his blisse, Þat eure schal leste wiþute misse.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)130/10 : Mani a fol Þat weneþ ryt, wyþ-oute mysse, Þat þer nys god ine heuene blysse.
- c1390(?a1325) LChart.Chr.A (Vrn)112 : I haue graunted..To þe..with me to liuen In my Rewme of heuene-blis, To haue and to holden wiþ-outen mis.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24758 : I sal yow mon wid-vten mis.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)12.52 : Atte Castel..That twenty Miles from sarras Is, And fro valachim, Sixtene, More ne Mis.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)208 : Thanne was he joyful, with-owten mis.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)64 : Bitwene þis and þe cuntre of Rome..men gone..That conne..tel withouten mys Of al þat thei knowen and howe it is.
- c1500 Castle Love(3) (Ashm 61)437 : I schall cry Pes, wiþouten mys.
2.
Damage, harm, injury; misfortune, plight.
Associated quotations
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.982 : Thy seedis with cucumber rotis grounde Let stepe, aud [read: and] saaf of euery mys they are [L feruntur ab omnibus malis ac monstris tuta seruari].
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2219 : Þe more he is mighty þat the mysse tholis, The more the greuaunce is grete.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)10 : Of to gret rudeshipe mys bifalleth.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)4.32.78a : Al thei he say but sothe..to honoure of his prince, it is likely to suche one ofte mys to betide.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)39/551 : All ar thai slayn And put vnto payn. ffrom thens agayn Mai thai neuer wyn..bot he that myght hase Wold myn of thare mys & admytte thaym to grace.
3.
Bereavement, loss (of sb.); deprivation, loss (of sth.); also, lack or need (of sth.); al withouten ~, with no detail missing, with no deviation or exception; dien for ~, to starve, die of hunger; haven ~, sense the lack (of sth.), feel the need (of sth.); also, suffer the absence (of sb.); wreken ~, avenge (one's) loss or defeat.
Associated quotations
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)234 : Þenne hi cumeð eft to þe chele, of hete hi habbeð misse.
- c1400(1375) Canticum Creat.(Trin-O 57)87 : Rys & go we..For to seken vs sum fod, Þat we ne deye for mys.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)262 : As in þis gardyn..to lenge for euer..Þer mys nee mornyng com neuer.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)364 : My herte watz al wyth mysse remorde.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)27/28 : Þauʒ þe kyng awondrid was of þat tiþing þat hym was told, soþely he it fonde, al wiþout mys.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1750 : We haue..Armur..And now tyme..to take it on hond To mene vs with manhode & our mys wreke.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3371 : Ne for þe mysse of þi maister make þou no sorow.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)6707 : Of soche a mon were a mysse þurgh the mekyll world.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10593 : Lokes now, lordes, our lure is full hoge, On the mysse & the murthe of þe mighty Achilles.
- a1475 Asneth (Hnt EL 26.A.13)633 : And he behold here faire handis; of beaute þer was no misse.
- (?1475) Stonor1.156 : I have a grett mysse of you thys terme.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.277 : Þe Scottis had no grace, to spede in þer space, for to mend þer nisse
Note: New spelling (error)
Note: nisse error for mis. n.