Middle English Dictionary Entry
middel n.
Entry Info
Forms | middel n. Also midel, midle, middel(l)e, middle, middul & meddel, medel, medle, medil(le, medul & (?error) mudel. |
Etymology | OE |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A middle region in space, the middle part of a thing; the interior of a country, central part of a constellation, middle stories of a building; middle of a stream, town, bodily part, etc.; (b) the center; the middle member of a series; the second story of a three-story building; also fig.; in the ~ of, in the center of (sth.); (c) bi the ~, down the middle, into equal halves; to the ~ of thi leg, of a garment: reaching to your midleg or calf; to the ~ ward, towards the center; (d) the middle part of a book, treatise, or written word.
Associated quotations
a
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)4719 : Hii dude hom vorþere in þis lond..& wonne þe middel of þis lond to bedeford anon.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Ezek.42.5 : Thei baren vp the porchis that of hem apperiden of the lower partis and of the mydlis of beeldyng [L de mediis ædificii].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.101 : Theatrum was a place i-schape as half a cercle, and in þe myddel þerof was a litel hous þat was i-cleped scena.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1058 : Cancer..hath..Sextiene sterres, wherof ten..he berth on him tofore, And in the middel tuo be bore, And foure he hath upon his ende.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)29a/a : He bringiþ þe neþir and þe middel in to þe ouere.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)206a/a : The stoone sardonix..is wiþ þre colours, for þe blak is þe lowest, þe white is þe myddel, þe rede..is hiȝeste.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)17.189 : Were þe myddel of myn honde..ypersshed, I shulde receyue riȝte nouȝte.
- (1420) EEWills46/6 : Also I bord mausure with a bond of seluer..wyth a prent in þe myddylle.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)2/1 : He will ger crie it openly in þe middell [F en le my lieu] of a toune.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)193a/a : Þe iuse off þe herbe is set ouer þe fire to boylen, and when it boileþ, it is takun a doun & sette in þe sunne for to dryen; and þat þat is abouen is aloe cicotryn, & þat is in þe myddil is aloe epatike, and þat þat is bineþen is aloe caballyn.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)345/13 : Men of þe world..I schal excite wiþ þe prik of conscience..þat þei feele in þe myddil of her herte.
- (1448) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1355 : Item, in the myddel of the west pane of the saide cloistre a grete square Tour.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)171/4 : He [the salmon] holdet þe mydul of þe streym, þat a man may not cum to hym easly.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)15a/a : Brawn is a membre..smal in hise extremytees, greet in þe myddil.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)17b/b : Þe scolle..is hard & pleyne boþe wiþinne & wiþoute & spoungious in þe myddil.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)8947 : In þe middel of þe signe it wole falle, And in þe ending most of alle.
b
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1399 : Aboute ierusalem þis noumbringe he bigan, As in þe middel of þe world.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.15.4 : He..tooc þre hundrid foxes, & þe tailes of hem he joynede to þe tailes, & brondis he bond in þe myddel [L in medio].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Kings 6.8 : Bi a vice þei steȝeden vp..fro þe myddel [WB(2): myddil soler] in to þe þridde.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.47 : So ȝif helle is in myddel of þe erþe doun riȝt, me myȝte knowe how meny myle is to helle.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.327 : Of the fruyt of the tree that is in the myddel of Paradys god forbad vs for to ete.
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)18/18 : Set the ffyx point ouer the middel of the bord.
- (c1392) ?Westwyk EPlanets (Peterh 75)42/10 : As the midel of thy thred lith in the meridional lyne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)19b/b : Þe attircoppe..sit in þe middel of þe webbe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)328b/b : We schal wite þat in nombres it is hard to fynde þe myddel..for..nombres ben endeles.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.75 : In þat þat he [Christ] is God, he is every where myddil.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.6.130 : For ryght as of cerklis that tornen aboute a same centre or aboute a poynt, thilke cerkle that is innerest or most withinne joyneth to the symplesse of the myddle, and is, as it were, a centre or a poynt to that othere cerklis that tornen abouten hym.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)133/31 : Þei han but on eye, & þat is in the myddyll of the front [F en mylieu le front].
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)45a/b : Amonge þes ventrikels, þe formest is moste & þe middel is lesse and þe hyndermest atwixe two.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)60b/b : Þat woundes and sewyng ben more perillous aboute þe midil of þe wombe þen aboute þe sides off þe wombe.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)50b/a : Þis laste and loweste Element, þat is, erþe, is hangynge & meuynge in þe myddil of þe round spere of þe firmament as a centre þat is sett in þe myddil of a sercle, and it is round as an appil as alle oþere beþ.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)60b/b : Take a boond of what lenkþe þat nediþ & make a marke in þe myddil of þe boond.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)61 : Crist..is þe first begining..he is þe midyl, end, ordeyning, and gouerning.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.15.10 : Take, he seiþ, to þe a koou..a sche geyt..a weþer..& a turtel & a culuer; þe which, taking all þes þingez, diuidide hem by þe mydel [L divisit ea per medium], & he putte eyþer partyse aȝeyns hem self, eyþer to oþer.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)31a/a : Somtyme drynes helpiþ meuynge to þe myddelwarde.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)29 : Orden the a playn sett gowne to the mydyl of thy legge and no shorter.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prol.Kings (Bod 959)23 : Þei wriityn bi þese þe begynnyngys & þe myddelis of woordis, ooþerwise þe eendys.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)148/8 : So þis bok, wiþ þe myddel and boþe endes, techeþ þe beste lessoun of lownesse.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)1/19 : Prayeng þat in þis werk..He sende to me help..ȝeuynge an happy bygynnyng and ȝeuyng me a more happy myddel..ledyng to þe beste ende.
2.
(a) The middle of the human body, the waist; ~ smal, slender waist; (b) ~ man, a maker of girdles.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)28069 : Þa leo me orn foren to and iueng me bi þan midle.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)21384 : Arthur..smot ane Saxisse cniht þat þe sweord..at þe middel hit astod.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8962 : Þo caste þis gode mold hire mantel of anon & gurde aboute hire middel a uair linne ssete.
- a1350 Ichot a burde in boure (Hrl 2253)31 : Middel heo haþ menskful smal.
- a1350 Most i ryden (Hrl 2253)62 : Hire gurdel of bete gold is al vmben hire middel smal.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)6874 : Þer was mani heued ofweued, & mani to þe midel cleued.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)8180 : Of þe king Briollo Þe midel he smot ato.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)1649 : His vetres gonne breke And of is medel þe grete ston.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2374 : Þe werwolf..swiþe him vp-cauȝt be þe middel in his mouþe.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2199 : Þar fond he..F[lorippe] with þe middel smalle.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)3.10 : Þe Clerk þo..Tok þe Mayden bi þe Middel [vrr. myddul, mydle, meddel, medyll, mudel] and brouhte hire to chaumbre.
- c1390 Susan.(Vrn)320 : He haþ brandist his brond..To Marke þi middel [vrr. medel, medylle] at a Mase in more þen in þre.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.786 : He seth hire schapthe forth withal, Hire bodi round, hire middel smal.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1602 : Hir myddel smal, hir armes longe and sklendre.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)210 : Here ȝelewe her was faire atired..here abouten al To her gentile myddel smal.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.358 : Clement þe cobelere cauȝte hym bi þe myddel.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4624 : Of longe stature & wel compact with-al With kurbe schuldris & of myddel smal.
- a1425(c1300) Assump.Virg.(1) (Add 10036)793 : Abowte hure myddel a seynt sche souȝt, That sche hure self hadde wrouȝt.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1032 : For yong she was, and hewed bright..and in hir myddill small.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)337 : Myddyl, of þe waste of mannys body.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2205 : The medill of þat myghtty..He merkes thurghe the maylez the myddes in sondyre.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)1248 : Burges with balies..No gretter þan a grehounde to grype on þe medil.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)7718 : Fro the Nauell netherward he was an able horse, And euyn made as a man fro the medill vp.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)51/7 : The kynge..toke hym by the myddyll and overthrew hym.
- a1500 Bevis (Chet 8009)77/1396 : I wold..A litull girdull to make me, That shall aboute my medull be.
- a1500 ?Rolle De Passione (Tit C.19)46 : Oure lady toke a couerchief..& bonde aboute his myddel, to couere his membris with.
b
- a1525(?1435) Cov.Leet Bk.182 : The smythier & the brakemen wern to-gider & no mo, and the cardwirdrawers & the Middlemen to-gider and no mo..Then the Cardwirdrawers and the myddelmen most nedes bye the wire that they shull wirche of the smythiers.
3.
(a) The midst; in (the) ~ of, in the midst of (persons or things), among, between; bi the ~ of, in the midst of; fro the ~ of, from the midst of, from among, from between; into the ~ of, into the midst of; out of the ~ of, out from among; thurgh the ~ of, through the midst of, through; (b) in ~, in the midst of a crowd; ?in the midst of an action, suddenly; on the ~, in the midst of the sea or of a voyage; ?suddenly; bringen into ~, to make (sth.) public; casten into the ~, throw (sb.) into the midst of people; don awei fro the ~, get rid of (sb.); lien in the ~, lie in the midst; stonden in the ~, stand out in the open; (c) in the ~, in the middle position, between them; also fig.; (d) in the ~, in the midst of (things).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.28.57 : Þe fulþe of þe lytul fellys þat goon out fro þe myddul of þe hupys of here.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 7.3 : Doþ awei alyene goddis fro þe myddel [WB(2): myddis] of ȝou.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 10.10 : Þei camyn..& lo a cumpanye of prophetys meetyng to hym..& he prophecyede in þe mydel of hem.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 17.34 : Þer cam a lioun or a bere & tooc a weder fro þe myddil of þe floc.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.10.16 : Loo! I sende ȝou as sheep in to the mydil of wolues.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 4.30 : Jhesus, passynge, wente thorw the myddil of hem.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Cor.6.17 : Go ȝe out of the myddel of hem.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Phil.2.15 : In the myddel of a schrewid nacioun.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4238 : In the myddel of the dong they founde The dede man that mordred was al newe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)239a/a : Þe palme bereþ fruyt an high in þe croppe of þe bowes and nouȝt in þe myddil of þe leues.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)180/14 : We ben mad litil in þe middel of ȝou, as ȝif þe norse norsheþ here children.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)77 : Ȝif ye fynde at the areyn hath imake her webbe by þe myddelle of hem, it is a tokyn þat it is of no longe tyme.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Luke 22.27 : And Y am in the myddil of ȝou, as he that mynystrith.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)John 1.26 : In the myddil of ȝou hath stonde oon that ȝe knowen not.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)90/18 : He diede with greet dispiit, hangynge on þe cros in þe myddil of tweye þeues.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)96/3 : Tryacle forsoþe is nouȝt onliche laxyng, but it is in mydle of the natures hurtynge þe bodyes of þe pacientes.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)35 : Ilk alien kynd..schal not go in to my sanctuari, ilk alien son þat is in medil of þe hous of Israels sonis.
- ?c1475 *Trev.Nicod.(Sal 39)137a : We seye hym speke wyt ys xij dissiplus and seytte in þe myddul of ham.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Josh.2.20 : Ȝif vs þou wolt bytraiȝe & þis word brynge forþ into myddul [L proferre in medium], we sholyn be clene fro þis ooþ.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.9.29 : Wold god any man ȝeueþ þis puple vndyr my hond, & I schulde don awey fro þe myddel Abymalech.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 4.35 : The fend hadde cast him forth in to the myddel [L in medium].
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))John 8.9 : Jhesu dwelte aloone, and the womman stondinge in the myddel.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)370/3 : Þou maist se him also liinge in þe myddil among beestis.
- a1450 3 KCol.(1) (Roy 18.A.10)121/15 : Þe ij kyngis departid euerych from oþir and ȝaf plaas to her þridde felowe, and so þei resceyued hym to liȝe in þe mydil bitwix hem boþe.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)55 : Þe racke myd a rede wynde roos on þe myddel.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)26 : My good angell..cominde in myddil, among this cursid..company of deuelis..fro the mydil of them deliuerd and toke my saule.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.22.11 : Þer schall be þe law of oþe in þe mydyll [L in medio], þat he strauȝte not oute þe honde to þe þing of his neyȝbour.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)2.159 : Now Fals and Fauuel fareþ forþ to-gedere, And Meede in þe Middel [vr. myddis].
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)49/7 : Þen, as hit yn mony place ys payntude and corven, þat kyng þat ys yn þe mydyll..wryde bakward tohys felow byhynd and pytte hys hond vp, schewyng hym þe sterre.
d
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.7 fn. : I seiȝ seuen Candelstickes of gold, & in þe myddel þe seuen kandelstyks of gold, on þat semed þe maidens son.
4.
The middle part of a period of time; the middle of a month, middle part of one's life; also, the middle part of an action, a condition, mass, story; ~ of daies, the prime of life; ~ of the dai, noon; ~ of the mone, the full of the moon; ~ of the night, midnight; ~ overcomen of the dai, the afternoon of the day.
Associated quotations
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)85 : Oðre manie swo ledden here lif þat te biginninge was fair and te middel fairere and te ende alre fairest..here lifes ende was bicumeliche, þe middel and þe biginnenge.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2092 : Aboute þe middel of þe nith Wok ubbe.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)75/1595 : In his ȝouþe, in middel of his liue, He hadde iwedded two iolif wiues.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.41 : Þe cours of his lyf was cruel..in þe bygynnynge, wrecched in þe myddel, and foule in þe ende.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)298a/b : Apes..ben mery and glad in þe newe of þe moone, and elenge in þe myddil and in þe olde moone.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)3.325 : And þe myddel of a mone shal make þe iewes to torne.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.155 : Þe myddel of þe mone is þe miȝte of bothe.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)77 : It is of no longe tyme, or at lest it is of þe mydel ouercome of þe day bifore.
- a1425 PPl.C (Cmb Ff 5.35)22.4 : Myddul [Hnt: In myddes of þe masse..Ich fel eft-sones a slepe].
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.367 : Þis gospel telliþ þe middil of a storie of Seint Joon Baptist.
- c1425(c1400) Primer (Cmb Dd.11.82)42 : Aȝenclepe þou not me in þe myddil of my daies.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.3.6 : If it be after the myddel of the day, set the degre of thy sonne upon the west syde.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)13 : As if þou feele þe spirit of feruour greetli fallen upon þee, þinke..what is þe bigynnyng of it..and þinke on þe myddil, and also what eende wole folowe of it.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)108 : Anoon after the myddill of August..he helde court roiall.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)8478 : In Decembre þei begynne, And in þe midle of Mars þei blynne.
5.
(a) Something which is intermediate in weight, size, quality, intensity, etc.; (b) math. & mus. a mean; ~ bi armonie, a tone intermediate between two other tones; ~ bi ars-metrike, the average of two integers; ~ bi gemetrie, a number whose square is equal to the product of a larger and a smaller number; (c) an intermediate cause, a means; bi the ~ of, by means of, through; (d) middle ground, mean between moral extremes; moderation.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.175 : Þe leste talent weyeþ fifty pounde, the myddel weyeþ þre score pounde and twelve, and þe moste weyeþ sixe score pounde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)39a/a : Kynde setteþ þe wit of smellinge aftir þe eiȝen, as myddel & mene bitwene þe siȝt of taast, for þe wittis of smellynge is more boistous þan þe siȝt & more sotile þan þe taast.
- a1425 *York MGame [OD col.] (Dgb 182)xiv : It is goode þat he haue both of þe gret [hounds] and of þe smale and of the mydel.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)193a/b : Apium comunie, Merche and it is an herbe h. in j degre & d. in þe middil of þe j gre.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)571/23 : Be þai made forsoþe of euery fourme þre Instrumentz: a litel, a grete, and a myddel.
b
- a1450 Treat.Music (Lnsd 763)269 : These 3 proporcionalitees Boys callith medietates, id est, midlis, & þei haue þes namis: geometrica, arithmetrica, armonica..of 9 & 4, yf þu aske me whech is þe medle be gemetrye, I sey 6 for þis skille: Yf here were a place of 9 fote long & 4 fote brode be gemetrie, þat were 36 fote square..And as many fote is in a bodi or a place þat is euyn 4-square 6 fote as in þat þat is 9 fote longe & 4 fote brode, id est, 36 in boþe. The 2de proporcionalite..is callid þe medil be arithmetrike..in-as-moche as þe more numbir passiþ þe 2de be as moche as þe 2de passith þe 3de: Neyþir more ne lesse passiþ 12 9 þan 9 passiþ 6, & þerfore 9 is medium arithmeticum. The 3de proporcionalite is callid armonica, or a medil be armonye, for þis skille: Dyapason..is þe most perfite acorde aftir þe vnisoun betwene þe extremyteis of þe dyapason, id est, þe trebil; And þe tenor wil be yeue a mydle þat is callid mene, þe which is callid a dyapente..to þe tenor and dyatessaron..to þe treble.
c
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)94/14 : Þeos [temptations] cumeð alswa of godd, ah nawt as doð þe oþre, wið uten euch middel.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Par.23.20 : Þei madyn þe king to..gon in bi þe myddel of þe ouere ȝate [L per medium portæ superioris].
d
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)6/49 : Þet ha leare ham mete, þet me meosure hat, þe middel of two uueles [Roy: twa þing].
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)20/188 : Ne mei na wunne ne na flesches licunge..bringe me ouer þe midel of mesure & of mete.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)249/32 : Sobrete ne is oþer þing þanne to loki riȝte mesure, þet alneway halt þane middel ine to moche and to lite.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)277/10 : Who-so kepeþ þe myddel bitwexe litle and mochel, as resoun scheweþ, is a-liȝht wiþ grace y-tauȝt.
6.
Half; the ~, half as many.
Associated quotations
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.30.23 : Take to þee swete smellyng þingis, of þe first myrre..fyue hundreþ sycles, & þe mydill of þe canel [Corp-O: the half of the canel; L cinnamomi medium], þat is, two hundreþ & fyfty syclis.
7.
Error for middinge, ?privy, ?dunghill.
Associated quotations
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)337 : Myddyl, of a donghylle [Win: or dongyl]: Forica.
8.
In surnames.
Associated quotations
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 380 : Robertus atte Midle.
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 3258 : Simon atte Middele.
- (1333) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames132 : Rob. atte Mydle. Will. atte Myddel.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?a1525 Dc.54 Artist.Recipes (Dc 54) 266/9 : Take a goode gret calkestone and make a gret hole yn the medyll, and then powre þy colour ynto that hole.
Note: Postdates sense 1.(b). New spelling (medill).