Middle English Dictionary Entry
mē̆nden v.
Entry Info
Forms | mē̆nden v. Also mend(e, mendi, (error) mandeð. Forms: p. & p.ppl. mē̆nded, mend. |
Etymology | From amē̆nden . |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To put right (sth. wrong or harmful), alleviate (distress); atone for (faults, errors), remedy; amend (one's life), repent of (a sin); (b) to cure (sb.) of vice, reform; so god me mende, as God may cure me, so help me God; as mahoun me mende; (c) refl. to repent, reform; (d) without obj.: to amend one's life, repent.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2760 : Þou slouȝ moraunt wiþ pride..And seþþen vrgan vnride..Mendi þou most þat mis.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)532 : I giue me..in his grace as gilty..to mende my misse, i make myn a-vowe.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)544 : My-selue schal him neuer telle, For þat were swiche a woȝh þa neuer wolde be mended.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)971 : Þou trestes to my help ȝif i miȝt in ani maner mende þi sorwe.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)2886 : When þou comes in-to þi blys, Þou think on me and mend my mys.
- c1390 Mannyng HS, Mir.CC (Vrn)510 : Him was graunted to come a niht fforte speke wiþ his wyf To mende þe fautes of his lyf.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.51 : This es the gat that sain Ion kend, Sinful mannes lif to mend.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)644 : Here lastes lijf wit-oten end; Her es nathing for to mend.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5761 : Mi folk of israel in wa..i wil now þaire murning mend.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20251 : If i haf anithing mis-wroght..I wil it mend.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)27965 : If þou on ani wise has don [lecheri], Wit open scrift þou mend it son.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.303 : Pape Boniface duellid opon þis, To gyue dome..to mende boþe þer mys.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)4.61 : Ho may a-scapie þe sclaundere, þe scaþe may sone be mendyd.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1930 : He has his trowth plyght..to mend his trispase.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)2204 : I sal þe hyght To mend þi murnyng at my myght.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1426 : She wroot..That..She wolde come and mende al that was mys.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)3/18 : He giuis us respit, þat we sal mende ure sinne.
- c1425 *Wycl.Concord.(Roy 17.B.1)96a : Mende þou þo þingis þat failen, tite, firste cap.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)11/38 : Þe Fader..haþ grauntud ham..Ȝif þai wyle mend þat þai do mys, To haue remyssyon.
- c1440(c1350) Octav.(1) (Thrn)83/324 : Mary maydene..mend my carefulle mone!
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)198 : Bot a worde wolde I wete..Gyff matynes or messes myghte oghte mendene thi mysse.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)2434 : To Gonorille a-gayn he ȝede; He wend sche wold heue mended his nede.
- a1450(?1404) As þe see (Dgb 102)137 : Thouȝ holy chirche shulde fawtes mende, Summe put hem of for mede, And summe wiþ maystriȝe hem defende.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1693 : Mercy may mende al þi mone.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)9927 : Gud lord þat ylk myse may mend, I loue þi loue both lowd and styll.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)17932 : Wyll þou ȝett of þin errour blyn and mend þi myscheue whyls þou may?
- a1500(?c1400) EToulouse (Cmb Ff.2.38)629 : Yf my counsayle may hyt mende, Hyt schall.
b
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1575 : 'Wolleþ ȝe ȝou defende?'..'Ȝea, so god me mende.'
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Wisd.12.26 : Vnwise childre..who forsoþe with repreues & blamyngis ben not mendid [WB(2): amendid; L correcti].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)26507 : Quen þou art mendid [Frf: amendid] o þi sin.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)89.12 : We ben mended mare and lesse [L corripiemur].
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)7/14 : Þe mare he mendis his cuuent, Till mare ioy sall he be sent.
- a1425 Here begynnes a new (Roy 17.C.17)461 : Yf He be siddele wroth i founde, Us to chastys & mende af munde.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)433 : Lordynges, so god me mende, Lamedon me to ȝow sende.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)393/359 : A! lorde, we were worthy Mo turmentis for to taste, But mende vs with mercye, Als þou of myght is moste.
- c1450 ABCArist.(Lamb 853)p.260 : It schal neuere greue a good man þouȝ þe gilti be meendid.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)prol.38 : Ȝif him list to loke a leef oþer tweyne That made is to mende him of his myssededis, And to kepe him in confforte.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)427 : It were good þat þes..collegies..as myche as þei discorden fro cristis lawe, þat þey weren mendid.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)323/557 : Yis, sir, as mahowne me mende..Thus shall we say.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)6864 : Hys felows wolde wyth hym wende; He wolde not let þem, so god me mende.
- a1500 Bevis (Chet 8009)11/181 : Yet wyl I, so god me mende..my selfe defende.
c
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.47 : Al þat tyme he lyuede a wicked lyf, and..he mendede hym and lyuede sixe monþes.
- c1390 As I wandrede (Vrn)60 : Graunt Merci..And ȝeue me space to mende me Inne.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)25548 : Þou send vs lauerd wijt and will To mend us of vr dedis ill.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)27/7 : Mend ȝow sone of ȝowre misdede.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)680 : Many..þat..saw þis selkuth sight, knocked on þaire brestes & cried mercy, and mendid þam at þaire might.
- a1425 Cursor (Glb E.9)28693 : Ilka man to welth may win þat here will mend him of his sin.
- a1450 ?Audelay An a byrchyn bonke (Dc 302)137 : Þai þat weryn at myschip, þai mend ham þat tyde.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1229 : If ane wil not mend her so, Opyn reprofe falis hir vnto.
- 1451-1500 Tundale (Wagner)2326 : He warned alle..To mende hem here, before her dede.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)7.12 : Swa mykill the haldere [read: hardere] will he punysch if thai mend thaim noght.
d
- a1400(?c1300) LFMass Bk.(Roy 17.B.17)238 : I trow þat housel es..of my fynnes [read: synnes] forgyfnes, If I wil mende.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)23264 : Þai wat þair pine sal ha na nend, For þai mai haf na might to mend.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)25/2 : Yef sho wil noht mend, þe iugiment sal sho suffir.
- a1450(?1404) As þe see (Dgb 102)134 : He þat wel understondes, Amende while he mende may.
- a1450(?c1405) Man be war of (Dgb 102)22 : Fro þe fader of heuene his soule he charmes..Þat nyl not mende, but ay don ylle.
2.
(a) To improve the lot or condition of (sb. or sth.), do good to, benefit; give more to (sb.); (b) to improve upon (sth.), augment, better; do better than (sb.); (c) ~ mod (chere, mirthe), to improve (somebody's) disposition, raise (somebody's) spirits; also, raise (one's own) spirits, cheer up; (d) to improve, get better, gain.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.244 : Wardeyns gode he sette, to stabille þe londe & mende [F fet l'estat melliour].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5418 : Bath he did his lauerd byyate, And mended nede in þair state.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)28/9 : Yef tabbes ses þai haue mikil trauaile, yef scho wil, scho may mende þam.
- a1425 NHom.(3) Leg.Suppl.Hrl.(Hrl 4196)25/23 : To visit pouer men was scho lyght, In þaire mischef þam to mend.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)696 : Parys tok þe quene by þe hond..'Þy fairehede schal mende al Troye.'
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)6552 : Alle þat he myghte, he schold hym sende; Wiþ waryson he schold þem [the 11000 virgins] mende.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)14513 : Al wast was hit wone to ligge, But þer dwellynge mended þat contre Wel bettere þan hit was wone to be.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2404 : The is hight for to haue..A mede of þo mighty to mend the with All.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)464 : Mete has mendid þe full mekill..Or ane has stollen in my stede.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)146 : His renttes and his reches rekened he full ofte..Of profettis of his pasturs, that his purse mendis.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14110 : Of gold god had hym sent to mend with mony a store.
- a1475 In place (Hrl 3954)38 : Fals iudas, to mendyn hys purs, To ded hath hym sold.
- a1500 Ihesu þt was borne (Adv)56 : Feyr on gronde kon kornus incres, And lyke þoro grace þat þo worde schuld mende.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)555 : Þe harpour ȝede oway: 'Who better can, lat se.' 'Bot y þe mendi may, Wrong þan wite y þe.'
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)1045 : Agea..Made grete ordenaunce for hir burying..It myȝt nat have be mendit.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)471 : Syr, this mantell gyff I the..And thow wilte take þis sympull gyfte, Is shall be mendyd be my thryfte.
c
- a1325(?a1300) Interl.CG (Add 23986)27 : A, suythe mayden, reu of me..Yu mend yi mode and her my steuene.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)647 : Þanne þis maiden melior gan menden here chere..here sad sorwe sesed.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4232 : His oþer suns com ilkan sere For to mend þair fader chere.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)376/79 : The Fadir voice, my mirthe to mende, Was made to me euen als manne.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1525 : Þen he..his sorow voidet, Mendit his mode & his mynd stablit.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)3535 : Scho prayd hyr fader to mend his chere and mad hym myrth all þat scho myȝt.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)12914 : Yt may not helpe on me to crye; I haue no mete to mend þi chere.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)15476 : His wyfe and his sun were redy to mend his myrth all þat þei moght.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)8690 : Cabanus be a ring hym knew, That mendyd bothe there mode.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)209/151 : Mefe you now no more, bot mese youre hart and mend youre mode.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)206 : And I shal sumwhat mende ȝour mood.
d
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)24490 : All mi licam bigan to light And mi mode to mend.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)883 : He..achaufed hym..& þenne his cher mended.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.329 : What mende ye, though that we booth appaire?
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)12.530 : For brousty oil, whit wex is to resolue In fynest oil..So wol hit mende [L sic fieri vt oleum purgetur], odour and taast also.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)75/2224 : So se y wel, but though hit menden may, That this world nys but even a thyng in vayne.
3.
(a) To cure (sb.) of a disease, revive; cause (sb.) to improve in health; also fig.; (b) to recuperate from sickness, get better; of a disease: be cured.
Associated quotations
a
- c1390(?c1350) SVrn.Leg.(Vrn)5/115 : Wiþ Godus gras, Of þat seknes heo mended was.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)56 : Sen he to blind has gifen þe sight and raised þat beried lay, whi suld he vnto ded be dight þat mendes all [Sion: mendes men] þat he may?
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1642 : In sorow þan so was he stad..It was no mirth þat him myght mend.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)15/349 : Þai praid all to saint Nicholas Þat man þore forto rays & mend.
- a1425 NHom.(3) Leg.Suppl.Hrl.(Hrl 4196)17/8 : Scho..fand no medcyn hir might mend.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)65/8 : Anoynte þe goute þer-with bi þe fire &..it sall mende þe mekill or all.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)4864 : Þer was no medcyn þem to mend.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)298 : Ȝe were entouchid with his tethe..Bot mendyd with a medecyn..Þat is fulloght.
b
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)6/22 : Anoynte his heued þer-with ofte, & he sal mende.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)11939 : His messyngers he send..at wytt whedder his seknes suld mend, or he suld dy on yt.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)388/26 : If he slepe, then mon he mend.
4.
(a) To repair (buildings, clothes, books); sharpen (a tool); (b) to amend (an edict), correct (a narrative, statement, an opinion).
Associated quotations
a
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)217 : On þe helde laȝe, het ure drihten þat me ne sholde none man bitechen bute he were teid to menden chirche.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)215/20 : Seowið ant mendið [Nero: amendeð; Cleo: mandeð, altered to mendeð] chirche claðes.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 13.21 : Eggis of þe sharys & of þe diggyng irenys & of forkes & of þe axis weren blunte vn to a pricke to mendyn [WB(2): to be amendid; L stimulum corrigendum].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.129 : Olde chirches he mendede, and new cherches he bulde.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)3.51 : Þere nis wyndowe ne auter Þat I ne shulde make or mende, & myn name writen.
- (1429) J.Boys in Nrf.Archaeol.15156 : At after..mendyd oure carte.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)5/20 : He mygth not se to make hys lettyr ne mygth not se to mend hys penne.
- (1449) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 872 : A bord of hokke to mende wyt ye bokes..ij d.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)700 : Þat jakett xall not be worth a ferthynge..I xall goo and mende yt.
- c1475 Rwl.Prov.(Rwl D.328)p.122 : He may mende hys layse withowte eny grese.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Esth.8.5 : I beseche þat with newe epistolis þe olde lettris..ben mendyd.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)16297 : Qui smites þou me..Ar þat þou mi word had mend [Göt: mendid]?
- a1400 Cursor (Phys-E)21804 : Qua sum þe tale can bettir attende, For Cristis loue þate he it mende.
5.
To keep (sth.) in a good state; control (the universe), regulate (morals, laws).
Associated quotations
- (a1382) WBible(1) Pref.Jer.(Bod 959)7.123 : Salomon þe peysyble..mendiþ maners, techiþ kynde, ioyniþ crist & þe chirch.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10960 : Me send He has to þe, þat al mai mend, To comfort þe.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.69 : I salle þe make..my chefe Justise, þe lawes to mend & right.
6.
In surname.
Associated quotations
- (1306) Close R.Edw.I475 : Paul Mendeware.