Middle English Dictionary Entry
man-kīnd(e n.
Entry Info
| Forms | man-kīnd(e n. Also mon-, men- & manskinde. |
| Etymology | From man n. & kīnde n. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The human race, people in general, mankind; al ~; (b) an individual human being.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225 Stond wel moder (StJ-C E.8)203/8 : Do wai, moder, þi wepynge; i thole þis ded for man-kende.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)14879 : Ich þonkie mine drihte..þat he soche milse sent to mankunde [ Clg: moncunne].
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1143 : Ðo meidenes herden quilum seien..ðat man-kinde wore al for-loren.
- a1325 SLeg.Cross (Corp-C 145)2 : Þe holy rode..haþ fram strange deþ ibroȝt to lyue al mankunde [Vrn: Monkuynde].
- a1350 Iesu suete is (Hrl 2253)54 : Iesu..Þin armes spredeþ to mankynde.
- a1350 Stond wel moder (Hrl 2253)27 : Betere is þat ich one deye þen al monkunde to helle go.
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)303 : Ich warn þe..For his loue, þat bar þe croun of þorn To saue al man kende.
- c1330 Iesu þat for vs (Auch)161 : Herknez godes passioun, þat he þolede for man-kynde.
- (a1333) Herebert Holy moder (Add 46919)2 : Holy moder, þat bere cryst, buggere of monkunde.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)1/2 : Zuete iesu, þin holy blod þet þou sseddest ane þe rod uor me and uor mankende, Ich bidde þe hit by my sseld.
- 1372 Als i lay vpon (Adv 18.7.21)11 : Sche hadde don mankindde vnrith, but ȝif sche were a mayde.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3265 : O noble Sampsoun, strengest of mankynde.
- (c1384) WBible(1) Prol.Mat.(Dc 369(2))4.2 : And mankynde..shulde be qwikenyd bi the prechyng of hem.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.23 : In Brytayne beeþ hoote welles wel arrayed and i-hiȝt to þe vse of mankynde [vr. mankunde].
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)1068 : Þat foreward..þou [Satan] hit bigonne formast to breke, Þo þou þorw treson to monkuynde speke.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3521 : Thus shal mankynde drenche and lese hir lyf.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.883 : God made mariage in Paradys..to multiplye man kynde to the seruice of god.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.3108 : Ther is no vice such as he [envy], Ferst toward godd abhominable, And to mankinde unprofitable.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2443 : To tile lond and sette vines, Wherof the cornes and the wynes Ben sustenance to mankinde.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.877 : An hundred thousand bodies of mankynde Han rokkes slayn.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.7 : Wit outen fleis and blode, Moht Crist noht by apon the rode Mankind, that in fleis and felle Was demed to the pin of helle.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9372 : Þe fader of heuen Dight his dere sun to send..Vntil erth..for to bring man-kind [Trin-C: monkynde; Göt: mans kind] o wa.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)564 : He knyt a covenaunde cortaysly wyth monkynde þere.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)4.407 : Thus is man and mankynde in manere of a substantif.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)119/20 : For þei [women]..ben cause of alle malice and synnes þat regnen among monkinde.
- a1425 Christ.Belief (LoC 4)12/470 : He cryes thurght þe prophete to alle manskynde for wham he tholed.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4710 : Lat vs prey to hym..Which for mankynd [vrr. mankend, mankinde] shadde his herte blood.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)154/24 : Þe tetes and..þe testicules..ben nouȝt nedeful to þe substaunce of a singuler man but of mankynde [*Ch.(1) & L: speciei].
- a1450(?1348) Rolle FLiving (Cmb Dd.5.64)85/28 : Þe devyll..es enmy till all mankynde.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)1759 : Euer he bare in hurre þouȝt þe Passyon þat god suffrud..And how dure monkende þere he bouȝt.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)166/118 : All heyl, mankyndys creatoure.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)269/1083 : For þe love þou hast to man On All man-kend, now haue þou pety.
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)1333 : He Was Bore of a may To saue al men-Kynde.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)522 : Ye ne askapeþ so away, Be God þat schop mankende!
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)46/9 : Þe fende..deseyuet our allur modyr and soo dampnet all monkynd.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)940-2 : Þis world he made at his wille, Mankinde þerwiþ forto glade and fille, Wiþ the fruites þerof shulde springe, Mankindis hunger refresshinge.
b
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)16 : Euery man..it may fynde: Whou Mankynde into þis werld born is ful bare And bare schal beryed be at hys last ende.
- c1450 How mankinde dooþ (Lamb 853)1 : How mankinde dooþ bigynne is wondir..In game he is bigoten in synne.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)194 : My name ys Mankynde; I haue my composycyon Of a body and of a soull, of condycyon contrarye.
2.
(a) The human condition, manner, or body; human nature; (b) of Christ: taken (nimen) ~, to assume human nature, become incarnate.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)71/11 : Who myȝt suffre abliche & here þat Fraunceys, þat was but a nouys in þe fey, ordeyne þe wey of parfitnesse of mankynde [vr. mankunde] better..þan God.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)29/1 : Hit is no doute þe gostliche temple, þat is mankynde, is more worþe þan þe temple þat is made of lyme & of stoon.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.4.19 : Thow disputedest ofte with me of the sciences of thynges touchynge dyvinyte and touchynge mankynde [L de humanarum diuinarumque rerum].
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.6.42 : Yif thou looke wel upon the body of a wyght, what thyng shaltow fynde more freele than is mankynde?
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.9.20 : For thilke thyng that symply is o thyng withouten ony devysioun, the errour and folie of mankynde departeth and divideth it.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)67/2 : Sperma forsoþe is þe seed or burgenynge of mankynde [*Ch.(1): mannes nature; L nature humane].
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)69/10 : The ȝerde forsoþe is þe tilier of mankynde.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)160/39 : Hit was aȝaynes al monkynde, A maydon to ber a barne.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)245 : We Cristen men bileeuen that God descendid into mankinde and couplid so to him a singuler mankinde.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)27 : Manekynd may not..yndure the paynefull and tiranuous tourmentrye that ye put me unto.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)261 : This Emperoure is the fadir of hevene, whiche hathe only oo sone, and oo douȝter glorious, havyng angelis kynde and mankynde.
b
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)160/30 : In þe forme þat he was an eorþe þe he mankunde nom.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.98 : Crist was cumen And hafd mankind opon him numen.
- a1400 Cursor (Vsp A.3)985/43* : Our lord zoght to tak mankynd and bring vus oute of woo.
- c1450(?c1400) Wycl.Elucid.(StJ-C G.25)18 : He came doun in goddis kynde & toke ful mankynde.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)163/6 : Goddys son xul Apere in erthe to take mankende.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.44.28b : Oure Lord..toke mankynde for oure saluacioun.
3.
The male sex, male persons.
Associated quotations
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)54/34 : Thus for the more parte fareth al mankynde, to praye and to crye after womans grace.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)56/91 : After the sawes of the bible..It is good to mankynde that we make to him an helper.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 Whanne marye was greet (Fil) 70/279 : In heuene blysse ȝe stodyn slyddyr; For pride ȝe fellyn, my fadyr bede; Mankynthe for mekenesse schal come dedyr.
Note: New spelling (with final -th(e)).