Middle English Dictionary Entry
lǒud adj.
Entry Info
| Forms | lǒud adj. Also loude, loued, lud(e, lut & (in place names) ludde, lodde, lode; (early sg. dat.) loudere, lud(e)re, luddor; comp. loudere, ludder, loder. |
| Etymology | OE hlūd |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Of noise, song, sounds, cries, words, etc.: loud; (b) of the human voice: loud; ~ steven, loud voice; ~ steven, mid (with) ~ steven, in a loud voice; (c) of persons, things, instruments: making loud sounds; (d) as noun: on ~, loudly; ?also, audibly.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)109/5 : His bemeres..makieð noise & lud [Recl.: loude] dream.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)6 : Þat plait was stif & starc & strong, Sum wile softe & lud among.
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (Hrl 2277:Wright)p.21 : This holi man makede loudere song.
- a1350 Horn (Hrl 2253)12/217 : Horn haþ loude soune þurh out vch a toune.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)145/3129 : Þat erl was wroþ..& spak to hire wiþ loude gret.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.37 : He seiȝ a stronge Aungel prechen wiþ loude cry.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2953 : The Grekes..Thries ryden al the fyr aboute..with a loud shoutynge.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3257 : But of hir song, it was as loude and yerne As any swalwe sittyng on a berne.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.309 : This Angel with hise wordes wise Opposeth hem in sondri wise, Now lowde wordes and now softe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1718 : At euery cours thanne cam loud mynstralcye.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)277a/b : The hound hatte Canis..and somme men meneþ þat he haþ þat name Canis of lowde berkynge.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1207 : Loude alarom upon launde lulted watz þenne.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)161 : Bot euer watz ilyche loud þe lot of þe wyndes.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)878 : Nauþeles, þaȝ hit schowted scharpe, And ledden loude alþaȝ hit were, A note ful nwe I herde hem warpe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1536 : Þe noyse gan, lowde & no þing softe, Both of trompetis and of clariouneris.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)99/16 : Þai..grafez þam..with grete sollempnitee and lowd sang.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Prelates (Corp-C 296)77 : Foule ben oure lordis blent..for here..lowd criynge.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)248 : Þan was wepyng & wo..With loude dyn & dit.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)96 : A lowde laȝter he loȝe.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)290 : Ne haue lowd laughynge.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)6569 : Some sounde was lowde and some hye, And þerof he fond melodie.
b
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.656 : Þa stod seo kyning up to foren ealle his ðægna & cwæd luddor stefne.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)4/16 : Sonæ swa he ðes wateres swetnysse ifelde, þa wearð he swiðe bliðe on his mode & mid lude stefne to ðare ferde clypian ongan.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)10/31 : Heo þa alle mid ludere stæfne to heoræ drihtne clypien ongunnon.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)16/2 : Ða ongon he his drihten to herien ludre stæfne.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)20826 : Þa loh Arður ludere stefene [Otho: loudere stemne].
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)25558 : He wes idræcched and granein agon ludere stefenen.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)89 : Ðo þe after him comen remden lude stefne, þus queðinde.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)57/625 : Stoden þe cwelleres & ȝeiden lud steuene [Roy: lude stefne].
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)2033 : Ha..ȝeide lude [vrr. lut, ludere] steuene, 'Wrecche mon þet tu hit art!'
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)314 : Þat nis noȝt soþ ich singe efne Mid fulle dreme & lude stefne.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)4853 : Ten com bihinde To on ost of seuen þousinde, Wiþ loude voice & to hem gradde.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2226 : With loud voys they criden, 'Werre! Werre!'
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)333b/b : Schille voices beþ lowde & draweþ alonge and filleþ soone al þe place as þe noyse of trumpes.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22467 : Wit-in þair wambs sal þai cri Wit hei not and lude steuen.
- a1425 Cursor (Glb E.9)28861 : It cumes vnto þe ȝates of heuyn, Criand on crist with loud steuyn.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)56/31 : Which peticioun myȝtily sche askide wiþ a loude vois.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2328 : She cryeth 'syster' with ful loud a stevene.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)590 : She cried with lowde steuen, 'Haa, kynge Ventres.'
c
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)584 : With swyþe grete strencþe it [thunderbolt] liȝt a-doun, ase man mai i-huyre loude.
- c1330 St.Greg.(Auch)111/585 : Þe waites [vrr. ȝates, gaynes] wer stille and noþing loude.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2671 : The trompours with the loude mynstralcye..Been in hir wele for ioye of daun Arcite.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.3064 : The tempeste of the blake cloude, The wode See, the wyndes loude, Al this sche mette, and sih him dyen.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.268 : Biforn hym gooth the loude mynstralcye Til he cam to his chambre.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.2496 : And his pipes, loude as any schalle..Betokeneþ..Þe sugred dites.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.6262 : Eolus hath maked acceptable Wynde and eyr, hoolly at her wylle, Nouþer to loude, pleynly, nor to stille.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3578 : He sette vp men to make mortal sowns with brasyn hornys and loude Clarions.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)31/11 : Now þe wynde is lowd; now is it stille.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.m.4.3 : What maner man..ne wol noght ben cast doun with the lowde blastes of the wynd Eurus.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)314 : Lowde yn voyce, or noyze: Altrus.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)152 : There felle a thundir and a wedyr so dirk and so lowd that men supposed the Cherch should falle.
- a1500(?a1375) Hermit & O.(Add 22577)10 : A man that wylle synge or carpe..Ȝyf anothyr be ludder than he, Lyttyl lykynge ys in hys gle.
- a1500 Dial.Devil & M.(Rwl D.328)12 : What ys loder þan ys þe horne?
d
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)1358 : Þe Iewes..Cryed and said þus all on lowd.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1781 : Thane laughes the Lebe kynge, and all on lowde meles.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2032 : Sir Lucius on lowde said lordlyche wordez.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)6251 : He..Lowtis euyn to þe lord, & on lowde saide: 'Dere fader, full faire, & my fre kyng!'
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)834 : A knyȝt..on loude speches [Dub: spekes].
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)5835 : Þe childe cryede on lowde, allase.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)146/24 : Whan Accolon herd that, he cryed on-lowde, 'Fayre swete lorde, have mercy on me for I knew you nat.'
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)213/9 : Than sir Clegys cryed on lowde.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)6128 : Thus is on lowde dyscryede.
- c1450 Susan.(Clg A.2)161 : Then sayde þo loselles on lowde to þat lady: 'Thow hast gone with a gome, þy goddys to greue.'
2.
Audible, not whispered; also fig.; ~ or prive, aloud or whispered; prive and ~, secret and known.
Associated quotations
- a1400 Ancr.Recl.(Pep 2498)29/28 : Ansuereþ hym wiþ loude woorde And þonkeþ hym mychel.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)767 : And every speche that ys spoken, Lowd or pryvee, foul or fair, In his substaunce ys but air.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1958 : Ne never rest is in that place That hit nys fild ful of tydynges, Other loude or of whisprynges.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)1628 : For ilk an of þaim þan trowed he kenned þair synnes, pryue and lowed.
3.
Palpable; ~ lesinge, a barefaced lie; lien upon ~, to utter a palpable lie.
Associated quotations
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)23/24 : In a worme liknes wille y wende, And founde to feyne a lowde lesynge.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)264/273 : And with his lowde lesyngis he losis oure layes.
- c1450 Susan.(Clg A.2)343 : Now þou lyest vpon loude, so helpe me oure lorde.
4.
(a) In surnames; (b) in place names, in names of rivers and streams [see Smith PNElem. 1.253].
Associated quotations
a
- (1199) in Pipe R.Soc.n.s.10194 : Ricardus Lud.
- (1205) Fine R.King John282 : Ricardus de Ludebroc.
- (1242-3) Bk.of Fees762 : Willelmus Loud.
- (1327) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 10166 : Johe le Loudere.
b
- (1195) EPNSoc.16 (Wil.)189 : Ludewell.
- (1238) EPNSoc.8 (Dev.)285 : Ludebrok, Loddebroc.
- (1247) EPNSoc.10 (Nhp.)33 : Lodewell.
- (1280) EPNSoc.17 (Not.)172 : Loudeham.
- (c1280) EPNSoc.8 (Dev.)285 : Loudebrok.
- (c1310) in Ekwall Dict.EPN291 : Ludewatir.
- (1333) EPNSoc.7 (Sus.)395 : Lowdewell.
- (1341) EPNSoc.16 (Wil.)189 : Lodewulle.
- (c1350) in Ekwall PNLan.139 : [River] Loude.
- (1415) EPNSoc.28 (Der.)416 : Ludwall.
- (1437) EPNSoc.7 (Sus.)395 : Luddewell.
- (1490) EPNSoc.8 (Dev.)285 : Suth Ludbrok.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6057 : Me were levere be fortrode With wilde hors and be todrawe Er I ayein love and his lawe Dede eny thing or loude or stille.
Note: There needs to be an expansion of the gloss for 2., the fig. sense, which notes be it ~, be it stille & ~ and (or) stille, stille and ~ as generalizing phrases [see the adv. 1.(c)].--per MJW.
Note: Perh. also a straight gloss 'public, open' is needed before giving phrases.--per MJW
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)883 : Of al craftes stil and lowde That longed to a gentilman he coude.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)11478 : Yf þat þou wyll take me vntyll both wyues and chylder in to myn hend…And all þat is for thresour kend with in þe Cyte, lowd and styll…þen wyll I wend.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)17783 : Goddes law both styll and lowd was his [Anthiocus] lykyng to lett.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)2487 : Godis seruauntis thei seid þei were…alle that thei hadden loude or stille Thei bad hym take it atte his wille.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)3860 : The bysshipe shrove hym…Off All hys synnes loude and stylle.
- a1475 Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)2069 : Anoþer manere of aungel þere is also Þat telliþ the comoun peple to Be it lowde, be it stille Þe smale sondis of Goddis wille.
- 1532(?a1400) RRose (Thynne)7530 : Without fylthe styl or loude Nowe dare she nat her selfe solace.
Note: Whole series of quots. with phr. loud and (or) stille, stille and (or) loud, where meaning seems to be a generalizing 'of every sort, of any sort' are not covered in the entry.--per MJW.