Middle English Dictionary Entry
līthen v.(2)
Entry Info
Forms | līthen v.(2) Also lithe, lithie, lieth. Forms: sg. 3 lītheth, etc. & (early) līðegað, līþeȝað; p. līthede, etc. & (early) līðegedde; ppl. i)līthed, līthet & (?error) liþnid. |
Etymology | OE līþigian & līþian. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To make (sth.) less painful; alleviate (soreness, pain, torture), assuage (sorrow), ease (wounds), loosen (fetters), etc.; (b) to mitigate (one's anger), restrain (one's blows), soften the effects of (an ordinance); (c) to cut off (a bodily member); subdue or destroy (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)73.13/2 : Wið heafoð-ece, ȝenim ðisse wyrte..hit liðegað þat sor.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)84.30/4 : Wunderlice hit ðat sor liðeȝað.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)95 : Shereðuresdaies absolucio[n]..liðe þe sinne bendes.
- c1300 Horn (LdMisc 108)24/428 : Horn, þou schalt wel swiþe My longe sorwe liþe.
- c1300 SLeg.(Hrl 2277)254/198 : Liþie [Corp-C: Ichelle..leþegi is benden].
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)253/173 : Sein Poul..is [St. Peter's] bendes..gan breke And liþede wat he miȝte.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)242 : A king þai mosten haue swiþe, Al her sorwe for to liþe.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)18/497 : Þat freuereþ ous in oure exil, And lyþeþ oure pyne.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2280 : Me were leuere deye an hundyr syþe Þan suffre þys peyne þat noght may lyþe.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)357 : Mercy schal hyr craftez kyþe; Hys comforte may þy langour lyþe.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)20.69 : With wyn and with oile, hus wondes he can lithe.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.754 : He that wont hire wo was for to lithe [vr. lieth; rime: swithe, sithe] She moot forgon.
b
- ?a1400 Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Petyt 511)13616 : Lithed [Lamb: Ȝyf þey..þer strokes couþe haue leþed].
- (1445) LRed Bk.Bristol2.191 : Reserued att all tymes to the same Mayer, Sheref and Bayllyfs, and commune consell..by ffulle auctorite and power the forseyd ordynaunces or eny of thym to reuoke, adnulle, encrece, to make newe or to lythe.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)7721 : Hir angre she gan ther to lithe, And than she kissed him fel sithe.
c
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11115 : Pirrus..Vnioynet the Jawmbe of þe iust arme, Þat hit light on þe laund, lythet full euyn.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3754 : To lithe vs all if þou limpes, na louyng þou gettis, For þou wynnes noȝt bot wemen.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest M.7 Boys (SeldSup 52)st.24 : Þen toyȝt þe kyng he lyfed to lang; his lyms he lythyd of fast in fere [vr. his lymes the kytt of infere] And put hym sythyn to payns strang.
2.
(a) To ease the pain of (sb., someone's body, a limb, etc.), rest (one's bones); ?ease (digestion); -- also without obj.; (b) to please (sb.), make comfortable, comfort; seek to please (sb.); (c) to give or bring respite to (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)7.183 : Lome mennes limes weore lyþet [vrr. liþed, liþnid; lechyd] þat tyme.
- c1400 *PPl.C (Trin-C R.3.14)[16.220] f.40b : His bulle miȝte..liþe þe seke.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)999 : Þe Maryes þre..to Jesus tombe went Wiþ boxys fulle of oynement, To haue ylyþed his body þerwiþ, Ther he was sore in lym and liþ.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)123/14 : It schall harde þe stomak and lythe [vr. let] þe digestioun.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)857 : I..lay dovne on a lynche to lithe my boones.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)34/13 : A goud playstre for þe canker and helpyng..hit lyþe wonder-follyche.
b
- a1325 SLeg.Theoph.(Corp-C 145)123 : Swinch muche ich þolie ofte mi sone forto liþe [Ld: to maken liþe].
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)19345 : God did iesu rise..And has him lithed on his righ[t] hand.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)433 : He me wil solace and liþe And in þis care maken bliþe.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)8.98 : Clerkus and knyȝtes welcomeþ..mynstrales, for loue of here lordes lithen [B: litheth] hem at festes.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)353 : Al þat suthfast lithes me [vr. All þat is sothfaste likes me] lely both euyn and morn.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)124/16 : Kayssaris..grete kyndynes me kythes; Lordis and ladis, loo, luffely me lithes, For I am fairer of face..Þan glorius gulles.
c
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)2794 : Þassautte com so þikk and swiþe, Þat no weryng ne miȝtth hem liþe.
3.
(a) Of soreness: to become less painful; of the wind: to abate, grow calm; (b) of a person: to be gentle, act mercifully; (c) to speak mildly or cheerfully.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)77.20/10 : Þanne byð þas innoþas sar..liðiȝende, þat sona nan lað ne byð.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)101.66/1 : Sona þat sor liþeȝað.
- a1475 Sidrak & B.(LdMisc 559)10507 : He shall comaunde þe wynde to lythe And hit shal be stille as swhithe.
b
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)95 : Ac þe þet on þam ercan [read: erran] to-cume liðegedde þan sunfullen to þere godnesse, he demað..on his efter to-come.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)340/87 : Softly on the erthe he trade; ffulle myldly vs [altered to: he did] lythe.
c
- a1350 Horn (Hrl 2253)20/360 : Rymenild..con lyþe wiþ hyre mouþe.