Middle English Dictionary Entry

lighten v.(2)
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Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

Note: Cp. alighten v.(1).
1a.
(a) To lighten (a load); reduce the weight of hair on (the head); (b) to deliver (sb. or his body) from suffering; cure (sb.) of illness; relieve (a country or land); ~ of child, deliver a child for (sb.); ben lighted, be delivered (of a child); ben light of lif, ?be deprived of (one's) life, be killed; (c) of the body: to be relieved of an illness or pain; of diseases: decline; (d) to relieve (sb. of sorrow, burden, expenses, etc.); lighten (someone's heart or burden); reduce (someone's tasks or work), ease; assuage (sorrow); ppl. ilighted, relieved (of the weight of one's sins).
1b.
(a) To be comforting; cheer (sb. or the heart), gladden; (b) of persons or the heart: to be cheered or gladdened.
2.
To make (sth.) soft; soften.
3.
(a) To descend (from a higher place or position), get down; fall; ~ adoun; ~ on loue, come downstairs; (b) to dismount (from a horse, mule, camel, vehicle, etc.); ~ (a)doun; -- also refl.; ~ on (upon) fot, ~ afote, land on one's feet or the ground in dismounting; (c) of birds, persons, or creatures in flight: to fly down (to the ground or some place); swoop down (to a prey); arrive (in a place) by flying; ~ on (upon), alight (on sb., sth., a place); ~ (a)doun; also fig.; (d) of a cloud, fire, snow, dew, etc.: to descend; fall (on sb. or in some place); of leaves: drop (on the ground); ~ adoun, of the sun: descend (into a zodiacal sign).
4a.
Theol. Of Christ: (a) to descend (into the Virgin Mary); ~ in (into, on, upon, within); (b) to be incarnate; ~ doun; descend (from heaven); ~ in (on) erthe, come down to earth; -- also refl.; (c) to descend (into hell); ~ doun; -- also refl.; (d) to descend for the Last Judgment or the Assumption of Mary; ~ (a)doun; (e) to alight (in the faithful or the heart).
4b.
Theol. (a) Of God: to descend from heaven; ~ doun; (b) of the Holy Spirit: to alight (in the Virgin Mary); descend (on the disciples, Christ at His Baptism, etc.); ~ doun; -- also refl.; (c) of angels: to come down (from heaven); alight (in a place); of devils: descend (from the air); of Satan: fall (from paradise); ~ doun; (d) of the New Jerusalem: to descend (from heaven); ~ adoun; (e) of sinners: to descend (into hell); ~ doun (loue).
5a.
(a) To fall in battle, be killed; ~ in the erthe, ?descend into the earth, die; of severed limbs or heads: fall (on the ground); (b) of blood or tears: to fall (on a place); ~ doun; (c) of a weapon: to land (on a target).
5b.
(a) To fall spiritually (from a blessed or exalted state to a lowly or earthly one); (b) ~ loue, to suffer misfortune or adversity.
6.
(a) To strike (sb.) down, fell; ~ doun; (b) ?to lower (one's glance).
7.
(a) To arrive (at a place), come (to sb.), stop (in a place); (b) ~ into (on, upon), to mount (a horse or saddle); ~ up, spring up (on one's feet); (c) to settle down (in a state or condition); ppl. light, set down, settled; (d) of desires, wishes: to be lodged (in someone's heart); (e) of the sanctifying oil (? = the mercy of Christ): to come (to sb.).
8.
Phrases: (a) ~ in (on, upon), of persons: to be attracted to (sb.); of a person's love or liking: fall on (sb. or sth.); (b) ~ in (on, upon), of sins or guilt: to descend (on sb.); of God's blessing, grace, punishment, vengeance, etc.: be visited (on sb.); (c) ~ on, of death, harm, prophecies: to happen to (sb.), befall.
9.
(a) To be descended (from sb.); be born (of sb.); ~ of, of the Holy Spirit: proceed (from the Father and the Son), spring; ben ~, be born; (b) to result (from an act).
10.
(a) To stoop; condescend (to do sth.); (b) to submit (to a belief or faith), yield; ~ on, abide by (a decision), agree to.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)112 : Al hys lyfe is lytyd upon a lytyl pynne At þe laste.
  • Note: New spelling
    Note: ?sense 7.(a)

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.31va (2.3) : By þe albowe, is a veyn þat comeþ fro..þe mylt..& bledyng of þat veyn..fordoþ sekenes of þe splene & mykel abateþ wikede humores of melancolie & mykel liteþ man.
Note: Additional quot. Gloss: liteþ, v. pr. 3 sg. 'relieves, lightens (of a burden)'.