Middle English Dictionary Entry
lighten v.(2)
Entry Info
Forms | lighten v.(2) Also light(e, lightein, ligten, liȝt(e(n, liȝthe, liht(e(n, licten, lithen, lithten, listen, lī̆te & (S) leiȝt & (early) lihtæn, liþte. Forms: sg. 3 lighteth, etc. & (early) lichteð, leoþtað; p. lighted(e, (error) lightd, etc. & light(e, liȝt(e, liȝth, liht(e, licte, liste, lī̆te, (early) lichte; pl. lighten, liȝten, lihten, lī̆ten; ppl. i)lighted, liȝted, liȝthed, ilihted & light(e, liȝt(e, liȝth, ligt, i)liht, lith. |
Etymology | OE līhtan |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. alighten v.(1).
1a.
(a) To lighten (a load); reduce the weight of hair on (the head); (b) to deliver (sb. or his body) from suffering; cure (sb.) of illness; relieve (a country or land); ~ of child, deliver a child for (sb.); ben lighted, be delivered (of a child); ben light of lif, ?be deprived of (one's) life, be killed; (c) of the body: to be relieved of an illness or pain; of diseases: decline; (d) to relieve (sb. of sorrow, burden, expenses, etc.); lighten (someone's heart or burden); reduce (someone's tasks or work), ease; assuage (sorrow); ppl. ilighted, relieved (of the weight of one's sins).
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)217/28 : Ȝe schulen..ischauen fowr siðen i þe ȝer to lihtin ower heaued.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)304 : Lyghtyn chargys or byrdenys: Deonero. Lyghteyn, or make wyghtys more esy: Allevio.
b
- c1175 Body & S.(1) (Bod 343)21 : Nefst ðu nenne freond, þe þe wylle faren to..and þe æfter lihten.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24489 : Quen i sagh son warto þai tight, Al mi licam can þai light.
- 1408 WBible(2) (Frf 2)Is.9.1 : Liȝtid [Roy: In the firste tyme the lond of Zabulon and..Neptalym was releessid; vr. aliȝted; WB(1): aleggid or maad liȝt; L alleviata].
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)46/35 : Oure lady..was lyghted of oure lord.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)207/1716 : His felow of his lyf was lyght.
- a1500 Wars Alex.(Dub 213)2814 : I shall lefe & be lightyd [Ashm: lechid]; þarfore be ȝe light.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)79 : [Carmelites] maken wymmen to wenen Þat þe lace of oure ladie smok liȝteþ hem of children.
c
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)77.20/15 : Þanne leoþtað [?read: leohtað] him se lichama.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)126a/b : In þe dawinge, sikenesse of bestis he liȝtiþ and abatiþ.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)24489 : Quen i sau sone quarto þai thight, All mi licam bigan to light.
d
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)71/29 : Ic wile lihten ȝeuer berðene, ȝif ȝe mine rad hlesten willeð.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)181/21 : Warp awei from me alle mine gultes þet ich, ilihtet [Nero: ilihted; Recl.: liȝtted] of hare heuinesse, lihtliche stihe up to heouene.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)289 : Ne og ur non oðer to sunen oc eurilc luuen oðer; also he were his broder..ligten him of his birdene.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5727 : He light [Göt: helpid; Trin-C: halpe; Frf: confort] þam o þair wa.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10501 : Þis bodword can hir care to light.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24647 : Of þil langur was þou light [Frf: liȝt; Phys-E: lift], Bird o blis.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1082 : Wroth was she that sholde his sorwes lighte.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)467 : Jupiter took of hym cure At the prayer of Venus, The whiche I preye alwey save us, And us ay of oure sorwes lyghte!
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)18/515 : My ledy hert is lightid vnto tyn Bi comfort, loo, but absence doth me war.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)154/4601 : Then spedith the hit forto light me..of my grevaunce.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)249/14 : Ȝif þou be mercyful..of oþeris charge þou art lyȝthed.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)214/34,35 : By this ordynaunce and this accompte, thou maiste be y-lyghted of costagis..thou shalte lyght the trauaillis of thy baronage.
1b.
(a) To be comforting; cheer (sb. or the heart), gladden; (b) of persons or the heart: to be cheered or gladdened.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)24/229 : Ha..beoð alle ilihtet & igleadet, ham þuncheð, of his onsihðe.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)10 : Þe herd had wiþ him an hound, his hert to liȝt.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4776 : Iacob, wen he was mast in sijt, God lighted [Göt: confortid; Trin-C: coumfortide] him.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22727 : Siþen vp til heuen him stei..His disciplis for þis sight..Mikel he did þair hert to light [Frf: liȝt].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2116 : Ydumeus..Counforted hym..And besy was his hert for to liȝt.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.634 : He..made a song..Somwhat his woful herte for to lighte.
- a1425(a1396) Maidstone PPs. (Wht)344 : Lord..So sende me grace for to gretyn Water þat may my hert light!
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)60/69 : Ihesu, graunt me grace to þorst Þe water of lyue þat euer schal last, Þe wel þat is euer lyȝtyng.
- a1450(c1433) Lydg.St.Edm.(Hrl 2278)412/911 : This heuenly noise gan ther hertis lyhte.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)251 : Þe lettres of sir Lucius lyghttys myn herte.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.2 Merch.(Hrl 2255)152 : Nothyng moore myn herte myht lihte.
- a1450(?a1349) ?Rolle Luf es lyf (Cmb Dd.5.64)70 : Þar es na thyng my hert mai light bot lufe, þat es ay new.
- (1473) Paston (Gairdner)5.173 : Ye have lyghtyd myne hert therin by a pound.
b
- c1330(c1250) Floris (Auch)59 : So bliþe he was of þat steuene Þat his herte bigan al liȝt [Suth: he..in his hert bygan to lyȝt].
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.396 : It was so fair a sighte That it made al hir hertes for to lighte.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5163 : Þan bigan his ert to light [Göt: liht; Frf: liȝt].
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)24489 : Mi hert be-gan to rise & liȝt.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)27113 : Qwat man mai sai his hert lightes Agains quam godde selfe he fightes?
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)368 : By oure Lorde..now lyghttys myn herte!
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5255 : Sire Alexander hire a-vises, & all his hert liȝtis.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1151/14 : So doth my harte lyghte gretly ayenste hym.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)120/138 : Me thynk my hart lyghtys.
- a1500 Alas alas and (Cmb Ff.1.6)4 : Why hath fortune done so crewelly, ffro me to take Away þe seyte Of þat þat gewrt my hert lyte?
2.
To make (sth.) soft; soften.
Associated quotations
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)194/2 : Ne beo neauer þing se heard, soð luue lihteð [Cleo: Mac: lichteð; Nero: makeð nesshe; Recl.: liȝtteþ] hit & softeð & sweteð.
3.
(a) To descend (from a higher place or position), get down; fall; ~ adoun; ~ on loue, come downstairs; (b) to dismount (from a horse, mule, camel, vehicle, etc.); ~ (a)doun; -- also refl.; ~ on (upon) fot, ~ afote, land on one's feet or the ground in dismounting; (c) of birds, persons, or creatures in flight: to fly down (to the ground or some place); swoop down (to a prey); arrive (in a place) by flying; ~ on (upon), alight (on sb., sth., a place); ~ (a)doun; also fig.; (d) of a cloud, fire, snow, dew, etc.: to descend; fall (on sb. or in some place); of leaves: drop (on the ground); ~ adoun, of the sun: descend (into a zodiacal sign).
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)454 : Yf þu ert so myhti so þu seyst þat þu beo, Lyht a-dun of þe croyz.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11612 : Iesus..lighted [Göt: lited; Trin-C: went doun] of his moder kne And stod a-pon þaa bestes.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1373 : Thenne comaunded þe [syre] in þat sale to samen alle þe meny; Boþe þe ladyes on loghe to lyȝt with her burdes.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2220 : He rusched on þat rurde rapely a þrowe, & wyth quettyng a-wharf, er he wolde lyȝt.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)1208 : Wyes an hundred Wer ded of þat dynt & in þe diche lyȝten.
b
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)18/29 : Dauid..bead heom þet heo of heoræ anride lihtæn sceoldon.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)793 : Anan swa ich lihte [Otho: liþte] of blonken, swa ich wlle blawen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5387 : Heo iseiȝen Belin king buȝen ut of telde, & heo lihten adun.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)162 : He liȝte of his stede.
- c1300 Horn (LdMisc 108)4/51 : Þe king licte adoun [vrr. lyhte; aliȝte] of his stede.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2473 : Of his hors sone he liȝt.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)5396 : Liȝteþ al to þe ground.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)6033 : King Arthour & king Ban..& þe fourti liȝt..& gerten her stedes.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1122 : Þe kyng of mountmiree of is stede him liȝte adoun..þe Amyral of hym axeth..wat tydynge þay had y-broȝt.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2145 : Þan com þer an heþene kyng rydynge atte ȝete..he liȝt him doun.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.7 : Traianus..liȝt doun [Higd.(2): lepede downe of his hors].
- c1390 NHom.Virg.to Devil (Vrn)73 : Wel mote þou lihte and prey.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1580 : Alisandre..Cam ridende..he..Liht of his hors.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1183 : Doun of his hors Aurelius lighte anon.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3158 : Þe child he dide o þe ass light [Trin-C: liȝt; Göt: lyht].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3256 : Biside a well he lighted [Göt: lithed; Trin-C: liȝt] dun.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)329 : Feersly þat oþer freke vpon fote lyȝtis.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)822 : Sere seggez hym sesed by sadel, quel he lyȝt.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)196 : He lighte doun of his steede and stood on þe gras.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.1274 : Dephebus..smet hym so þoruȝ his platis briȝt..þat he made hym liȝt.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)592 : Of his palfray lighted he down.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)620 : To þe well he rade gude pase, And doun he lighted.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.24.64 : Rebecca liȝte doun [WB(1): descendide; L descendit] of the camel.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)32 : One a muyle..Gayely scho glydis..Sythene vndir a lorere scho lyghte.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)933 : Than ferkez this folke and on fotte lyghttez.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)256 : On a laund þer þay laye, [þe] Lordis downe lyghte [vr. lyght].
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)19/24 : He lighte off his horse, and went..to þe iewes.
- (1443-9) Paston2.60 : He cam redyng fro Wantown Gappe to the grete Cate, and there he lyted.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)3424 : Adoune on fote he wolde þen þere leyȝt.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1273 : Þe freke was fallen & on foote light.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9498 : The Troiens lighten doun lyuely.
- c1450 Lond.Chron.Cleo.(Cleo C.4)132 : Sir John Steward and his brother..lyten a foot and were slayn every modyr sonne.
- c1460 Ipom.(3) (Lngl 257)353/3 : They come at a faire wele vndre a grene tre, & there they light down.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)308 : Talamewe is lyght adowne.
- c1450(c1400) Emare (Clg A.2)206 : Her norysse..Wyth her she goth forth..And wer sette in a chare..The mayden..Lyȝte aȝeyn..þe emperour.
- c1450(c1400) Emare (Clg A.2)210 : Her fadyr..Lyȝte of hys stede.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)105/23 : Þe Enchantere..lightyd doun of his Mule.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)29258 : Sparewen þerto liht.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)70/5 : Brid..forte sechen his mete..lihteð to þer eorðe.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)70/8 : Þe gode ancre, ne fleo ha neauer se hehe, ha mot lihten oðerhwiles dun to þer eorðe of hire bodi.
- ?c1335(a1300) Cokaygne (Hrl 913)108 : Þe leuerokes þat beþ cuþ Liȝtiþ adun to man is muþ.
- ?c1335(a1300) Cokaygne (Hrl 913)130 : Nis þer hauk no fule..Bettir fleing..Þan þe monkes heiȝ of mode..þe abbot..biddiþ ham [the monks] liȝt to euesang.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.7072 : Riht as an hauk which hath a sihte Upon the foul, ther he schal lihte.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)151b/a : Þe fulture..for careynes..liȝtiþ..to þe grounde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10776 : A duu þat was fra heuen send Þare lighted [Göt: Lihtid; Ld: light; Trin-C: liȝt] dun.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)347 : Hire þouȝth a dragoun adoune liȝth To hire chaumbre and made a fliȝth.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5948 : Þe egle..on her shipes sodeynly he liȝt.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)391 : Of al þe fowles þat er in flyght, Lighted so thik opon þat tre.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)25/7 : The fewle commes and lightes apon þe awter.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)5.187 : Make a sowne on bras, & thou shalt haue Hem [bees] lightyng in sum bush or tre.
- c1440(a1400) Eglam.(Thrn)847 : Þare come a grype flyande þare; Hir ȝonge sone fra hir he bare..in þe land of Iraelle gane he lyghte.
- c1440(a1400) Eglam.(Thrn)1160 : In my foreste gun he lyghte; A grippe to land hym broghte.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)9/33 : When Abraham to oure Lord his sacrifice made, þe foules þeronne liȝtid.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)3147 : Oppon the bote Thre ravenes lyghte adoun.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)220 : Laners and lanerettis lightten to thes endes.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)14 : On neuius þat stood þer sey certeyn birdis þat come out of tybir and litid up on hym.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)455 : Þe gryffoun..At þe last he lyȝt adoun To reste a whyle.
d
- a1300 Edi beo þu (Corp-O 59)26 : Þu ert eorþe to gode sede; on þe liȝte þe heouene deuȝ.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3651 : Fier is on hem [Israelites] bi-siden liȝt; fele it brende.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1248 : Phebus..now in Capricorn adoun he lighte, Wher as he shoon ful pale.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3384 : A fyre brennyng on hym gan lyght.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)18767 : A clude þat þar a-gain him light [Trin-C: doun aȝeyn him coom] Bitaght him til his angels bright.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22727 : His [Christ's] disciplis..A clude again sagh þai light..And bar him [Christ] vp.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)526 : Þe leuez laucen fro þe lynde & lyȝten on þe grounde.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1560 : Blaȝt ere þaire wedis As any snyppand snawe þat in þe snape liȝtis [Dub: lightes].
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4785 : Quare it [the fire] liȝt on his like, it lichid him for euire.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)132.3 : Lo how goed & how delitabill brethere to won in ane..as dew of hermon that lightis in the hill of syon.
4a.
Theol. Of Christ: (a) to descend (into the Virgin Mary); ~ in (into, on, upon, within); (b) to be incarnate; ~ doun; descend (from heaven); ~ in (on) erthe, come down to earth; -- also refl.; (c) to descend (into hell); ~ doun; -- also refl.; (d) to descend for the Last Judgment or the Assumption of Mary; ~ (a)doun; (e) to alight (in the faithful or the heart).
Associated quotations
a
- a1350 Harrow.H.(Hrl 2253)31 : Ihesu crist..lyhte [vr. liȝted] of ys heȝe tour into seinte Marie bour.
- 1372 In bedlem is (Adv 18.7.21)17 : He lithtede in þat loueli þing for lounesse of hire lif.
- a1400 PPl.B (Trin-C B.15.17)7055 [11.240] : Jhesu Crist on a Jewes doghter lighte [Ld: alyȝte], Gentil womman though she were.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1069 : He lyȝt wythinne þe lel Mayden.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)68/16 : Godd sent wisdom in til erthe and lightid in Virgin Mary.
- c1425 Castle Love(2) (Eg 927)448 : No wonder if this castel wer ful fair in siȝt, When God, the sonne of riȝtwisnes, wald therin liȝt!
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)20/21 : Goddes sone of heuene liȝt in hire & took oure kynde in hire.
- a1450 Adam our fader (Sln 2593)p.43 : In a maydyn he gan lyght.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)892/12 : The Sonne of the Hyghe Fadir..lyght within a maydyn.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)157/161 : A sterre xulde ful louelye lythtyn vpon mayd marye.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)87/35 : My son shall in a madyn light.
- a1500 Methodius(3) (Stw 953)833 : Cryst in mary lyte & conceyuyd of þe holy gost be þe vertu of goddys myte.
- 1607(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hrl 2124)98/327 : God..in her he light graciouslie, mankind to doe good.
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)55/598 : Þu..lihtest hider to us of heouenliche leomen & nome blod & ban i þet meare meiden.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)901 : [Christ] lihte nu late, of heouenliche leomen..&..nom blod ant ban of a meidenes bodi.
- a1275 Wolle ye i-heren (Trin-C B.14.39)55 : Lowe he liste ut of is trone to sauen us alle quike & dede.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)20 : Welle heg is..heuen riche; vre louerd..liueð ðer abuuen; wu ðo him likede to ligten her on erðe Migte neure diuel witen.
- a1350 Iesu suete is (Hrl 2253)138 : Iesus, þou lihtest from þe heȝe hous.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)18749 : Iesus..lighted [Frf: liȝt; Trin-C: liȝte] in erth fra heuen hei, And fra þe lau vs dos up stei.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20531 : I lighted doun and man becam.
- a1400(?a1325) Bonav.Medit.(1) (Hrl 1701)207 : Fro heuene he lyȝte for þe to deye.
- a1425(c1300) Assump.Virg.(1) (Add 10036)123/433 : I lyȝt doun and man bi-cam And of þat maide flesche nam.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)31/24 : Þis kyng..cam fro heuene & liȝt in erþe & for oure bihoue bicome man.
- c1450 Earth(3) (Cmb Ii.4.9)34/75 : God lytyd in erth, blyssed be that stounde!
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)60/115 : He will lyght fro heuen towre ffor to be mans saueyoure.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)61/148 : Emperoure and kyng, Ryche and poore, both old and ying, temper well youre gle Agans that kyng lyght downe ffor to lowse vs of pryson.
- 1607(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hrl 2124)99/362 : I, Davyd, saie that God almighte from the highest heaven to earth will light.
c
- a1250 Creed (Blick 6864)p.138 : Ich geleue..on halende crist..On eorþe gebered. Lichte to helle.
- ?c1335 Þe grace of god (Hrl 913)181 : Þe þ[r]id dai vp he ros; After þat he liȝt in to helle, Þer al þe sowles wer, iwisse.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)18605 : Vntill hell þat lauerd him light On paske-dai als at mid-night.
- c1450(?c1400) Wycl.Elucid.(StJ-C G.25)22 : Þe disciple axiþ, 'whanne liȝtide he doun into helle?' þe maistir answeriþ, 'aboute mydnyȝt, whanne he roos on þe morewe.'
d
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)454 : One Mannes sone hi shulleþ seo..in a cloude liȝte adoun.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)261 : On domesday..he [Christ] wole lihten [vr. lyȝte] adoun.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20776 : Our lauerd hou [read: him] lightd of his palais..To fote his moder bodi ham.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22993 : Vr lauerd sal ligh[t] Dun to þe cludes þat ar on hight.
- a1425(c1300) Assump.Virg.(1) (Add 10036)135/858 : Cryst of heuene..Amonge þe apostles sone he lyȝt [vr. a light].
e
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)138/24 : Iesu..godes sune..licomliche lihteð oðerhwiles to ower in.
- a1350 Suete ihu king (Hrl 2253)27 : Iesu..vndo myn herte ant liht þeryn.
4b.
Theol. (a) Of God: to descend from heaven; ~ doun; (b) of the Holy Spirit: to alight (in the Virgin Mary); descend (on the disciples, Christ at His Baptism, etc.); ~ doun; -- also refl.; (c) of angels: to come down (from heaven); alight (in a place); of devils: descend (from the air); of Satan: fall (from paradise); ~ doun; (d) of the New Jerusalem: to descend (from heaven); ~ adoun; (e) of sinners: to descend (into hell); ~ doun (loue).
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2787 : Ic haue min folkes pine sogen, Ðat he nu longe hauen drogen; Nu am ic ligt to fren hem ðeðen.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3126 : Our lauerd dright To faand abraham, don he light [Frf: liȝt].
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)691 : I schal lyȝt into þat led and loke myselven If þay haf don as þe dyne dryvez on lofte.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)17.11 : He [God] heldid heuens, and he lightid down.
b
- a1275 Louerd asse þu ard (Trin-C B.14.39)149 : Þe holigast..scal in þe listen [?read: licten].
- a1275 Seinte marie leuedi (Trin-C B.14.39)6 : Seinte marie..þe he brovste al wið riste þen holi gost to listen in þe.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12868 : Þar þe haligast him light [Trin-C: liȝt] In scap of douf.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)19588 : Ne thoru þin hend has þou na might To ger þe haligast at light.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)19.197 : One spiritus paraclitus to pieres & to his felawes; In lyknesse of a liȝtnynge he lyȝte [C: a-lyghte] on hem alle.
- a1425 Here begynnes a new (Roy 17.C.17)249 : Sere tonhges ther were sene, That full fere were betwene, That opon tham alle it lyght, The Holy Gost throw Godes myght.
- c1435 Chaucer CT.Pri.(Sln 1685)B.1661 : O bussh vnbrent brennynge in Moses siȝt..þe goste..whan he in þine hert lyȝt [vrr. alight, aliȝt, aliht; Heng: he thyn herte lighte], Conceyued was þe fadres sapience.
- a1456(a1402) *Trev.Nicod.(Add 16165)107a : I..sawe þe holy goost light vpon him in þe liknesse of a Coluer.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)196/1412c : It was vppon þe pentecost, Swyche time as þe holy gost Lyght adown, in forme of fyre, Amongis his aposteles with glad cher.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)51/15 : Yn syght of Seynt Ion and all þe pepull, þe Holy Gost yn lykenesse of a whyte dowe lyght on Crystes hed.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)160/7 : Þe Holy Gost..lyȝt yn yche of hom yn liknes of tonges of fyre.
c
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)61/665 : An engel..com..to þet ferliche fur, i þet lei lihte.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)667 : Nefde ha bute iseid swa, þet an engel ne com lihtinde wið swuch leome from heouene.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)2461 : Te engles lihten of heuene.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)38/20 : Sathanas..of parais lihte se lahe.
- a1275 Seinte marie leuedi (Trin-C B.14.39)4 : Gabriel, to þe he liste.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)656 : Þe deuelen..makeþ hem body Of þe aire..Doun to liȝt.
- c1330 Roland & V.(Auch)51 : An angel liȝt doun in þat stede.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8934 : Þar lighted [Göt: lithed; Frf: liȝt] dun of heuen ture Angels, þat war selcut scene.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)13822 : I moght stir ne fot ne hand; Þe angel lightand [Trin-C: liȝtyng; Göt: lighting] ai i bade.
d
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)943 : Þe nwe [Jerusalem]..lyȝt of Godez sonde.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)988 : I syȝe..Jerusalem so nwe and ryally dyȝt, As hit was lyȝt fro þe heuen adoun.
e
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)34/16 : Henlunges..makieð..us..to lahhe se lude, þe seoð ham lihte se lah of se swiðe hehe, from þe heste in heouene to þe laheste in helle.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1983 : Ic sal ligten til helle dale.
- a1400 Primer (1891) [OD col.] (StJ-C G.24)p.104 : Ȝif y liȝte [Cmb: schal go] doun to helle, þou art at me.
- ?c1400(c1340) *Rolle Psalter (Sid 89)Cant.Ez.13 : Þo þat lightes in þe lake schal noght abide þi sothefastnes.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)164 : Nowe I am a grisely gaste..With Lucefere in a lake lawe ame I lyghte.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)27.1 : I sall be like til thaim that lightis in the lake, that is, til thaim that ere halden in hell.
5a.
(a) To fall in battle, be killed; ~ in the erthe, ?descend into the earth, die; of severed limbs or heads: fall (on the ground); (b) of blood or tears: to fall (on a place); ~ doun; (c) of a weapon: to land (on a target).
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)3340 : Wel louwe he dede hem liȝt Wiþ diolful dintes sare.
- c1440(c1350) Octav.(1) (Thrn)145/1319 : Thore mene myghte see helmes bare And heuedis..Fulle lawe to þe grownde þan lyghte.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1782 : Ȝone lorde es lyghttede..He sall noghte dere vs todaye.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11115 : Pirrus..Vnioynet the Jawmbe of þe iust arme, Þat hit light on þe laund.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)271 : Oure knyghtis lyghtede one þe bent.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)21.31 : In syght of him sall fall all that lightes [L descendunt] in the erthe.
b
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)8045 : Hir faire fyngurs..all-to rafet the rede chekys..That the blode out brast & on brest light.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)322 : Teres trillyd adoun and on þe toumbe lighten.
- c1500(a1450) ALacrim.(Hrl 2274)p.272 : For ioye then wolde my teres doun light.
c
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)423 : Gauan gripped to his ax & gederes hit on hyȝt..Let hit doun lyȝtly lyȝt on þe naked.
5b.
(a) To fall spiritually (from a blessed or exalted state to a lowly or earthly one); (b) ~ loue, to suffer misfortune or adversity.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)6/50 : Þe of se muchel hehschipe & se seli freodom, schal lihte se lahe in-to a monnes þeowdom.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)22/342 : Nu þu art iweddet, & of se heh se lahe iliht.
b
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)268 : Whene he es in his mageste hegheste and maste es of myghte, He salle lighte fulle lawe.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1270 : Many lyghte sall lawe, þat hym ouere lande folowes.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2362 : Ȝit liȝt he law at þe last for all his lethire prid.
6.
(a) To strike (sb.) down, fell; ~ doun; (b) ?to lower (one's glance).
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22020 : Bi þe wai als nedder sal he [Antichrist] sitt, Þat all þaa men..Ridand in þe reule o right, He sal þam smett and dun þam light [Göt: do þaim light].
b
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.293 : Hir lokynge gan she lighte, That nevere thoughte hym seen so good a syghte.
7.
(a) To arrive (at a place), come (to sb.), stop (in a place); (b) ~ into (on, upon), to mount (a horse or saddle); ~ up, spring up (on one's feet); (c) to settle down (in a state or condition); ppl. light, set down, settled; (d) of desires, wishes: to be lodged (in someone's heart); (e) of the sanctifying oil (? = the mercy of Christ): to come (to sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)79 : A mon lihte from ierusalem in to ierico.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)10/1 : Ha [Death] lihteð hwer se ha eauer kimeð wið a þusent deoflen.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2252 : Ðo nomen he forð weie rigt Til he ben cumen in-to egypte ligt.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.786 : This messager comth fro the kyng agayn, And at the kynges modres court he lighte.
- a1400(?a1325) Bonav.Medit.(1) (Hrl 1701)47 : On a þursday þedyr he lyȝt.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)800 : I yow byseche Þat ȝe wolde lyȝt at my loge and lenge þerinne.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1924 : Þe lorde is lyȝt at þe laste at hys lef home.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)725 : Fro þe tyme þat I was lyght In cowrt, was none so hend knyght Þat unto me þan walde take hede.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3594 : The bolde kynge..Turnys thorowe Tuskayne, taries bot littill, Lyghte noghte in Lumbarddye.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2404 : Þan movis furth þe messagere of mylis bot fewe Þat þai nere liȝt as belyue at þe kyngis tentis.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)634 : Thay lightede appon a lawnde so clere Vndir þe Mownte Mowmartere.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)2.172 : This lorell..Lyghte on þe lordschepe þat to þe brid longid.
b
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)19a : How þei moste ben vsed to stye and to lyȝt on hir hors on boþ sides.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)969/27 : He..toke hys harneyse and lyght uppon his horse.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)3355 : Wrothely into hys sadyll he lyght.
- a1500 Parton.(1) (Add 35288)4116 : The kynge..lyghte vp lyghtely on hys fette.
c
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)18/285 : Þis is..hare song, þe beoð i lahe of wedlac, þonki godd..þet he greiðede ham..a swuch stude in to lihten.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)18/289 : Ha [the weak] driuen dunewart i wedlac etstutten & in þe bed of his lahe softeliche lihten.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)247 : Syþen into gresse þou me aglyȝte..And þou in a lyf of lykyng lyȝte.
d
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)13686 : A longyng vnlefful light in his hert.
e
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)26/11 : Ich habbe isehen hali & halwende eoli as hit lihte to me.
8.
Phrases: (a) ~ in (on, upon), of persons: to be attracted to (sb.); of a person's love or liking: fall on (sb. or sth.); (b) ~ in (on, upon), of sins or guilt: to descend (on sb.); of God's blessing, grace, punishment, vengeance, etc.: be visited (on sb.); (c) ~ on, of death, harm, prophecies: to happen to (sb.), befall.
Associated quotations
a
- a1350 Bytuene mersh (Hrl 2253)12 : Mi loue is lent ant lyht on Alysoun.
- a1350 Wiþ longyng (Hrl 2253)22 : Leuedi..my loue is on þe liht.
- (1357) Gaytr.LFCatech.(Yk-Borth R.I.11)92/510 : Covatise..is wrangwisely to gete any thing That oure likyng or oure loue lightes opon.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2075 : On hym for-soþe my loue ys liȝt, for he ys god baroun.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)1540 : Þe firste tym þat I ȝow mett..my luf on ȝow lyghte [vr. lyȝth].
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)42/1 : Who so liȝteþ on any creature & makiþ þeronne his dwellynge..and sekiþ noȝt ouer to þe grete loue of oure Lord..lese þe swete smel of heuenly hony.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)201/1576b : Though þi love be on a lady lyght, [etc.].
- c1450(?a1400) Chestre Launfal (Clg A.2)308 : All hys loue yn her was lyȝth.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)581 : The mayden..Said all hyr loue was on hym light.
b
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)289/36 : God forȝaf þat Monk his pliht..þe grace þat he let on him liht.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)4950 : Now ys commyn our alde sakis wille liȝt on vs wiþ harde wrakis.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)213 : With þis worde þat he warp, þe wrake on hym [Lucifer] lyȝt.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)235 : Bot þat oþer wrake þat wex, on wyȝez hit lyȝt.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)51/18 : His cursynge lighte [Rwl: discendeth] vpon his owene hed.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4153 : Þe writhe of þe wale god..on vs liȝtis.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)358/94 : Heyl moder of mercy..the blessyng..vp on you..is lyth.
- c1475 *Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)10/25 : I see vppon us light the strokes that ben digne of deth.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)7.17 : In the skalp of him his wickidnes sall lyght [L descendet].
c
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)7383 : Þe ded salle never mar on þam lyght.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)872 : Whan we schul houe & byholde..þe loþe of þe layk liȝt on vs-selue.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)732 : Haue a gud eȝe Les on þine ane here-efterward þine ossyngis liȝt.
- a1500 Ihesu þt was borne (Adv)28 : He þat more vnpes wolde haue..I pray to god..on hymselue þat hyt mey lyȝthe.
9.
(a) To be descended (from sb.); be born (of sb.); ~ of, of the Holy Spirit: proceed (from the Father and the Son), spring; ben ~, be born; (b) to result (from an act).
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)895 : Al þet lihte of ham [Adam and Eve]..schulde forleosen.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1773 : Wendeð to þe wealdent..godd heouenlich feader..& hereið..Iesu Crist..& te hali gast..þe lihteð of ham baðe.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)599 : Of þe lyfe þat he liȝt off, he like was to nane.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4494 : Ilk lede þat liȝt is of ȝour lede, ȝe call þe litill werde.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)51/9 : Ȝef ei mon bit to seon ow, easkið him hwet god þer of mahte lihten.
10.
(a) To stoop; condescend (to do sth.); (b) to submit (to a belief or faith), yield; ~ on, abide by (a decision), agree to.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)7/57 : Nalde ha nawt lihten se lahe to luuien.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)2.1386 : We wil not lyght lower than ye vs layde.
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)775 : Þet tu þin misbileaue lete þenne..& lihte to ure [belief].
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1011 : Þet tu wlenchest te in, & liht to ure lare.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12240 : Hit was tretid..þo tore kynges bothe Schuld..light on a dome Of Agamynon.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)112 : Al hys lyfe is lytyd upon a lytyl pynne At þe laste.
Note: New spelling
Note: ?sense 7.(a)
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.31va (2.3) : By þe albowe, is a veyn þat comeþ fro..þe mylt..& bledyng of þat veyn..fordoþ sekenes of þe splene & mykel abateþ wikede humores of melancolie & mykel liteþ man.
Note: Additional quot. Gloss: liteþ, v. pr. 3 sg. 'relieves, lightens (of a burden)'.