Middle English Dictionary Entry
light n.
Entry Info
Forms | light n. Also lighte, liʒt(e, lijʒt, liʒht(e, liʒth, ligt(te, ligth, liht(e, lith(e, litht, līte, lit(te, (early) lichte, lict, licth, liste, (errors) licch, liʒst, ligh & leght, leight, leiʒt, leiʒth, (early) leoht, leocht, loht. |
Etymology | OE; cp. A lēht, WS lēoht. Forms in i are due chiefly to LOE - early ME palatal umlaut before ht, but also in part to analogy with the verb; cp. A līhtan, WS līehtan. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) Light as a substance that illuminates objects or colors, light as seen or present in a condition where vision is possible; lightes leme; (b) light as one of God's creations; (c) the property of light inherent in the physical composition of a substance; potencial ~.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)126/20 : Ne heom þær nefre ne bið isceawed lihtes leome.
- a1200(?c1175) PMor.(Trin-C B.14.52)282 : Nis þar nafre oder liht þan þe swarte leie.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)17/30 : Þe uttreste is se þiesternesse of helle, ðar næure ʒiete liht ne cam.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)3236 : Þe presoune was all wroght of stane, And lyght of wyndows was þare nane.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Jer.31.35 : The Lord..ʒyueth..ordre of the moone and of the sterres in liʒt of the nyʒt.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1989 : Wyndow on the wal ne was ther noon Thurgh which men myghten any light discerne.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.220 : God shal destroye the fruyt of the erthe..ne water shal yeue hem no moysture, ne the eyr no refresshyng, ne fyr no light.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)119a/a : Austyn..seiþ þat liʒt is a bodily substaunce most simple in kynde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)120a/b : Eueryche byschinynge is a certein out-stremynge of þe substaunce of liʒt.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)304a/a : Ʒit haþ colour no might to schewe himself but by light þat schyneþ in dede þer vpon.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1137 : Light is nought good for sike folkes yen!
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.186 : Liʒt is more swift þan heeryng in perseyvyng, as sowne comeþ softe, but liʒt comeþ soone.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)110b/b : He schal lye in a derke house þat he se no liʒt.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)34b/a : It [a watry aposteme] glistreþ somwhat aboute lighte.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)33/20 : Fariþ it bi vs as by a childe..born & norischid in a dongoun vndir þe erþe, þat neuer liʒt sawʒ.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12499 : A myste & a merkenes myngit to-gedur..Was no light but a laite.
- c1460 Chaucer TC (Hrl 1239)4.300 : Ne neuer wyl I see it shyne or Reyne, Ne see no lyght.
- ?c1475 *Trev.Nicod.(Sal 39)138b : Y seye Ihesus as hyt were bryʒt blasynge of leyʒth.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)23 : The..ij doers..dyd flye wyd opyn. And the light aperid as hit had byn owt.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)100/10 : Þa wæs sone iworden liht.
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)233 : Werpð..his [God's] loht leoem and lif, his water drench and fiscynn.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)139 : Ure drihten seide þis deie..'beo liht, and hit wes liht.'
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)44 : He [God] wit hise word made ligt.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)119b/a : Liʒt..schediþ itself fro þe hiest heuene..to þe myddil of þe worlde..þis is þe firste gendrid liʒt þat was I-maad þe firste day..þe sonne and..sterris ben berers of þe firste liʒt.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)330a/b : In þe furste day god made seuene manere þinges: matiere and forme, light oþer fier, þe ouer heuenes, water, eorþe, and aire.
- c1425 *Wycl.Concord.(Roy 17.B.1)88a : God..seide liʒt to schyne of derknesse.
- c1450(?c1400) Wycl.Elucid.(StJ-C G.25)5 : He [God]..þe secunde day divydide..light fro derknesse.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)2/23 : At the begynnyng of oure dede, Make we heuen & erth, on brede, and lyghtys fayre to se..darknes from light we parte on two.
- a1500 Methodius(3) (Stw 953)23 : Lythe he made as hym best thowt.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)119a/b : Liʒt may be in þe aier or in eueryche oþir body.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)119b/a : Liʒt..beschineþ nouʒt alwey but onliche whanne hit fyndiþ a body wiþ matere disposid and able to beschine.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)307a/a : Light [L lucidum] is y-hud in derke parties and is so oonliche in might as hete of brymstone and of peper..potential light þat is in a medled body and derk passeþ nouʒt to worke in dede but by comyng of outward light.
1b.
(a) The light emanating from the sun, moon, planets, stars, etc.; the light or flame of a lamp or candle; blaze of a fire; -- sometimes pl.; also fig. the loved one occupying a house; yeven ~, to emit light; shine on or for (sb.); ~ to, illuminate (sb. or sth.); (b) daylight; ~ of dai, the time of daylight, dawn, daybreak; also, day; bi (the) ~, bi ~ of dai, in daytime, by daylight; (c) in asseverations: bi this ~.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1110 : Se mona on æfen beorhte scinende, & syððan litlan & litlan his leoht wanode.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)143 : Þe sunne hire liht forleose.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)40/671 : Alswa is meiden i meiðhad bute meokeschipe, as is wiðute liht eolie in a lampe.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)12/95 : Þet fur [in hell] ne ʒeueð na liht.
- c1300 SLeg.Dunstan (LdMisc 108)17 : Ore louerd crist fram heouene þat liʒt sende, And þat folk..heore taperes þarof tende.
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)412 : Ʒif þov heolde ane clere candele bi-side an Appel riʒt, Euene half þe Appel heo wolde ʒiuen hire lijʒt.
- a1350 Lenten ys come (Hrl 2253)25 : Þe mone mandeþ hire lyht.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2931 : The ground agast was of the light.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.183 : The derke light that shal come out of the fyr that euere shal brenne shal turne hym al to peyne.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.3221 : O Phebus, which the daies liht Governest..let thi lyhtes ben unborn.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)132a/a : Fyr is liʒt [L lux], and fire is cole.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1771 : Sun and mone had tint þair light.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)163/36 : Whanne þe talow of a candel is doon..þanne þe liʒt wole passe.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)1.163 : Chastite wiþoute charite..is as lewid as a laumpe þat no liʒt is inne.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1272 : Þay..pyled alle þe apparement..þe chef chaundeler, charged with þe lyʒt Þat ber þe lamp..Bifore þsancta sanctorum.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416:Everett)115/5 : Oules mowen not wel see adai for liʒt of þe sunne.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.696 : Arthouris Plowe..to schipmen on þe sterry nyʒt Iis suffisaunt, whan þei sen his lyʒt.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1778 : Þe..sonne..schoon..for to ʒeue hym lyʒt.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1298 : Hym to gwy he ne fonde no liʒt..of priket nor of torche.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3582 : Grekys..kyndle[d] fyrys and maad ful gret lyght.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.543 : O paleys empty and disconsolat, O thow lanterne of which queynt is the light.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.5.12 : The moone pale and with hir derke hornes aprocheth the sonne, leeseth hir lyghtes.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)57/8 : A sterre cam doun & ʒaf him light.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)244/35 : To al þe world and to ony creature þat wil be maad warm by hym, it [the sun] ʒeueþ liʒt.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)299 : Ther sat a queene That, as of lyght the somer sonne shene Passeth the sterre..fayrer was than any creature.
- (1442) Visit.Alnwick230 : We enioyne yow..that nyghtly ye hafe competent lyght in the dormytory to the ease of your susters in rysyng to mattyns.
- a1450(c1409) Man haue hit (Dgb 102)62 : Ʒoure rule is groundid in charyte, As liʒt of lanterne to lede þe way.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)1276 : Þe cerge þat stode bryngnyng..Þis mayde toke..& blewe ouʒt þe leyʒt.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)122 : His [the sun's] lem on þe loft liʒht ʒaf aboute.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)964 : She was lyk to torche bryght That every man may take of lyght Ynogh, and hyt hath never the lesse.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1781 : Qua sa had it [the gold] on a hepe haly to-gedire, It wald vs let..þe liʒt of þe son!
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)215/14 : Þe lanterne þat men beren wiþ liʒt to-for a man techeþ hym better.
- a1475 As Reson Rywlyde (Hrl 3954)44 : Þe sonne lost his lith; þe clowdes gan clappe.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)17/30 : Fyrst I make hevyn with sterrys of lyth [rimes: myth, bryth].
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)48b/b : Þe sunne is moost noble..and ʒeuere of liʒt to alle oþir.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)25/9 : In a candell are thre thyngis, scilicet, wex, weyke, and lyght.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)24 : My good Awngell..brynging my sawle in to a grett playn valey, wher was nother mone ne sonne ne ster that gaffe any liʒte.
- a1500 Leg.Cross BC(1) (Wor F.172)221 : The Lord wold nat that holy tree shuld lak light of the divyne godhed.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)1078 : Joyfull Jupiter..Myrthfull Mercurie, The leame of his lyght lykes well my hert.
b
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Dom.Quadr.(Bod 343)44/26 : Nis idellic ær to arisenne & ær lihte to waciʒenne.
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)233 : Si moder hire bearn formes..cheteð and blissið be þe lichte.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)198 : He can schede..þat þuster from þe liʒte [Jes-O: lyhte].
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)366 : Ich ne mai iso biliʒte.
- ?a1300(c1250) Prov.Hend.(Dgb 86)st.24 : Drink eft lasse, and go bi liʒtte [vrr. lith, lyhte] hom.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)29/493 : Til þe liʒt of day sprang, Ailmar him þuʒte lang.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)75 : He [the devil] was mad on ðe sunedai; He fel out on ðe munendai..forð glod ðat firme ligt.
- c1330 St.Greg.(Auch)67/262 : Erlich in a morning Er liʒt com of þe day, Þai seye abot cum waiueing.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.62.2 : God..to thee fro liʒt [WB(2): ful eerli; L de luce] I wake.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)260/60 : Þer lay Maryne ofte a niht, whon heo mihte not come hom bi liht.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.3192 : It drogh toward the liht.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.3465 : The dai made ende and lost his lyht, And comen was the derke nyht.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6517 : Be lyhte of day Yit wole he stele and make assay.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8674 : I kneu wel be light o dai [Frf: quen hit was day] O þis treget sco had me don.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14195 : Qua has to wenden ani wai, God es to go bi light o dai.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)1503 : Þe lyʒt of day begynneþ to faile.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1456 : Envyous day..why sekestow this place, Ther God thi light so quenche?
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Judg.6.31 : He that is aduersarie of hym die bifor that the liʒt of the morew dai [WB(1): morwetyde liʒt; L lux crastina] come.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)222 : In þe temple was suche a lyʒt That al þe Jewes..Wende hit had be lyʒt of day.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)2/7 : Rennes fast do wilis ye haue liht [Rule(2) 87: day], Þat þe mirkennes o ded ourtake þe noht.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)15/31 : Þat tay may haue þe morning in þe begining of þe lyth to þair labur.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)87 : The derke nyght..Berafte me my bok for lak of lyght.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)599 : Thow farst by love as oules don by lyght: The day hem blent..what love is, thow canst nat seen ne gesse.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1779 : Doun was the sonne, and day hath lost his lyght.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.34.21 : Yf the mone shewe himself by light of day, than maist thou worche this same conclusioun by the sonne.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1136 : Nunes sal vnto matens rise When þe day be-gyns to daw, Þat þai litters bi light may knaw.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)27/18 : I wolde..that they be leyde or the lyght of the day com.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)118.148 : A goed werk man..rysis bifor light til his werk.
c
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)521 : Y wil noʒt, by þis liʒte.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)1 : I have gret wonder, be this lyght, How that I lyve.
- a1500 Play Sacr.(Dub 652)227 : Sey me..be this lyght, Wat payment..wollde yow me make?
1c.
The light issuing from, or provided by, truth, righteousness, knowledge, wisdom, grace, etc.; ~ of conninge (grace, resoun), etc.; also, the state of intellectual enlightenment or excellence.
Associated quotations
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)3/10 : Apollo and his suna Esculapfius and Asclepius; and Asclepius was Ypocrates yem..hy aluste þa leoht þæra læcecræfte.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.9 : His [Christ's] face..shone as þe sonne forto ʒiue þe liʒth of gode ensaumple to oþere.
- c1350 Ayenb.App.(Arun 57)270/12 : Man is more betere þanne a best; Liʒt of man is lyʒt of þoʒtes.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.100 : Cecile may eek be seyd..'Wantynge of blyndnesse' for hir grete light Of sapience.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1669 : Lady..Thow..getest vs the light of thy prayere To gyden vs vn to thy sone.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416:Everett)106/2 : We errede fro þe wei of soþnesse, and liʒt of riʒtfulnes liʒtede us nouʒt.
- a1425(a1349) Rolle MPass.(2) (Upps C.494)51/11 : Ihesu..lene me þe liʒt of grace to haue sum insiʒt in soule.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)195 : In myrknes of unknawyng þai gang With-outen lyght of understandyng Of þat, þat falles til ryght knawyng.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.2.31 : Now lyth he emptid of lyght of his thoght.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.10.29 : Whosoevere may knowen thilke light of blisfulnesse, he schal wel seyn that the white beemes of the sonne ne ben nat cleer.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.4.202 : [Men] ne may nat lyften hem [their eyes] up to the light of cler sothfastnesse.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)292/29 : In myn [God's] hous..schulde schyne þe goostly margaryte stoon of riʒtwiisnes & liʒt of kunnyng.
- ?c1425(c1390) Chaucer Fort.(Benson-Robinson)9 : Yit is me left the light of my resoun, To knowen frend fro fo in thy mirour.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)3b/b : Ypocras..ladde þe firste þe crafte of medicyne to perfite liʒte among þe Grekes.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)27 : Þe wisdom and þe kunnynge, þe sadnes and þe liʒt of discrecioun..ʒeueþ þe soule loue and myʒt.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)51/36 : In processioun liʒt schal go bifore þe crosse, vndirstondyng þat lyʒt of wisdam schal go bifore penaunce, þat þe crosse bitokeneþ.
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)30 : Þe lyght of more holy doctrine schoone vn to me.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer Pity (Benson-Robinson)94 : Have mercy on me, thow Herenus quene..Let som strem of youre lyght on me be sene.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)9/25 : Þe eye of his [St. Augustine's] mynde was Iqwenchid with þe grete lith of sotil vndyrstanding whech is conteyned in scriptur.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)134/35 : Thes maner thynges a man may not do wythout wysdome and vndyrstondynge and lyght of connynge.
2.
(a) Intense brightness, brilliance; the dazzle or luster of a precious stone or metal; leme and ~; leme of ~ [see leme]; (b) the radiance or glory of Jesus, the Virgin, God or his countenance, angels; light of heaven or paradise, etc.; -- sometimes pl.; (c) aungel of ~ [cp. aungel 1b. (b)]; contre of ~, heaven.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1582 : Swuch leome & liht leitede þrinne, þet ne mahten ha nawt lokin þer aʒeines.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)723 : Wiþinne þe castel is whit schinynge, [As] þe snowʒ..And casteþ þat liʒt [vr. lyʒht] so wyde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9945 : A tron..es o gretter light and leme Þan somer dai es son bem.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9951 : Þe leme o light ai lendes neu, Þat menges wit þaa colurs heu.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)69 : Towarde a foreste I bere þe face, Where rych rokkez wer to dyscreuen -- Þe lyʒt of hem myʒt no mon leuen.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.1030 : For most chefe al dirkenes to confounde, Was a charbocle..To..gladyn al þe halle..With þe freschenes of his rody liʒt.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)364 : An amerawd was þe stane..On fowre rubyes on heght standand; Þaire light lasted over al þe land.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1125 : Sich lyght sprang out of the ston That Richesse wondir brighte shon.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)1676 : Seuene bemes brith Sey he..come fro þe sky, Whech to þe crosse sent forth her lyth.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)242 : Þe kerchef..so cler wexed, Myʒt no lede on hit loke for liʒt þat hit schewed.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)4421 : I segh satan hym selfe slippe out of heuyn, As þe leuenynges light, þat laches to ground.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3335 : It [the crown] gaue so glorius a gleme of gold & of stanes, Þat..þe loge for þe liʒt lemed as of heuen.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)126/9 : [In heaven] on sundfulnesse þæs brihte lihtes ʒe..bliþe wuniæð.
- c1200 Wor.Serm.in EGSt.7 (Wor Q.29)92 : Þe engel stod bi heom [the shepherds] and godes licch vas abuten heom.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)76 : Sunne and mone and houen fur boð þestre aʒein his [God's] lihte.
- a1200(?c1175) PMor.(Trin-C B.14.52)382 : Hi nabbeð naht iliche muchel alle of godes lihte.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)26/247 : Aʒein þe brihtnesse & te liht of his leor, þe sunne gleam is dosc.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)90 : God ledde hem fro helle nigt to paradises leue ligt.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)287 : Euerilc on ðat helden wid him..fellen ut of heuones ligt In-to ðis middil walknes nigt.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.403 : He hir soules saugh to heuene glyde With aungeles ful of cleernesse and of light.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1043 : Such lyʒt þer lemed in alle þe stratez, Hem nedded nawþer sunne ne mone.
- a1475 As Reson Rywlyde (Hrl 3954)87 : I sawe angelis with gret lithe Of seraphynnys order adowne gan sende.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)17/37 : Aungell in hevyn evyr more xal be In lyth ful clere bryth as ble.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)360/151 : Gracyous lady..schal ye from vs passe radyant in youre lythis.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)3/72 : He may well hight lucifere ffor lufly light that he doth bere.
c
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Cor.11.14 : He Sathanas transfygurith him into an aungel of lyʒt.
- a1400 Ancr.Recl.(Pep 2498)5/16 : Poule clepeþ hym Aungel of liʒth.
- c1425(c1400) Primer (Cmb Dd.11.82)p.55 : Lord..we biseche..þat þou sette þe soulis of þi seruauntis..in þe cuntre of pees and of liʒt.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.32/26 : They that..scornyth oure Sabatte dayes..we schall take them as men transfiguryng them-self yn to an Angell of lighte.
- a1450(?1348) Rolle FLiving (Cmb Dd.5.64)91/80 : He [the devil] transfigurs hym in þe forme of an awngel of lyght [vr. ligth].
3.
(a) A source of light; a candle, torch, lamp, etc.; a lighted signal; a heavenly body; -- sometimes coll.; also fig.; (b) a lamp or set of candles burned in church commemorating a festival or saint, in front of the cross, maintained by a guild, used in religious processions, etc.; -- sometimes coll.; (c) one of the candleholders on a candlestick or candelabrum; (d) fig. a distinguished or eminent person.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)112/28 : His wlite, & his beorhtnesse oferscinæð alle oðre liht.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)576 : Þat grim bad leue bringen lict [rime: nicth] For to don on his cloþes.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.411 : He..wook of his sleep and heet brynge liʒt [Higd.(2): lyʒhte; L lumen].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.836 : With a prive lyht..he hath his weie take Into the chambre.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1486 : Lampes wer grayþed, And oþer louflych lyʒt þat lemed ful fayre.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3544 : With-oute torche or liʒt, To Medea he hath þe weye take.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6290 : Traitourly he gan hym for to hiʒe Vp-on þe walles..And toward Grekis gan [to] shewe a lyʒt.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1 : O blisful light, of which the bemes clere Adorneth al the thridde heven faire!
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.1.16 : God made twei grete liʒtis [WB(1): liʒt ʒyuerys], the gretter liʒt that it schulde be bifore to the dai, and the lesse liʒt that it schulde be bifore to the niʒt.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)247/34 : Þis soule bereþ in hersilf a candil of gracious liʒt þat it resceyuede in þe sacrament of baptisme, into þe which soule entriþ watir of synne & baþith þe wyke of liʒt of gracious baptisme, [etc.].
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)304 : Lyghte, or þat þynge þat yevythe lyghte, as sunne and candel and oþer lyke: Luminare.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)715 : O clere heuens liʒt, That next þe sonne cercled haue ʒour spere.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4231 : Many liʒtis of a liʒt is liʒtid othire-quile.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)365/271 : Wachith me..wyth youre laumpys and lithtis.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.9.5b : Mi niʒst is my liʒst in my delicis.
- a1500 Leg.Cross BC(1) (Wor F.172)218 : [David] sette ther suche light and watche with kepers.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Dunstan (LdMisc 108)5,6 : In a candel-masse day, Þat folk was muche at churche..As huy stoden alle with heore liʒt..heore liʒt queincte ouer-al.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7806 : Vor me ne miʒte no chirchegong wiþoute liʒte do.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.317 : Kyng Offa..sente..an hondred [mark] to Seynt Peter his liʒt [Higd.(2): lyʒhte; L luminare].
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.43 : Yey schuln fynden and meyntenen a lythe of to torchis of wax..euery day brennynge at leuacioun of crystys body sacred.
- (1389) Lond.Gild Ret.in Bk.Lond.E.(PRO C 47/var.)52/69 : Þer schul be founde vije tapres..for to be liʒt on heiʒe Feste dayes.
- (1423) Reg.Chichele in Cant.Yk.S.42 (Lamb 69)267 : I wul þat myn exectours..ordeigne other lightes to brenne at Dirige and at masse.
- (1430) EEWills85/6 : Y be-queth..to seint Mergret lyght, iiij d.
- (1444) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 852 : For exspensys for the lytte at hestyr for the trendul and the tapyr, iii s. i d.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)170 : It is leeful ynouʒ forto..bere liʒt and sette up candelis bifore an ymage, [etc.].
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)51/35 : In processioun liʒt schal go bifore þe crosse.
- (1451) Will York in Sur.Soc.30149 : I will..to the lightes in the parishe kirke iij s. iiij d.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)22 : The servauntis..offered thereto garlondis and lite.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)609/26 : Whatsoeuer þinge myht be leueyid..sholde be for þe susteynynge of a lyhte in wex a-fore þe cros in þe quere of þe monasteri.
- a1500 LRed Bk.Bristol2.152 : The saide Jorneymen..shall..pai..xviij d..to the finding of a light to brenne in the worship of oure Ladi.
c
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.23 : Yei shulle offren a candel of fyue lightes, brennande aforn ye heye Auter.
- (1448) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 1349 : Itm., i hongyng candelstike of laton wt v lyghttes.
d
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5489 : O Troye..Þi liʒt is lost.
4.
(a) An opening in a wall through which light may penetrate; (b) any of the vertical sections between the mullions of a window [cp. dai 11.].
Associated quotations
a
- (1434) Indent.Fotheringhay in Med.Mason246 : To the two respownds of the sayd qwere shall be two perpeynwalls..and in either wall three lyghts.
- (?1451) Paston2.229 : It was not her part to desyr of hym to stop the lyts.
- a1500(1396) Indent.Francisc.in RS 4.1 (Vit F.12)524 : The..Maire, Aldermen and comnalte shall make a wall of stone with owte ony wyndowys or lyʒth.
b
- (1409-10) in Salzman Building in Engl.483 : In the end of the same south eill sall be a couenable windowe of thre lightes.
- (1434) Indent.Fotheringhay in Med.Mason246 : He shal mak a wyndow of four lights.
- (a1471) in Willis Archit.Nomencl.51 : In the south side of the chappell be three windowes, every windowe conteineth vj lights.
5.
The faculty of sight; the light of the eye; pl. eyes; lifes ~, life, the light of life; -- said also of a beloved person or object [see also lif la. (b)].
Associated quotations
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.16.28 : For þe leesyng of twei liʒtis [WB(2): iʒen; L luminum], oon vengeaunce I take.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)648 : Er þy lyves lyʒt leþe upon erþe, And þenne schal Sare consayve.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)330/20 : He as a blynd man..lackeþ liʒt to deeme colouris.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.23/24 : Light and sight to the syke was restoryde.
- c1450(1399) Chaucer Purse (Benson-Robinson)15 : Purse, that ben to me my lyves lyght.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)7723 : His Ene, leuenaund with light as a low fyn [?read: fyr], With stremys full stithe in his stepe loke.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9269 : All the leght has he lost fro my leue ene.
6.
(a) The condition where there is light; the state of being in public view or sight; in ~, ?clearly, plainly; comen in (to the) ~, to come into public view, appear; be revealed; comen to the ~ of oure knouleche, be disclosed to us, become known; (b) a lighted place, a place where there is daylight; the realm of light, heaven; also (in phrases only) the lighted space to be occupied or traversed by a person: stonden in ~, to take (someone's) place; obstruct or block (someone's) way; (c) a phenomenon or instance of brightness, a bright light, a flash of light, a beam of the sun; (d) lightning; ~ of thonder; leveninge ~.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16742 : Wha sitt iss þatt ifell doþ, He shuneþþ lihht & leme & fleþ to cumenn to þe lihht, Þatt he ne wurrþe tæledd.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16748 : Wha se follʒheþþ soþ & rihht Inn alle gode dedess, He cumeþþ gladdliʒ to þe lihht.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)230 : Eurich þing þat schuniet riʒt, Hit luueþ þuster & hatiet liʒt [Jes-O: lyht].
- a1350 Ichot a burde in boure (Hrl 2253)70 : Serewe..wolde..me lede to my lyues ende vnlahfulliche in lyhte.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))John 3.20,21 : Ech man that doth yuele, hatith liʒt, and he cometh not to the liʒt..he that doth treuthe, cometh to the liʒt.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15892 : Wald he [Peter] noght cum in light.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1743 : Whan Goddis sone starfe vp-on þe rode..liʒt turned in to dyrknes.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)96/9 : Liʒt is betire knowe for derknes, and derkenesse for liʒt.
- c1425 *Wycl.Concord.(Roy 17.B.1)87b : He þat doiþ euyl hatiþ liʒt.
- a1450(1413) Glade in god call (Dgb 102)93 : Men do in derk, god seeþ in lyʒt. Synne, morþere..Not may be hyd fro goddis syʒt.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)107/11 : Þese tokenes..cam to þe lite of our knowlech.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Pilate (Hrl 2277)226 : Pilatus com to liʒte..And iseʒ his bodie alforswarted.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1049 : God at-wot in-to hise ligt.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Tim.6.16 : Oure Lord Jhesu Crist..hath immortalite and dwellith in liʒt, to which no man may come.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3396 : Absolon..fer was from hir sighte; This nye Nicholas stood in his lighte.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.920 : I wolde thanne do my myht So forto stonden in here lyht.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)307a/a : It fareþ in hem þat beþ longe y-closed in derke place þat seeþ..right nought whanne þey beþ sodeinlyche y-brought in to light.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)327/1123 : My fadir..Ys a feond..And wonyþ in þe eyr aboue þe lyʒt.
- a1450(a1387) PPl.A(2) (RwlPoet 137)12.96 : Þou shalt be lauʒth into lyʒth with lokyng of an eye.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)11 : Þou woldist take a þing out of a derk place..and loke it in þe liʒt.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)2143 : Sende a fewe aforn, Right aftir hem, and with a myghty honde Another way on even or amorn Caste to come in and in their light to stonde.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)359/118 : I beseke that..my brether, the appostelis, myht me be before to se me, and I hem or I passe to that lyth [rime: myth].
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)27 : The firmament opynd, and my saule was browʒt into a fair gret lyʒt and joy.
c
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1120 : Ðises geares com þet leoht to Sepulchrum Dni innan Ierusalem twiges.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)12/29 : Ic on þan tid mycel liht þerof iseah.
- c1200 Wor.Serm.in EGSt.7 (Wor Q.29)93 : Heo veren of drede for þet muchele licth þet heo iseʒen.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1680 : Þer is a liht & leitinde leome..i þet heouenliche lond.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)30/4 : Þet liht a-lei lutlen.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)50/107 : Þo iseiʒen huy gret liʒht..ase apiler stonde upriʒht.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)588 : She saw þer-inne a lith ful shir..Aboute þe knaue þer he lay.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 22.9 : Thei that weren with me syʒen..the liʒt.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4297 : She..saugh a litel shymeryng of a light, For at an hole in shoon the moone bright.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1289 : Þe mikel light þat he sagh þar, A brennand fire he wend it ware.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.967 : Þe wallys..whan þe sonne schon, Vp-on þe gold meynt among þe stoon, Þei ʒaf a liʒt.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)220 : In þe temple was suche a lyʒt, That al þe Jewes..Wende hit had be lyʒt of day.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.Cock (Hrl 2255)47 : A fowle gloowerm in dirknesse shewith a lyght.
- (1449) Metham AC (Gar 141)1070 : A glymyrryng lyght Off the sunne yn the leuys on her face gan glyde.
- a1450(?1409) Vision Staunton (Roy 17.B.43)59 : Y was ware of a litel light afer, as it had be the dayng of þe day.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)799/30 : He saw a lyght com.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)146/15 : I saw a grett lyght with shene shyne.
d
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6283 : Ech dunt þoʒte liʒt as it were & þondring.
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.600 : Opon þe scheld he ʒaue him swiche a dent, Bifor þe stroke þe fiir out went, As it were liʒt of þonder.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)105b : His peple wende he had be I-slayn wiþ a strook of leight.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)2243 : In concel thay were al nome, Whethyr anny rayn, thondyr, or lyʒt Hadde be of al that seven-nyght.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1988 : With a leuenyng light as a low fyre, Blaset all the brode see as it bren wold.
7.
(a) Elucidation; yeven ~, to explain, elucidate; (b) guidance; inspiration; yeven ~ to, to guide (sb.); (c) a source of inspiration, guide, shining light; one who enlightens; ~ of the world, Christ's disciples.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)16 : Holi Writt ʒeueth litel or noon liʒt therto at al.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.5.14 : Ʒe ben liʒt of the world..So shyyne ʒoure liʒt before men, that thei see ʒoure good werkis.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416:Everett)45/18 : Ʒif þei wollen be a sterre ʒeuynge liʒt to men wiþ here goode liuinge..þei mowe se þe wei to heuene.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)75/10 : Ʒe haue þe wey of is [Christ's] parfiʒt doctryn confermyd of þe apostlis, and..liʒtnyd wiþ þe cleer liʒt of doctours.
c
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 13.47 : The Lord comaundide vs, I haue putt thee into liʒt to hethene men that thou be into heelthe.
- (1395) Wycl.37 Concl.(Tit D.1)4 : Thei [the disciples] ben clepid salt of the erthe, and aftirward the light of the world.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.FCLife (Corp-C 296)195 : Preostes..shulden ben lyʒt of heuenly lif to alle men.
- a1450(?c1430) Lydg.DM(1) (Hnt EL 26.A.13)534 : Sire Curate..Whiche shulde haue ben of conuersacioun Mirroure vn-to other, light & exaumplarie.
- c1450(c1386) Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Benson-Robinson)84 : She is..the verray lyght That in this derke world me wynt and ledeth.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)43/36 : That thomas..was lyght to holy churche in hyr youth.
8.
Fig. (a) Power; (b) joy, happiness;(c) ?safety, preservation.
Associated quotations
a
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6001 : Grace and ewre [and hap] of olde fortune..myʒt nat contvne Nor perseuere in her first lyʒt.
b
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416:Everett)140/9 : A pore soule..mai not se liʒt while he lokeþ in derknes.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)77/34 : With-[out] als wer browne, & vnhappy with-outen lyght I lurk.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)609 : To derke ys turned al my lyght.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 19.5 : Þe lord hath don gret liʒt [altered to: helþe; WB(2): heelthe; L salutem] to al israel.
9.
(a) Fig. God, Christ, the Virgin Mary, or?any supreme being; also, the faithful or righteous; ~ and leme; ~ of grace (hele), etc.; (b) the divine light or presence; salvation, grace, truth, spiritual enlightenment, righteousness, virtue; eche ~, eternal bliss; yeven ~, to enlighten (sb.), impart spiritual insight (to sb.); (c) insight, perspicacity; also, the capacity for rational understanding or judgment; natural ~; (d) fader of light(es, lord of ~, God; lanterne of ~, the Virgin Mary; piler of ~, St. Peter; child (son) of ~, the faithful, the righteous, a believer.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)64/20 : Þe mildheortæ Crist..is middaneardes liht.
- c1225 Nic.Creed (Jun 121)5 : Ic ileue..on enne crist..god of gode, liht of lihte.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)19087,19091 : Crist himm sellf, he wass soþ lihht, Þatt shan all þurrh himm sellfenn..& Godess Word, soþ leme & lihht, Wass i þe werelld fundenn.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)35/26 : Criste..was ðat soðe liht, þe lihteþ alche manne ðe cumþ on ðese liue.
- a1250 Cristes milde moder (Nero A.14)5 : Seynte marie..Þu ert mire soule liht.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)225-6 : Þe while ʒe habbeþ liʒt and mowe liʒt yseo, By-leoueþ on liʒt þat ʒe mowe children of liʒt beo.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Eph.5.8 : Ʒe weren sum tyme derknessis, now..ʒe ben liʒt in the Lord.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))John 12.46 : I liʒt cam in to the world, that ech man that bileueth in to me, dwelle not in derknessis.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)11303 : The lyʒt of grace þat never haþ ende..Ys God of heuene, and of erþe kyng..Ihesu.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17725 : Symeon..said, 'lauerd liued haf i lang Bidand to se þe light of hel Þat þou has dight to israel.'
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416:Everett)157/11 : For God is liʒt, and derkneses ben none in him.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)72/1 : He [Christ] is þe verry liʒt of truþe and fer fro al vntruþe.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)219/28 : Wiþout þat liʒt ʒee mowe not come to me þat am liʒt.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)317/7 : O eendelees God, O liʒt aboue alle oþire liʒtis.
- c1425 *Wycl.Concord.(Roy 17.B.1)87b : I am liʒt of þe world.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)11 : Iesu Crist is liʒt.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)66 : We suld..opyn our eghen to cryst on hyght, Þat namyd es ailastand lyght.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer ABC (Benson-Robinson)105 : O verrey light of eyen that ben blynde..Thee whom God ches to mooder for humblesse!
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)922 : Þou hast made thee a bronde of hell, Whom I made þe ymage of lyght.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)62/35 : Al moncynn..wearð..ablend for Adames ʒylte, & þæs ecan lihtes yfele bedæled.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)66/22 : Wene we..þæt he [Christ]..æfter his æriste & upstiʒe to heofonum us wyrde ætbroʒdon & his beorhte liht?
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)74/1 : Þa Iudeiscan..ne iseʒon na Crist mid soðæ leafæ ne his lihtes ne bedon.
- c1225 Sanctus beda (Wor F.174)16 : Þeos læ[rden] ure leodan on englisc; næs deorc heore liht ac hit fæire glod.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)3801 : Enngless & hallʒhe sawless..cumenn dun..Wiþþ heoffnes lihht & leome, Þatt is wiþþ witt & god innsihht Inn alle kinne þinge.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)18848 : Tæroff mihhtenn alle menn Onnfon soþ lihht & leme, To cunnenn & to cnawenn Godd.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)11 : We seien eow..wat þe holie apostle meneð þo he nemnede niht and niehtes dede and dai and leochtes wapne.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)13 : Elch man þe hem [evil deeds] doð..he sal forlesen eche liht and blisse..Ðe dai þe þe apostle of specð is ure rihte bileue, þat is, ure sowle liht.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)49/14 : Godd wule..ʒeouen ow liht wið innen him to seon & cnawen.
- a1275 Vid word (Trin-C B.14.39)6 : Do nu so wel þat þu þenne come to liste.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)p.193 : Lord..myn eʒen seʒen þyn helþe, Þe which þou diʒted tofore þe face of alle folkes, Lit to sheweinge of men.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)1 John 1.7 : If we walken in liʒt, as and he [God] is in liʒt, we han felauschip to gydere.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.633 : Semende of liht, thei werke The dedes whiche are inward derke.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)23114 : Traitours [and]..Murþereres..Haue lost holy chirches liʒt.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (LdMisc 210)21/4 : Þis loue is liʒt of mannes soule, with þe whiche..a man seeþ gostly God in hope.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416:Everett)158/2 : Who seiþ he is in liʒt and hateþ his broþer, he is ʒut in derknes.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)2 Cor.4.6 : God..hath ʒoue liʒt [WB(1): ynliʒtid] in oure hertis, to the liʒtnyng of the science of the clerenesse of God in the face of Jhesu Crist.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)2 Tim.1.10 : His purpos and grace..is schewid þurgh þe light [L illuminationem] of oure saueour.
- a1425 Here begynnes a new (Roy 17.C.17)391 : Thai of that dome sal af no drede, That here thare lyffe with lyght lede.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.6.116 : Aftir that the derknesse of desceyvynge desyrynges is doon away, thow mowe knowe the schynynge of verray light.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.1.29 : The thought..schal be makid parfit of the worschipful lyght of God.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)28/18 : Thou..mekely askidist a wille to suffre..Thow askidist also a loue and a liʒt and knowynge of my soþfastnes.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)75/30 : Þe wisdom of my sone ʒeueþ to man liʒt þat he mow knowe þe sooþfastnesse in þe weye.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)5307 : To hyr [Mary Magdalene] longyth þe secunde interpretacyoun, Wych is to seyn an 'illumynere' Or a 'yeuere of lyht'.
- a1450(?a1349) ?Rolle þi ioy (Cmb Dd.5.64)32 : Bryng me to þi lyght, þi melodi to here.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)25 : Bi þe þridde [transforming of the soul] is helid and ʒoten in-to þe soule sich a wisdom and sich a deep knowynge þoru þat wondirful medlyng and oonynge of Cristis liʒt liʒtnynge and of þe soule liʒtned, [etc.].
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)167/153 : Lorde..þi lyth is shynand clere to All mankyndys savacion.
c
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.7.16 : Yif thou wolt..demen soth with cleer lyght, and hoolden the weye with a ryght path, weyve thow joie, [etc.].
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)116 : If þe proofis..weren provyng in so greet likelihode of natural liʒt þe same seid xije trouþ, [etc.].
d
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)226 : By-leoueþ on liʒt þat ʒe mowe children of liʒt beo.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Jas.1.17 : Al parfijt ʒift is fro aboue, comynge doun of the fadir of liʒtis.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))John 12.36 : The while ʒe han liʒt, byleue ʒe in to liʒt, that ʒe be the sones of liʒt.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)10.30 : Kuynde..is..God..Þe lord of lyf and of liht.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416:Everett)138/8 : For euery parfiʒt ʒift and best comeþ fro aboue, of þe Fadur of Liʒt.
- c1425 *Wycl.Concord.(Roy 17.B.1)88a : Ʒe ben sones of liʒt.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)5 : [Our lo]fly lady, þat lanterne is of lyth.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)107/292 : Gramercy, ʒe lanterne off lyght.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)363/217 : Ye ben peler of lith and prynce of vs all.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)1393 : Thedyr went Attropos, peticion to make To Ryghtwysnes, praying that he myght Be take in to the seruyce of the Lord of Lyght.
10.
Cpds. and combs. (a) ~ barn (bere, berend, berer), the angel Lucifer; (b) ~ bem, a ray of light; ~ fat, a lamp or lantern; ~ fates mouth, an epithet of the apostle Philip; an apostle; (c) ~ makere (yevere), a source of light; a heavenly body; (d) ~ man, one who collects the ~ silver for the church; ~ silver, a rent for providing lights in the church; (e) ~ yeving, lighting, illumination; (f) candel ~ [see candel 2. (c)]; dai ~, daies ~, even ~, q.v.; herte ~ [see herte 2a. (c)]; heven ~ [see heven 7. (d)]; laumpe ~ [see laumpe]; mone ~, morwe-tide ~ [see mone, morwe]; oure ladi ~ [see ladie 4. (f)]; rode ~, sterre ~, q.v.; taper ~, thonder ~, torche ~, tortis ~, trendel ~ [see taper, thonder, torche, tortis, trendel].
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)1/28 : Þa wæs þæs..werodes ealdor..fæger..he wæs gehaten Lucifer, þæt is, Leohtberend.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)219 : Þa wes þes tyendes hapes alder swiþe feir isceapen swa þat heo was ʒehoten leoht berinde.
- c1330 Adam & E.(1) (Auch & Ednb-U 218)1 : Liʒtbern, þat angel briʒt..is now Lucifer.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)143/385 : Þes ilke screawe so hys lyʒt-banr [read: barn] Þat in-to helle god at-arn Ferst for hys prede.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)16/14 : Prede brek uerst uelaʒrede and ordre huanne liʒtbere, þe angel..wolde by aboue þe oþre angeles.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)60 : On angels on was schefe, And hys name lucyfer..in ynglysch 'lyʒt beyrer'.
- 1607(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hrl 2124)11/45 : Lucifer and lightburne, lookes louelie you be attendinge!
b
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)113.89/1 : Peoniam..on niht scineþ s[wa] leohtfæt.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)13399 : Filippe onn Ennglissh iss Lihhtfattess muþ bitacnedd.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)13440 : I sette ʒuw to ben Amang hæþene lede Lihhtfattess muþ, to spellenn hemm Off hefennrichess blisse.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)120b/a : A liʒt beme [L radius] is a briʒt streme of a body of liʒt.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ecclus.43.7 : Of the moone the signe of the holy day, a liʒt ʒyuere that is lassid in the ending.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.1.16 : God made two grete liʒt ʒeuers [WB(2): liʒtis; L luminaria].
- a1425(c1384) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ezek.32.8 : Y shal make alle liʒtmakers [WB(2): liʒt ʒyueris; L luminaria] of heuen for to mourne vpon thee.
d
- (1443) Reg.Gild Stratford3 : The prokators schull reseyue the lyʒt silvur [Macdonald reads: silver].
- (1445) Doc.in HMC Rep.5 App.528 : Received of lyʒte selvyr..3 li. 6 s. 8 d.
- (1446-7) Acc.Yatton in Som.RS 485 : Item, yreseived of lygtte men of Cleve and of Claverham..£ iij, vij s. vj d.
- (1457-8) Acc.Yatton in Som.RS 499 : For the lytemen of Cleve, Recharde Hayman and John Coukar for the taveryn, yreceved iiij marke ij s.
- (1463-4) Doc.in HMC Rep.5 App.523 : Paied to the Lyʒthselver of [?read: or] torcheselver..to Vincent Sedele 3 s. 6 d.
e
- (1427-9) RParl.4.364b : The seid Richard..hath begunne..to make a Toure to be uppon day light a redy Bekyn, wheryn shall be light gevyng by nyght to alle the Vesselx that comyn into the seid Ryver of Humbre.
11.
In surnames.
Associated quotations
- (1317) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames122 : Ric. atte Lighte.
- (1346) Close R.Edw.III50 : Robert Lyghtothemosse.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)538/14 : The veynes þe whiche ben late blode in men ben 33…In the hede ben xiii: two behynde þe eres…þe veyne of þe forhede, þe veyne of þe liʒte [*Ch.(1): puppe; L puppis], þe veyne of the nose.
Note: ?= back of the head. If so, can't find in MED s.v. light n.--per LMM