Middle English Dictionary Entry
letting(e ger.
Entry Info
Forms | letting(e ger. Also letinge, lattinge, (error) lettyngynge & (early) lettunge, lætting(e, lettingue. |
Etymology |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Hindering, impeding, preventing; ~ of, hindering or preventing of (work, an action, a process); ~ of (bi), hindering by (sth.); withouten ~ of, without obstruction on the part of (sth.); don ~ to, yeven ~, to hinder or impede (sb.); maken ~, hinder (sb.); also, be a hindrance, be preventing; (b) opposition, fighting against; withouten ~, without opposition; don ~ (on, yeven ~ to, to oppose (sb.); (c) contradiction; withouten ~, undeniably; (d) law act of hindering someone in the performance of a duty; the hindering of one's exercise of a right or privilege; obstructing one's lawful ownership of property, collection of rents, etc.; an impediment to the crowning of a king; a legal objection; (e) the blocking of a path or stream; an obstacle in a path or road; the blocking of one's vision; an obstacle to vision or to swallowing; ~ of voice, difficulty in speaking; withouten ~, without obstacles or hindrances.
Associated quotations
a
- (1413-9) Doc.in Bk.Lond.E.227/71 : The forsaid tenantz..aren destreyned..In gret hyndryng and lettyng of theyre labour.
- (?c1422) Hoccl.ASM (Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)818 : Set was myn herte in othir thoghtes veyne, Þat yaf me lettynge and impediment To thynke vp-on the perils consequent.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)97/6 : In þis fantasie hem þink þat þei haue a restful mynde of þeire God wiþ-outyn any lettyng of veyne þouȝtes.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5931 : For he ne can so dere it bye To have lordship and full maistrie, Ne have power to make lettyng..That of his chaffare, maugre his, Another shal have as moche, iwis, If he wol yeve as myche as he.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)52b/a : Prohibesis: lettynge.
- a1425 Nicod.(1) (Add 32578)448 : Two wycches..Did to moyses gret lettynge.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)97a/b : Parte þe flesche & þe braine panne softe & feire with a rasour, so þat þe partie of þe braine panne þat is broken mowe be remewed aweie wiþ-outen lettinge of þe fleisch.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)182b/b : Salte is cause of lettinge of mollificacioun in euerye place.
- 1425(a1400) Spec.Chr.(1) (Lnsd 344)89/6 : Lettinge of goddis seruize or of godenesse.
- c1425 PNoster R.Hermit (Dur-C A.4.22)159 : Whanne sche knew þe enchesoun þat made þe lettyng, redili sche sente to him & preiede him..to come & speke wiþ hir.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.FCLife (Corp-C 296)196 : Þe fend casteþ to dampne þe world and prestis for lettynge to preche þe gospel by þes foure..feyned contemplacioun..song..salisbury vse..worldly bysynes of prestis.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)343 : His seid burþen..to be lefte restyng in hym into apeiryng..of kynde and lettyng of his dewe occupaciouns.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)6/2 : Als sone is doom of deeþ ȝyuen vpon vs..þere in pyne wiþouten ende to be, but if þe mercy & þe goodnesse of hym whom wiþ oure waried synnes we haue wraþþid lettynge make.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)1.330 : For lettyng of hir lernyng dede he than soo.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)97 : Al he wole do slowliche for to make thee lettinges [F Pour toy livrer empeschement].
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)117b/b : Diȝte þe soor..to kepe þe membre fro stynkynge til þou knowe vttirly þe accident which is þe cause of lettynge of helþe.
- a1500 Degrev.(Cmb Ff.1.6)903 : Þer shall emporour ne kyng Þat shal hyr to bed bryng Þat I shall make a lettyng.
b
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1101 : And se cyng syððan scipa ut on sæ sende his broðer to dære & to lættinge.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)7820 : Ah nas hit noht swa iloten for lettinge com on ueste.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)263/76 : Heo eode fram þulke stude And eode hire to þe temple dore..With-oute lettingue [Corp-C: destorbance] In heo ȝeode.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3204 : Fro Ramese to sokoht stede Non man on hem letting dede.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)7590 : In to her cite þay wenten oȝan Wiþ outen letting of ani man.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4914 : For drightin, dos vs na letting!
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)4657 : To ride and ga widuten letting.
- (1410) Let.Bugge in Spec.14 (Vsp F.7)24 : That he lette noght ne yeue no lettynge to the forsaid Erl of Douglas..to come, entre, and tourne agayn to hym.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)173/17 : The cristene men wenten where hem lykede best..withouten lettynge of ony creature.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)26666 : He ne myhte fulfillen his entent, For he hadde gret lettynge þo.
- c1475 *Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)146/3 : Whiche [read: withe] the litle good will of diuers is therof founde a so grete arrogaunce and lettinge that they that can nothinge guyde nor conduit will bere noon armes vnder othir capteyns.
- a1500 Rule Minoresses (Bod 585)102/5 : Þat þis ordinaunce..be I-kepte entierli & holdin stedefastli wiþ owte any variaunce or lettinge.
c
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.23 : Ande yis is here entent, to make non ordinaunce in prejudice ne lettyng of ye comoun lawe, but only in worshepe of godd.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.2057 : Mooder, ther mai be no lettyng, Me hool off herte to graunte your axyng.
- a1500(?a1425) Ipom.(2) (Hrl 2252)1171 : And they said, with oute lettynge, He was worthy to be kynge.
d
- (1384) Procl.Brembre in Bk.Lond.E.(Gldh LetBk H)32/10 : Alle swiche vitaillers foreins..mowe come..withoute destourbaunce or lettyng of eny man.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1088 : He oght of resoun go to-forn..to be crowned kyng, Sith be lawe ther was no lettyng.
- (1423) Doc.Brewer in Bk.Lond.E.163/722 : Hit shall be lefful to þe forsaid John Pekker to have to his owen vs and to Carie oute shuche tymber..with owte any aȝens seying or lettynge of eny man.
- (1433) EEWills95/17 : I yeue hem holli vnto Maude, my wyf, scho for to doo with hem hir ovne fre wylle, with-ovten lettyng or disturbance of eny persone.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)77 : And ȝif he that wil cleyme swich right be duellyng in the countre oute of prisone and in good mynde, suffre the tenaunt to contynuen his sesyn in the same tenement..xl dayes after, be not the sesyn delivered to hym be devis pesibly with oute settyng cleym of lettyng [F destourbaunce] in the foorme aforn seyd.
- (1439) EEWills128/10 : If his wyf..worke the contrarye of this his present wille, in lettyng or distourbyng the saide executours of fulfillyng ther-of.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)371 : Nowe may lesse men haue leue to say whatt them lykes And hafe no lettynng be lawe.
- (1446) Will York in Sur.Soc.30124 : My full will is yat ilk one of my four said executors named in yis will be in like wise in fourm of lawe sworn yat he schall no thing do..yat schall be lettyng, grefe, or prejudice unto ye remanent of myne executors in execucion of my will.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.97/28 : Hit shall be lawfull to þe forsaide Abbot..þe saide crofte or telth to Entre and for Euer to haue, withoute lettyng of þe saide Water or of his heyris.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.145/4 : Fro þe tyme of þe Date of þese presente thynges, noþer By me, noþer by oony in my name..no lettyng, no puttyng away, or agayne-sayng, vppon þe takyng of þe saide tithis..schall suffre here-after.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)146/15 : Hit scholde be lefull to them..with-owte oony agayne-saying or lettyng of the sayde Richard..to distreyne & to nyme..tyl þe foresayde rente be fully payid.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)183/14 : They shold paye the forsaid rente..with-out ony gyle or disceite, all lettyng and occasion cesyng.
- (1476) Plea & Mem.R.Lond.Gildh.106 : It may and shalbe leefull to the said Robert my Sone..to doo with his oune propre prisoners without lettyng, reclayme, chalenge, or geynseying of me, the said Anneys.
e
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Wisd.19.7 : In the water that was biforn, the erthe aperede drie; and in the rede se, weie with oute lettyng [L sine impedimento].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)86b/b : Drines makeþ þe weye of þe voys rouȝe oþir streite, & of þat rougnes comeþ hoosnes & lettinge of þe voys.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3237 : Sche gan..to ascende..in-to a hiȝe pynacle, Þer as sche myȝt haue noon obstacle, Nor lettyng nouther, for to han a siȝte Of hym.
- (1422) Plea & Mem.in Bk.Lond.E.125/124 : Item, John Stone, Bruer, be-cause of lettyng of þe commune wey thoroweoute þe Rose in to Conyhopeslane, defectif.
- (1423) Plea & Mem.in Bk.Lond.E.135/155 : Robous is cast in there, to grete hindryng and lettynge of the streme.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)p.76 : Þis is þe Castel of Perseueraunse..but lete no men sytte þer, for lettynge of syt.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)4/28 : Þat we moten hym [God] se in his blisse, noȝt as in a myrour, but wiþouten ende, soþly as he is, wiþoute lettynge.
- ?a1450 Arderne LW (Em 69)112 : In the sqwynancy & in alle the swellynges of the throte & the nekke & in all the lettynges of swolowynge.
2.
(a) A hindrance, an obstacle, an impediment; also fig.; ~ of (from, to, unto), a hindrance to (sth.); withouten ~, unimpeded, unopposed, unhindered; (b) in pl.: the impedimenta of an army; the baggage, wagons, etc.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4571 : Godlac forh geinde..ah him com muchel lætting..Æst aras a ladlich weder.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)36/349 : Hwer se eauer þe gast wule, þe bodi is ananriht wiðute lettunge [Tit: lettinge], for ne mei ham naþing aȝeines etstonden.
- a1250 Orison Lord (Lamb 487)187 : Hwine con ich þe woȝe?..þe bitternesse of mine sunnen attri is þe lettunge; mine sunnen beoþ wal bi-tweone me and þe.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1076 : Ðo sori wrecches of yuel blod wulden him ðor gret strengðe don, Til wreche and letting cam hem on.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.7.35 : I seye thes thingis to ȝoure profyt..to that that is honest and ȝyueth faculte, or esynesse, with oute letting [Bible SNT(1): wiþ-outen lattynge; L sine impedimento] for to biseche to the Lord.
- c1390 Hose wolde be-þenke (Vrn)25,27 : For þreo lettynges þat þer bene, A Mon mai not deeme rihtwislye: Þe furste lettyng..A þing þat is to fer from eiȝe..Schal lette his siht þauȝ hit be clere.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.236 : And to that centre drawe Desireth every worldes thing, If ther ne were no lettyng.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)16560 : In tua þis tre þai scare..Al quat þai wald þar-of to scap, fand þai na letting þare.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)27092 : Again þis maner o letting We find thre wais o beting.
- (1409) Mem.Bk.York in Sur.Soc.125178 : That ylk man of the sayd crafte come to Seynt Loy evensangs..bot if he be seke or els that he hafe a resonable lettyng to excuse hym by.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2719 : In hir wittes [she] gan besely to meve..On any syde ȝif þer were obstacle Or any lettyng.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.230 : It hadde ben..huge lettynge vn-to oure viage.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)237 : Bot som men has mykel lettyng, Þat lettes þam to haf right knawyng Of þamselfe.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)57/12 : Warme he me..all letingis of lufe a-way puttand.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)299 : Lettynge: Impedimentum.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)281 : So þat no lettyng falle þerby to eny grettir werk of vertu þanne or a noþer tyme to be doon.
- a1450(?1348) Rolle FLiving (Cmb Dd.5.64)87/73 : Þat thyng þat þai wend war for þam, es lettyng till þam.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)75b : Ȝif þe winde is in his face & aȝenst hym, þat is helpinge to his enemyes schot & lettinge of his schott; þerfore euerych man þese lettinges voydeþ in as moche as he may.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)10/6 : Þe forþe lettynge is hardnesse of herte.
- c1450(?c1400) 3 KCol.(1) (Cmb Ee.4.32)50/7 : Þei riden forþ ouer hillys, waters, waleys, pleynes, and oþer diuers and perlous placys withoute any dissese or lettyng.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)283 : The King proposed to ride into Walis, but his letting was that he failed mony.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)12324 : The planetys..in ther mevynges Han fful many gret lettynges By sondry retardaciouns.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)4/125 : Wher evyr þei be, he chargyth sore Þat þei not ffayle for no lettyng.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)52/35 : Þe maters wherupon þo vertues goon..mowe be lettyngis from grettir moral good.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)241/26 : Sethyn the grete mettis in his tyme shall goone the same way wythout lettynge.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)60/9 : Of wynd comys diuers perils and lettynges als wel yn þe see as yn þe land.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)6 : Ye shall haue all the delyte of youre body with-oute eny lettynge.
b
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)60b : First þan schul horsmen ben set in her wey, and aftir hem foot men, þan þe lettinges [L impedimenta], as summers and bereres of wode and tymber and waynes & cartus and oþer cariages.
3.
(a) Injury, harm, trouble, suffering; disturbance; (b) impairment; diminution; loss.
Associated quotations
a
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)1996 : Wharfor a man, for drede of lettyng, Shuld noght abyde þe dedes commyng Bot make hym redy.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)67b/b : Turbacio: lettyngynge.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)354 : Þe infeccioun, letting, cumbraunce, and treting of mannys resoun and wil..is so greet doon and maad.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)107/9 : He..entreþ forþ wiþ-ynne þe hert & fyndeþ þere so many synnes..so moche dust and motes and lettynges [F tribulacions] of herte.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)73a : A lettynge:..perturbacio..turbacio.
b
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn:Horstmann)310 : The ffirste es þat mane be in honeste werke with-owttene lettynge [Arun(1): losyng] of his tyme.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)3.525 : And rootys smale of noon vtilite Cutte of for lettyng of fertilite.
- a1450 Forest Laws (Dc 335)242 : If his swyn renne in to the forest in lettyng of the kynges agistement, ye shul do vs to wite ho oweth hem and the price of hem.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)115/9 : To all grewauncis of eyne or lettynge of syght lette droppe þerof in þin eyen.
- a1500 St.Brendan Conf.(Lamb 541)6/25 : I haue trespassid al-so..in lettynge of ȝoure ful ioie bi my wickid lyuynge; þat schulde haue be moorid, if I hadde wel lyued.
4.
Omission, neglect; ~ of, neglect of (a duty).
Associated quotations
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)170/2 : Defaute or lettynge [L omissio] of prechyng or techynge of goddes worde..it es wyth-drawynge of the soules fode.
5.
(a) A delay, waiting; maken lettinge(s, to wait, delay, procrastinate; (b) withouten (ani) ~, without (any) delay, immediately; withouten more ~, without further delay.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330 Þe siker soþe (Auch)53 : Þer nis no letting at lite Þat he no tittes til him tite.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)7.7 : 'Þat weore a long lettynge [vr. abydyng],' quaþ a ladi in a skleir.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.3120 : And he anoon made no lettyng, But toke leve.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2576 : And first of al he sette a parlement And hath his lettres..sent..to many sondry kyngges, hem to enhast and make no lettyngges.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)299 : Lettynge, or longe taryynge, and a-bydynge: Mora.
- a1450(a1400) Athelston (Cai 175/96)215 : Þy fayre wyff with þe þou bryng -- And þer be ryȝt no lettyng -- Þat syȝte þat sche may see.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)2496 : For to wed this ladie he wold, And litel letting ther be shold.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)1503 : Go we to ȝone company With 'Mountioye' baldly & þam ascrye; Late þer be no Lettynge.
- c1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Tbr A.7)21115 : And make no mor lettynge.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)708 : Ther myght be no lettynge.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)898 : Tryamowre made no lenger lettyng But takyth hys leue at the kyng.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)3950 : Al so swiþe þan Ban, þe king, Went forþ wiþ outen letting.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)6079 : Kay, king Sornigrex hitt..& had him slawe wiþ outen letting.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)3522 : He smot Ebban þe king, Þat ded he fel wiþouten letting.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)37/828 : Hit was ido wiȝ outen letting.
- c1390 RSicily (Vrn)246 : Þe messagers wenten wiþ þe Kyng To grete Rome wiþoute lettyng.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12044 : And þat he bides, it es alson, Wit-vten ani letting, don.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1831 : He sent a lettre, wiþoute lettyng, To Alisaunder.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.167 : I..wente wiȝtly my wey wiþoute more [vr. ony] lettyng.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.631 : Þe fourþe warde, with-oute more lettyng, To Archelaus.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6738 : O ȝe almyȝti, þat..knowen euery þouȝt, Riȝt as it is, of euery maner wyȝt With-oute lettinge, so percynge is ȝoure siȝt.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4387 : Therfor they han..crownyd hym with-oute mor lettyng.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)2626 : Þe clene saul þan gas up even With-outen lettyng til þe blis of hevene.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)4900 : God..Wald here fordo with-outen lettyng Alle þe world.
- c1425 Castle Love(2) (Eg 927)1142 : Thedir sal the body glide withouten more letting.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)1489 : I will, witȝ [read: witȝ-outen] ony lettyng, Telle ȝou now.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)1254 : Whan Ion this herd, wyth-owte lettyng He tok his felawe and gan hym forth hye.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)17.5 : Anon thanne Ioseph withOwten lettenge To the Arch hem browhte.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)10 : Of haldurs þat before vs were..One was Arther the Kinge, Withowtun any letting.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)488 : Hur horse for þe King was dyȝte Withoutun letting.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)98/14 : He schuld with-oute ony lettyng come on-to his maystir in all hast.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)29/4 : Lete us now go vn-to oure ffadyr with-owte lettyng.
- a1500(a1400) Cleges (Adv 19.1.11)291 : He yaue hym leve, and in he went Wythout more lettyng.
- c1450(c1400) Emare (Clg A.2)843 : Emare called he[r] sone Hastely to here come Wyth-oute ony lettynge.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)1009 : The hedde wythoute lettynge Flewe of wyth that strykynge.
6.
(a) Stopping, a stop, pause, interruption; withouten ~, without an interruption; (b) ?staying, lingering.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3199 : O þis letting was he ful glad.
- c1400 Wycl.Blasph.(Bod 647)425 : And þus Seynt Poule biddes men preye wiþouten lettynge [cp. 1 Thes. 5.17: Sine intermissione orate].
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.FCLife (Corp-C 296)190 : Poul biddiþ þat we preie wiþ-oute lettynge.
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)45 : Ye knowe..þat þer erne in þe yere lij wekis & viij wekis for holydays and oþer letynges.
- a1500 Trental St.Greg.(2) (Hrl 3810)103 : And vii psalmes with letany Sey thow must deuoutely Euer on the evyne with-owt lettyng.
b
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1937 : But loke þat no lettyng ger þe lenge here, Ne no tarying the tyde, for tene þat may folow.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?1482 Rev.Monk Eynsham598 : Howe Y paste ouer the waye that lyth betwene the chaptur-hows and the place that Y was in, and also the lettynges of gricis and other obstaclis.
Note: Glossary: "lettynges n. pl. 'hindrances'."
Note: Additional quot.