Middle English Dictionary Entry
last(e adv. superlative
Entry Info
Forms | last(e adv. superlative Also larste, (early) latst & least. |
Etymology | OE latost, latest, lætest, *lætst. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. lat(e, later(e, lattest.
1.
(a) At last, finally, after all others, the last thing; alder ~, q.v.; (b) afterward; (c) first and ~, at the beginning and at the end; first thing in the morning and last thing at night; also, from beginning to end, from first to last, altogether; first or ~, in the beginning or at the end, sooner or later.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225 Wor.Bod.Gloss.(Hat 113)22 : Æt-nyhstan: last.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)710 : Thare..bi-gat a sune aram, Nachor midlest, last abram.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1705 : Lia bar last dowter dinam.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)17/15 : Þis zenne is þe uerste þet asayleþ þane kniȝt oure Lhord, and huan [?read: huam] last let.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)68b/a : The mouynge is j-seid last.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5639 : And laste þe erþe, to holde his se royal, He ȝaf to Pluto.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)13b/b : Byholdynge laste how..the marowe of þe bakke is sprongen fro þe hyndermore partie of þe brayne.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)24/16 : Drynk þat laste at euen & firste at morn.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)10.155 : And gith is last eke in this mone ysowe.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)1435 : And al þe last, þenne afftyrward, þenne come þe douȝty kyng Rychard.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)145 : Geue þe seek to drinke last when he gos to bedde.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)156b/a : Þe greete ligaturis þat is last bounden schal be lowsid.
b
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)6818 : Þe fless þat best bifore has tast, Ne ete ȝe noght þar-of þe last.
c
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)30a : Also þe juis ydronke with white wyne first and larste heliþ cankris and fistula.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)88b : Ete here of first and laste for þe cogh.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)33/36 : Drynk bath euen and morne, firste at morne and laste at euen.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)238/12 : Drynke þer-of fyrst and laste.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)154.462 : And ete such appulls first and last.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)104 : Let þe pacient drinke þer of furst & last, þat is to seyn, at euen and at morue.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)109 : Lete þe seke vse þis drynke, ferst & last, nyne dayes.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)135 : Let þe seke drinke þer of furst and last til he be hool.
- a1500 Hrl.2378 Recipes (Hrl 2378)97/19 : Ȝif the seke drynke there-of first and last, at heuen hoot, at morwe cold.
- a1500 Whos conscians (Cmb Ii.3.26)p.205 : Aqueyntanse of lordschip wyll y noght, For furste or laste dere hit woll be bowght.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)62/3 : Let hym drynke eche day furst and last a lite quantite.
2.
(a) Most recently, on the most recent occasion, the last time; first and ~; (b) ?very recently; (c) ~ passed, of a day, month, season, year: last.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)71/778 : Ant he þet her least on wrat swa as he cuðe.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)678 : Þu ful wel bihetet me Þanne i last spak with þe.
- a1350 Of a mon (Hrl 2253)26 : Huere hure anyht hue nome, he þat furst ant last come.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)1662 : Þere þei sien ogger last.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1782 : She gan so fer espie That he last seyn was in the Iewerie.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4015 : This widwe..Syn thilke day that she was last a wyf, In pacience ladde a ful symple lyf.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.1011 : Telle hym eek alle the synnes that thow hast doon syn thow were last yshryuen.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4098 : This yonge king him hath conformed To don as he was last enformed.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)301a/b : Þe fatte cowe schoneþ þe ȝok þat sche is vsed to bere last or sche was fatte.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3989 : Vte-ouer þis flum last quen i ferd, In hand i ber noght bot a yerd.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6515 : Sin þat þou com fra þam last, Þou sal þam find ful vn-stedfast.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.2828 : Þou art he Þat whilom ȝaf to Priamus, þi kyng, A fel conseil..Me for to haue slaw..Whan I was last at Troye.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5257 : Embassatour whan I was oute, Wiþ þe Grekis last whan ȝe me sent, Þei seide goodly how þei wold assent.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.565 : Lo, yonder saugh ich last my lady daunce.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)411/18 : He þat cam first schal no moore haue þan he þat came last.
- (1428-30) RParl.4.365a : It was preid by the Commones of the Parlement holdon last at Leycestre.
- (1440) Paston2.49 : Syn I spooke with ȝow last of for the matyr of Jon Mariot.
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn:Horstmann)315 : Þane haf I lyffed als many als þou laste sayd.
- (1447) RParl.5.129b : Litell..hath ben done..sithen that she was laste weddud.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)16 : Prophecie..Whiche man her aboute bolled þe laste!
- (1469) Will Pembroke in Antiq.439 : Item, to Thomas Herbert the ij gilt pottes that came last fro London.
b
- (1428) Doc.in Collect.Topogr.3260 : Also y wolle..a preest be founde ij ȝere to synge..for owr sowles specially, and for..sire John lord of Aroundell and Mautrevers that last deyde, the housbonde of my wyf that was.
c
- (1411) RParl.3.650a : He, the Saterday neghst after the fest of Seint Michael last passed, atte Wraweby..dyd assemble greet noumbre of men.
- (1439) RParl.5.16a : On Sonday after Cristemasse day laste passed..cometh one Piers Venables.
- (1442) Doc.Ireland in RS 69273 : In your Parlement holden at Develyn the Friday next after the fest of seint Martyne in wynter last passed.
- (1448) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 1350 : We payde to ye clerke for kepyng of ye Clocke for halfe yer fro Estr on til Mielmas last past.
- (1458-9) *Plea & Mem.R.Lond.GildhA 83.m.7d : In þe moneth of Augst last passed, he was possessed of xxix harneys of melen touche.
- (1461) Paston (Gairdner)3.252 : The Bysshop of Norwich sente us on Thrusday laste paste to gader the dymes..Saturday next after the Feste of the Conversion of Seynt Poule laste paste.
- (1461) Paston (Gairdner)4.1 : I receyvyd yowyr lettyr that ye sent me by John Holme on Wednysday last past.
- (1463) Case King Council in Seld.Soc.35111 : Such wolles as he wold schippe and sende thidre in somere last past.
- (1483) Let.in Ellis Orig.Let.ser.3.199 : Y woll and charg yoe that ye delyver..the hole fferme off my Maner off Movndeuyles off the yer last passyd endyd at Mychyllmas.
- c1490(1471) LRed Bk.Bristol2.131 : We bi oure letters..beryng date the xijth day of May last passid..chargid you, [etc.].
3.
(a) Last in space, last or lowest among a group of bodily organs; (b) in last place in a book, chapter, or written discussion; (c) immediately preceding in a book.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)39a/a : Þerfore þe tonge is sette last, þat is, þe Instrument & lyme of taast.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)69b/b : Laste of alle brawnes, cordes, and ligamentes descenden in þe haunches.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)33/26 : Nulle ich þet nan iseo ow..for alle þe þreo sunnen þet ich spec of least [Nero: last].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5824 : I haue hym set laste in my boke.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)41a/a : Þe anothomie of þe bones is tolde last, for þei ben in þe depe parties of þe bodie.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)53b/b : Now laste of alle after þe diuisioun afore seide, it is to speken off þe bones of þe grete honde.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)115a/b : Enointe it þan with þe forseide oynement last writyn.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)167a/b : It is good as þe laste aforseide.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)170a/b : Alle þes laste nemnyde brente.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)293/36 : Now I wil telle þee..of pryde..I haue sett it last.
c
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)35b/b : The firste is fulfilled by þe forsaide gouernaunce in þe chapitles last [*Ch.(1): next] passed.
4.
In the humblest position.
Associated quotations
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2200 : The riche array of Theseus paleys Ne who sat first ne last vpon the deys..Of al this make I now no mencioun.