Middle English Dictionary Entry
lā̆rd n.
Entry Info
| Forms | lā̆rd n. Also larde. |
| Etymology | OF lardé & L lāridum, lārdum. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
Cook. (a) Fat pork cured in brine or by smoking; salt pork, bacon; ~ of pork; (b) salt pork or bacon cut in small pieces for larding a roast; (c) a slice of the cured fat flesh of deer or bear.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)p.38 : Take persel and grynde with a Cowe mylk, medle it with ayren and lard ydyced.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)19 : Take larde..& caste þer-to.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)87/19 : Take pollepodie, and grynde here well with larde; and afterward take a good fatte henne, and farce here well there-wyth.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)12907 : With fatte mussellys yt [the gullet] to ffelle, With lard and collopys wel yfryed.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.12 : Take larde of porke, wele soþyn..Hew hit in gobettes.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)114 : Thai eyten no flesshe but yf it be right seldon a little larde, or of the entrales and heydes of bestis slayn for the nobles and marchauntes of the lande.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)55 : Take salt lard of pork and dice it smale.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)111 : Tak lard of pork smale mynced and lay it on.
b
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.26 : Take þo ox tonge..Sethe hit, broche hit in larde..and rost hit alle.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.29 : The crane is enarmed ful wele, I wot, With larde of porke.
c
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)49 : Take lardez of Venysoun..or of a Bere, & kerue hem þinne as Fylettes of Porke, & lay þin lardys square as a chekyr.
2.
The rendered fat of swine, lard: (a) used for sealing or protecting a surface; (b) used in medicine.
Associated quotations
a
- (1231) Close R.Hen.III564 : Ad quarellos fabricandos..carbonem et ferrum..et lard ad eos ungendos.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.433 : This pauyng..frote hit wel with larde [L lardo], ffaat & decoct.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)10/16 : Tak a bacyn & scoure it wele & anoynte þe sydis wele with-in with þe larde of a galte.
b
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)98a/b : Soldis staumpid and soden wiþ botere openeþ a wounde, Or ellis make a tent of larde or of wex or ellis a pese of wex.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)121a/b : Take hony, wyne, and larde y-molten, as myche as þu hast of þe iuys, hony, and wijn, & putte hem in a panne & boile hem togidere.
3.
Anat. Body fat next the skin.
Associated quotations
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)10b/a : Colde membres & moyste beþ flewme, larde [*Ch.(1): gres; L adeps] or fastnesse [read: fatnesse], & þe marye.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)11a/a : Fatnesse..of þe whiche beþ two kyndes: oo kynde þat is outward next þe skyn þat is properly cleped larde [L adeps], And anoþer kynde..þat is properly saide grace.
4.
?A tub for salt pork or bacon used as bait in fishing.
Associated quotations
- (1337-8) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.9934 : In 14 vasis ligneis empt. pro le fyschors ut creles et lard ut ceteris vasis.
5.
Cpds.: ~ man, ?a purveyor of salt pork, bacon, etc.; ~ silver = larder-silver; ~ swin, a hog fattened for slaughter [cp. bacoun hog].
Associated quotations
- (1316) Deed Yks.in YASRS 5093 : [Grant by Richard] le Lardeman.
- (1346) Feudal Aids 6229 : Johannes Lardman.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)6244 : He cleue him doun by the chyn, As it hadde ben a lard swyn.
- (1461-2) *Acc.Minehead Dunster [OD col.] : Et de xix s. receptis de lardesilver.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. lard.