Middle English Dictionary Entry
kinrē̆de n.
Entry Info
| Forms | kinrē̆de n. Also -rẹ̄d, -rā̆d(e, -rōd(e, -rid(e, kinnerede, kunred(e, cun-, ken-, kunrade & kinreden(e, -redin(ge, -raden, -radone, -riden, kunredene, -redne, cunreden, -readne, -redden, -raden & kind(e)red, kindreden, kindering. Pl. kinrēdes, kinrēdenes, kinderēdes, kindereddes, etc. & (early) kunrēden. |
| Etymology | LOE cynrēde (Eadwine's Canterbury Psalter 47.14); cp. forekinrēd (Ibid. 48.20); also cp. kin n. & -rē̆de(n suf. In the 2nd element spellings in -rad(en may sometimes represent SE ā, from OE ǣ but usually ME a from shortened OE ǣ. Spellings in -rid(en are from shortening of OE ǣ. to e to i; cp. ridels, redels from OE rǣdels. Spellings in -rōd(e show influence of -hēde, -hōd suf.; cp. kinhōd, var. of kinhēde. For forms kind(e)red, cp. thǒnder, from OE þunor. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Stock, family, lineage, race; gret (god, heigh, noble, worthi) ~, high birth; loue (mene) ~, low birth; (b) descendants, progeny, posterity; also, a descendant; (c) forebears, forefathers.
Associated quotations
a
- c1200 Wor.Serm.in EGSt.7 (Wor Q.29)136 : Efter iudas vas þet iudaisse folk icleped, and of þet folk and of kinreden vas vre leuedi seinte marie.
- a1275 *St.Marg.(2) (Trin-C B.14.39)40 : Yef ho is boren of cunraden free, of al hire cunne best scal hire bee.
- c1300 SLeg.Kath.(LdMisc 108)38 : Of ȝwat kunrade art þou i-come?
- a1325 SLeg.Marg.(Corp-C 145)62,65 : 'Tel me of wam þou ert icome and of wuch kunrede..' 'Mi cunrede..is so couþ it ne may noȝt be ihud.'
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.10.20 : Þez ben þe sonnez of cham in kynredez [L cognationibus] & tongez & generaciouns.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.6.29 : Eche maal of þe prestis kynrede [WB(2): kyn; L genere] shal ete of þe flesch of hit.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2790 : Trouthe, honour, knyghthede..estaat and heigh kynrede.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.223 : Þis Octovanius..come of Eneas in his moder side by kynrede [Higd.(2): stocke; L genus] þat hatte Iulia familia.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.289 : Þe genelegies of þe Hebrewes and rekenynge of kynrede [vr. kynrad] of oþer naciouns [L alienigenarum origines] were i-write in bookes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)187a/b : Þey were straunge to þe children of Irael, for þei were departid fer oute of her companye and kynreden [L societate et genere].
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.9 : Þe barons..Chaced him fro his reame & chese..Kynewolf, of þe kynred [F de real nacioun] of Adelarde's blode.
- ?a1400 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Rwl C.750)p.107 : Kynrede [Hrl 874: þat he be comen of grete kynde].
- c1405 Chaucer CT.Kn.(Elsm)A.1560 : Allas, thou felle Mars, allas Iuno, Thus hath youre Ire oure kynrede [Heng: lynage] al fordo.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.599 : Patroclus..be discent come of gret kynrede.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.m.7.14 : Greete houses or kynredes [L domus] shynen with cleere titles of honours.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)9/20 : Sche was comyn of worthy kenred..hir fadyr was sum-tyme meyr of þe town.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)6.1294 : In hih berthe, mene or louh kynreede Deeme no man gentil.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)9.2101 : A cardynal born of the lynage De Columpnis, a kynreede of reuerence.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)1020 : He..askede what kynradone he was come fro.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)5.36 : These xij wern of the kynrede [vr. kynrad] Of balam.
- c1450 *Bonav.Medit.(4) (MSU 1)44 : Mekely he clothys hys selfe as he hade bene þe lawest man in kynderyd.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)80/4 : A yong gentylman þat come of a hy kynrid.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)4/11 : Þei were..born of good and rich kynrod aftir þe fame of þe world.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)100/32 : He ought to be a good man, for he ys com of good kynrede as ony on lyve, and of kynges bloode.
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)279 : And he be comen of gret kynraden, Go no be-fore, þawgh þou be beden.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)246/18 : Seynt Nicolas, the whiche was come of noble kynrede.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)93/21 : He..be-sogh[t] gretly that he sholde alyaunce haue to har kynryde and, namely, that he haue to wyue..Morices doghtyr.
b
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)13.11 : Þe kynreden of Iakob shal gladen, and þe folk of Israel shal ioyen.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.99 : After whos deþ þe bisshoppes, abbotes, and gentiles..forsaken his kynreden and progenie [L progeniem abnegantes], knowleched..Canute for to be þaire kyng.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)10730 : Þai..vmthoght þaim þas to call þe kin of dauid kindred all.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1933 : He was of Kaymes kynrede [LinI: kunrede]; His men ne couþen speke ne grede, Bot als houndes grenne and berken.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)10.158 : He sente hym to seyn..be an aungel To kepe his kynrede [vr. kynnerede] fro kaymes, þei couplide nouȝt togideris.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)352/1747 : His kynrade and þyn al so Schal don Engelond mukil wo.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.936 : Tarquinius the olde..longe in Rome hadde dominacioun, Till his kynreede and generacioun, For thoffence doon onto Lucrece, Caused off kynges the name to cese.
- a1450 Methodius(2) (Add 37049)108/30 : Þai ar of þe kynryden [Meth.(1): progenye] of Japhet.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)10 : Goddis ordinacioun, that wold tho men schuld lyve so longe for multiplicacioun of here kynrod.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)994/13 : Salamon, the laste knyght of thy kynred, shall reste in hys bedde.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)5/139 : Of þis dowte take þou no drede, but for þe kynrede of dauyd þou sende.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)60/97 : My name is knowe kyng Joathan, the ixe kynge spronge of jesse; Of my kynrede god wol be man.
- c1475 St.Anne(2) (Trin-C R.3.21)242 : The blyssyd Anne..Of the kynrede of whom god..Fouchesafe to make a syngler place new Of the glorious modyr..Of hys owne..son.
- a1500 Methodius(3) (Stw 953)394-5 : Iapheth-ys kynrede wold not ho But stroy caymys kynrede.
c
- a1456(1429) Lydg.Hen.VI Coron.Ballade (Trin-C R.3.20)17 : God of His grace gaf to þy kynrede Þe palme of conquest.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)126/4 : I loue þe..That me has made to se this sight Whilke my kynrede was coveytande.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)5.435 : Wille not thowe obey hym that schalle..ȝiffe to the better cownsaile then alle thyn kynrede [Trev.: fornfadres; L progenitoribus]?
- c1475 Capgr.St.Kath.(RwlPoet 118)1.526 : Þe kynrode [Arun: kynhod] of her had founded þis cete.
2.
(a) Kindred, kinsfolk, blood relations; also, a relative by marriage; neigh ~, close kinsmen; nexte of ~, nearest of kin, next of kin; (b) a brotherhood, closely knit group; (c) an associated group; also, one of such a group, associate, ally.
Associated quotations
a
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)83 : Hie giuen here elmesse noht for godes luue ac for neheboreden oðer for kinraden.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.31.3 : Torne aȝeyn in to þe lond of þi faders, to þi kynrede [WB(2): generacioun; L generationem].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.45.18 : Goþ in to þe lond of Chanaan & takiþ fro þens ȝour fader & kynreden [WB(2): kynrede; L cognationem].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.20.20 : He þat gooþ to gedere wiþ þe wife of his fader broþer or of his vncle, & openeþ þe sheenscheep of his kynredene [WB(2): kyn; L cognationis], boþe þei shal bere þer synne.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2562 : Thyne enemys..han manye children, bretheren, cosyns, and oother ny kynrede.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.201 : The sones and the doghtren shullen rebellen agayns fader and moder, and kynrede agayns kynrede.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)13931 : Þis man kinred [Frf: kiþ; Trin-C: kyn] wel knau we; O þis thede bath es he and his.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)9.172 : Coueite nouȝt be wedded For coueitise of catel ne of kynrede riche.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.3194 : Oon þat was nexte of hys kynrede Descendid doun from his owne lyne, His sweuene shal parforme.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)314/778 : Heo wente þan..And tolde him..How al hire kynrade [Auch: kin] was forlore.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)57/35 : He was executor to a preste whech was of hys kynred.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.473 : Thou stondest in..miserie, wrechidnesse, and neede..forsake off frenshipe & kenreede.
- c1440(?c1350) Mirror St.Edm.(4) (Thrn)19/1 : If þou lufe brethire or systers or oþer kynredyn, for-thi þat þay are of þe same flesche of fadir or of modire.
- a1450(?c1343) Rolle EDormio (Cmb Dd.5.64)65/135 : Perfite life..es to..forgete þe solace and þe lykyng of þi kynredyn [vr. kynredyne].
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)2211 : A Steward she had..He had wedded hir nigh kynrede.
- c1450(?a1400) Quatref.Love (Add 31042)382 : We calle on oure kynredyn; þay comme alle to late.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1204/21 : He and hys kynrede rejoysed hit all thorow sir Launcelottis noble proues.
- (1477) Plea & Mem.R.Lond.Gildh.110 : If any of thise men die withoute Issue, that than it go to the next of my kynrede.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)79 : The kynge sente to alle the Dukes kenrede..that thei sholde come to hym to Cardoel.
- a1500 Degrev.(Cmb Ff.1.6)851 : Me þink þou trauelus in vayn; Þou hast our kunred y-slayn.
- a1500 Gifte hys (StJ-C B.15)15 : Sly men ben blynd, & kenred is onkynd.
b
- a1400 Þo oure lord god (Mrg M 957)p.319 : 'Sathanus is my sone, and Michael is his broder..Gabriel is anoþer, Uriel þe faire angel þe ferþe broder is'..'ȝe dame,' quod enuye..'þou, canst wel euele trye þese ilke kenrede.'
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.238 : Þis kynrede is an eir of þe blisse þat ever shal laste..þis kynrede, þat is Cristis Chirche, is lord of al þingis.
c
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1677 : Þeo þe haueþ bile ihoked An cliures charpe & wel icroked, Alle heo beoþ of mine kunrede.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)228/3 : Salomon zayþ..'huet is uayr chastete kenrede [Vices & V.(2): alied] mid briȝtnesse;' he zet riȝt wel briȝtnesse mid chastete.
- a1400 Þo oure lord god (Mrg M 957)p.319 : Þy kynrede haþ cast ambes aas, for sake is þy meister In heuene blisse..and þy kynredd al so ȝef þou camst þare, þou abeist it sore.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)49 : Of o reule þei and we be alle; Wherfore o kynrod men may us now calle.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)13038 : 'Trewly,' quod glotonye..'I haue tweyne [wombys]..Wych ben ful nyh..Off the kynrede and allye Off Venus.'
3.
(a) Blood relationship, kinship; holi ~, sworn brotherhood; (b) genealogy, pedigree; (c) high rank, gentility.
Associated quotations
a
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9552 : Þe kunrede iproued was, so þat king lowis..& elianore is quene vor kunrede departed were.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.357 : Þey bycomeþ [Cax: gossibs to hem] þat þey wolleþ falseliche betraye in gosibrede and holy kynrede [L consecratæ fraternitatis]; eueriche drinkeþ oþeres blood whan it is i-sched.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.29 : Þese tweyne were y-ioyned to gidres boþe by kynrede and affinite [L genere et affinitate].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)8.177 : Þis ȝere was made devors..bytwene kyng Iohn and his wif..bycause of kynrede [vr. kynrade; Higd.(2): consanguinite; L consanguinitatem] in þe þridde gree.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.785 : Flesshly freendes..in two maneres, as by kynrede, or othere freendes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)110a/a : [Gemini] is þe hous of kynrede and nyȝe sibnes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)283a/a : Hors of cicia..schoneþ to gendre wiþ here oughne moder, ffor in hem is a manere knowynge of kynrede [L cognacionis].
b
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)p.90 head. : Þe kinradin of adam [Vsp: Genelogia Ade; Göt: genialogi of adam], þorou Seth his sone.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.Letab.(Hrl 2255)75 : Isaak, Iacob, Rekne vp kynredys alle, Whoo can Remembre his generacioun?
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)10b : Þat astate schulde ouerpasse..alle oþere astates and degrees principalliche..in worschipful blood of kynrede.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)69b : A kynderyng [Monson: kynredynge]:..Cognacio, consanguinitas..Genelogia.
c
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)89/8,11 : Hy ham yelpeþ of hare gentylete uor þet hy weneþ by of gentile woze; and þe ilke kenrede [F parage] hy conne riȝt wel telle..hy ne lokeþ naȝt huer-of ham comþ þe zoþe noblesse and þe gentil kenrede [F parages].
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.107 : Bot ȝif he haue merk of þe kynrede, þat is to seie, þat he be comen of grete kynde oiþer þat he be in grete lordes seruise.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)522 : He het me most worþi of wommen holde in erþe, Kindely þurth kinrade of cristen lawe.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)150/112 : Heyl kynge ovyr kyngys, þi kynrede to knowe.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)71 : Þe knyȝt..betokenyth gentilmen þat..ioyeth for her kynrede & for habundaunce of richesse.
4.
(a) A nation, tribe, people; (b) one of the twelve tribes of Israel; (c) one's companions, followers.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)30/280 : Ich iseh þe apostles..demen i þe dei of dome kinges & keiseres & alle cunreadnes [Tit: kunrednes; Roy: cunredes] of alles cunnes ledenes.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)55/586 : Þu leddest þurh moyses..bute brugge & bat þurh þe reade sea al his cunredden [Roy: cunreden].
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.24.30 : Alle kynredis, or lynagis [L tribus], of erthe schulen weyle.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1286 : Thou mayst..Assemblen alle the folk of oure kynrede And make a werre.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.231 : Þere was a dwerf of þe kynrede [L genere] of Mesenis.
- c1390 Marie Mayden (Vrn)44 : Þat Blisful Barn of þe was born Þat suffred trauayle..Of his cunreden, vnkuynde and kene.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)6413 : Mouþe hij han grete and wide And a tonge as a syde..Vnlouerede is þat kynrede.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.2112 : Aftir Noes flood..bi dissent of his sonis thre..Al kynreedis dilatid been abrod.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)5.21 : A certeyne kynryde [L gens] towarde the Occian.
- a1500 Leg.Cross BC(1) (Wor F.172)218 : Al the naciouns and kyndraddis of þe erth, dreede thei the Lord.
b
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)141 : Sunnedei siriat [read: smat] Moyses þene stan..for þa twelf kunreden sculden þer mide heore þurst kelen.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)4127 : Ðo xii twelue kinderedes, on and on, He gaf bliscing bi-leue gon.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)43/1221 : God ches folk specialliche, Hys holy folk amonge, Þat was þe kenred of leuy Offyce for to fonge..For to seruy ine godes house.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)104.35 : Syke man nas nouȝt founden in alle her kyn-redenis [L tribubus].
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)p.182 : Þe enemy Pharaon seid: 'Y shal pursuen..þe xij kynredens of Iacob.'
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6967 : Ilk kinredd o þe tuelue Had þair ouer man ham-selfe.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)4167 : He sal be born Of a woman of þe kynred of San [read: Dan].
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)2.698 : Roboan..His poore liges he oppressid sore, And ten kynredis anon..From hym withdrouh ther trouthe & legeaunce.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)173 : Neither aftirward the tribu or kinred of Dan was holde eny ydolatrers.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)6.174 : And Anna..Born of the trybe and of the kynrede Called Aser.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Pseudo-F.(Dub 245)304 : James..wroot to tuelue kynredis, & so to alle cristen men.
- c1475 *Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)54/15 : Kyng Roboam..lost of his seigneurie x kindereddes and an half.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)8/5 : They seide verely he shuld come of the kynrede of Jude.
c
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)346 : Hii found in a stede hor kinrede [B: kunredene, kynreden, kynred] bi cas Of þe noble man hercules þat wule of troye was.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5764 : Sones he adde tweye, Seint edward & aeldred..& þe ones kinrede [B: kunrede] þen oþer suþþe slou.
5.
A generation (either the period of time or the people living in it).
Associated quotations
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.17.9 : Þou þenn schalt kepe my couenaunt & þi seed after þe in here kynredez [WB(2): generaciouns; L generationibus].
- c1390 I wolde witen (Vrn)25 : Kunredes come, & kunredes gon, As Ioyneþ generacions.
- ?c1400 Rolle Psalter (Sid 89:Bramley)9.28 : Kynreden into kynreden [UC 64: i sall noght be stirid fra getynge in getynge; L a generacione in generacionem].
- a1425(a1396) Maidstone PPs. (Wht)689 : In anoþer kynrede [L generacione] lete þese be writen; Thanne schal preise God þe peple vnbore.
- a1425 Wycl.MCh.(Bod 788)405 : Þis kynrede [L generatio] shal not passen til alle þingis be doon.
- c1425(c1400) Primer (Cmb Dd.11.82)p.54 : And his merci is fro kynredis in to kynredis.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)275 : Kynrede: Generacio.
- (1450) Paston2.143 : That youre blood may by his grace from kynrede to kynrede multeplye in this erthe.
- c1450 *Bonav.Medit.(4) (MSU 1) : Þu ert mayde our helpe fro kynderede into kynderede [L de generatione in generationem].
6.
Friendship, familiarity; ?error for cuð-reden.
Associated quotations
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)88/13 : Þe Seste reisun is hwi ȝe habbeð þe world iflohen, familiarite, muche cunredden, forte beo priue wið ure lauerd.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1450(1438) GLeg.Ded.Church (GiL175) (Eg 876) 965/211 : The furst vertu is that he that was riche was made pore; the seconde that he was leyde in the creche; the thridde that he that was soget to his kinrede [L parentibus].
Note: New sense = 'parents', or ?modify sense 1.(c).