Middle English Dictionary Entry
kīndelī adj.
Entry Info
| Forms | kīndelī adj. Also -līch(e, kindli(e, kindlẹ̄, kinli, kienli, kūndeliche, cundeliche, kundlich, kuindeliche, kẹ̄ndeli(ch(e, kendli(e, kenli, (error) kiddli. |
| Etymology | OE cyndelīc |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Concordant with the laws or processes of nature, produced by nature, natural; ~ laue, a law of nature; ~ thing, something in existence, whether material or immaterial; (b) natural as opposed to supernatural or spiritual; (c) of bodily states or processes: healthful, normal; ~ colre [see colre 1b. (a)]; ~ hete [see hete n. (1) 3. (c)]; ~ humour [see humour 3. (a)]; (d) required by nature, naturally suited; (e) inherent, essential; (f) ~ soule, the soul in vegetable matter; (g) concerned with natural phenomena; ~ wisdom, knowledge of natural things.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)963 : Alle wise witen wel þet hit is aȝein..euch cundelich lahe, þet godd..mahe deð drehen, & deadlich mon mahe deð ouercumen.
- c1230 Ancr.(Corp-C 402)214/9 : For na bote aȝein cundeliche secnesses, nan uncundelich lechecreft..ne fondin.
- a1275 Stod ho (Tan 169*)18 : In his dead þe wo þu ȝulde, in childing þat tu þole schulde, þurd modres kuindeliche lahes.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.3 : Wise writeres..þat hadde..lykynge..to trauaille aboute konnyng and knowleche of kyndeliche þinges.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.303 : Iacob fonde a newe manere tornyng of kynge [read: kynde], wiþ kyndeliche craft to fiȝte agenst kynde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1094 : Virgo the nexte Of Signes cleped is..Be kindly disposicion Of dreie and cold this Maiden is.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)8a/b : In þis werk me speketh..of somme propirtees of kyndeliche þinges, of þe whiche þinges som is bodiliche & som not bodiliche.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)113b/b : He [the sun] passiþ not fully a gree in a kyndelych day, þat is, day and nyȝt.
- a1400 Kyndeli is (Hrl 2316)1 : Kyndeli is now mi coming in to ȝis [werld] wiht teres and cry.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)15/4 : A kyndly þing schal be kept wiþ a þing þat is [suited to it].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2625 : I..þoruȝ naturis kyndly mocyoun Am wexe feble of wyt..Beyng vnweldy of my lymes alle.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)16/13 : He schall turne the damysele in to hire right forme & kyndely schapp.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)109/23,24 : Symulacres ben ymages made after lykness of men..or of the sonne..or of ony best or of ony kyndely thing, & ydoles is an ymage..þat man may not fynden among kyndely thinges.
- ?a1425 WBible(2) Gloss.Ecclus.(Cld E.2)3.15 : [Roy: If he failith in wit,] for it is not his synne but kyndeli defaute, [Roy: ȝyue thou forȝyuenesse].
- (1429) RParl.4.349a : No man..ne putt ony thing therto, bi weie of hongyng or keveryng..yat myȝt..lette ye balaunce to have his kendly course.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.1542 : He fond the nature off euery element, Ther kyndeli werkyng, & ther mutaciouns.
- a1450 Dc.291 Lapid.(Dc 291)17 : This boke deuised was of kyndelich stones, & þe bible seith þat god hymself yaue vertu in hem.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)730,731,734 : Every kyndely thyng that is Hath a kyndely stede ther he May best in hyt conserved be; Unto which place every thyng, Thorgh his kyndely enclynyng, Moveth for to come to.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)408 : Þe cow is all at oure blake; Þe calf is rede I vndertake..It semes agayne kyndely lawe.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)20511 : Men sholde obserue Houres and constellaciouns..To ffynde the dysposicioun Off A manhys condycioun, To good or evel be kyndely lawe Off nature he sholde drawe.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)30/33 : Sonys ȝe arn, to spekyn naturaly, The ffyrstffrute of kendely engendrure.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)54b/b : A kyndely þing schulde be kepid wiþ a þing þat is kynde þerto.
- a1500(c1380) Wycl.Papa (Ryl Eng 86)474 : Prestis ben of mannus kynde..but ȝit þey shulden not haue þis lordchip ne kyndely gendrure of children.
- a1550 *Ripley CAlch.(BodeMus 63)51b : Heate..temperat Ingenderith blacknes..whiche is Of kindlye comixtione the token.
b
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)1686 : Bodily ded, þat is kyndely, Es twynyng betwene þe saule and þe body..Gastely ded es twynyng thurgh synne Bitwene God and man saule within.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.14 : Þe birþe by whiche a man is borne of water and of þe Holy Goost is myche more wounderful þan mannis kyndely birþe.
- a1450(a1401) Chastising GC (Bod 505)92/8 : Sum men bi temptacioun seken kyndeli reste and a fals ydelnesse, as for her perfeccioun.
c
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.471 : Ȝif þurst and honger of golde come of kyndeliche nede..it wolde somtyme quenche suche honger and þurst.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)77a/a : Slepe is a kyndeliche vnmeuablenesse & help of þe wittis.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)11/16 : Þilke þing þat we seie is hoot in þe firste degree, þat is I-heet of kyndely [vr. kendlye] heete þat is in oure bodies.
- c1425 Castle Love(2) (Eg 927)750 : Brede and wyne in the stomak taken to mete Turnes into flesch and blode thurgh kyndly hete.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)27a/a : Blood is an humour..two folde, kyndely and vnkyndely; þe kyndely humour is hote & moyste in substaunce.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)176a/b : Contynuynge vnto þat þe mater be flowed awaie and þat þe place be altered..to þe kyndely colour and to þe substaunce.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)182b/a : Til þat þe kyndely skyn be gendrede of kynde [on the over edge of the wound].
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)58b/b : Sum tyme he castiþ kyndely quytture & sumtyme vnkyndely.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)101b/a : Sanies is a quytture or an humidite in partie kyndely and in partie vnkyndely.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)72/21 : Whanne he takys his mete yn þe tyme of aptyd, he shal fynde his kyndly hete hoot as fyr.
d
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)60a/a : It is kyndeliche þing to children..þat þe nauel bene I-kut and þan to be I-wassche with watir & to haue away þe blood.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1912 : Þe beist thoght selcut-li god þat þai hade raght þair kindle [Göt: kindli] fode.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)15/5 : Enplastris schulden ben acordynge to þe lymes þat þei ben leid on..a..þing schal be kept wiþ a þing þat is kyndly þerto.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.2392 : Aurora..Þe siluer dewe causeth to abounde Vp-on herbis and..floures..For kyndely norissyng boþe of crop & rote.
- c1460 Of alle mennys (Dub 432)91 : A gentyll dogge wol naturally His mayster love and drede also; His kyndly game, if he may a spy ffrom hym, belyve he wol be goo.
- (a1475) Recipe Painting(2) in Archaeol.J.1 (Sln 73)155 : On this manere thou myȝt multeplie evermore; for wete wel that this is kyndely therfore, and of his owen rote that he cometh first of.
e
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)255b/b : Þe hete and druyenesse þerof [of wine] is kyndelich, and moysture and colde þerof is accidental.
f
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)91/5 : Euerylk kende of vegetabilitez..folwys þe vertu of a planete..As in colour, in sauour, in odour, and in lyknes; And þe kendly sowel gedyrs to-gedyr all þes propertes..and folwys it.
g
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)113b : Who so wil lede by þe see an oost..him nedeth to haue siker knowynge of þe wyndes þat bloweþ & wawes & tempestes & also whirlyng wyndes..þerfore naturel philosophie, þat is, kyndeliche wisdom, is nedeful to schipmen and to alle þat schulle sayle by the see.
2.
(a) Inborn, given by nature, not acquired; ~ god(es) = god(es of nature [see god n. (2), sense 9.]; ~ thing, an innate factor affecting health; thing nought ~, an external factor affecting health; (b) concordant with the natural moral law; ~ laue, the natural moral law; (c) natural to man, normal, human; ~ wit (wittes, skil, understondinge), human reason, natural reason as contrasted to revelation.
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)24/2 : Þe kendeliche guodes byeþ þo þet me clepeþ by kende..ase helþe, uayrhede, strengþe..clier wyt, wel uor to understonde, and sotil wyt, wel uor to vynde.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Wisd.12.10 : Shreude is the nacioun of hem, and kindely [L naturalis] the malice of them.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)8.147 : He was..over mesure a greet speker, and by a manere kyndeliche [vr. kundlych; L innata] rabbischnesse of wit and of þewes he wolde gete hym a greet name.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)54/14 : A leche schal kepe þe canoun o galion..to kepe lymes in her owne kyndely complexcioun.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)3a/b : Firste, folowyngliche of kyndely þinges [*Ch.(1): þinges naturale; L rebus naturalibus] and of vnkyndely.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)5a/b : It byhoueþ also þat he knowe þing noȝt kyndeliche, as beeþ aer, mete, & drynk, ffor þese beeþ þe cause of al þe sekenesse & helþe.
- a1450(a1401) Chastising GC (Bod 505)124/12 : Of suche euel humoures sum men bien chaunged out of her owne kyndeli complexion.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)16/32 : Haue a man neuer so myche of erþely goodis, as gold or syluer..ouþer of kyndely goodis, as witt and wisdam..for alle þoo dampned may he be.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)6.216 : The turtel prysede of trouthe and honeste, And the dove hathe kyndely excellence Of mekenesse and hertely pacience.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)181/22 : The kynge of bees Is wythout a styngill; this is a kyndely nobelesse of the vnreysonabill creature.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Rom.1.26,27 : The wymmen of hem chaungiden the kyndely vss in to that vss that is aȝens kynde. Also forsoth and the mawlis or men, the kyndeli vss of womman forsakyn, brennyden in her desyris to gidere.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)193 : Þo he of þe appel eet, Godes heste he tobrek; Þe kuyndeliche and þe set ek, Boþe his lawen he tobrek.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1021 : To man and child I rede..to taken hede Of kyndely riȝt..To do [ho]nur..To fader [and] moder.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)111/31 : Thow it be so that they ben none Cristene men, not forthi they leuyn a kyndely lyf and a skilful and ful of goode vertues.
c
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)47/30 : Lecherie..hue is hit uoul dede zeþþe hit is kendelich? uor þet god hit uorbyet ine his spelle.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)176/3 : Efterward [me ssel zigge] yef þe zenne is aye kende oþer kendeliche.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.425 : Anon þe men tornede into bestes and bar heuy charges, and hadde kyndeliche witte and resoun [L manente in eis mente rationali].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.491 : Prosperitee is kyndely [vr. kynly] matere of ioye; thanne is enuye a synne agayns kynde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2897 : If ȝee sin algat sal do, þe sin o kind ȝee hald yow to, þe kindly sin and wit womman, Bot sibbe ne spused tak yee nan.
- c1400 Vertues & (Bod 416)8 : Richesse is clepud worþynes, and lecherie kyndely þing, robberie good wynnynge, & glotenye but murþe.
- (a1402) Trev.DCur.(Hrl 1900)85/14 : Þe begger haþ but schame, for hit is a lowe dede and greuous by cause of kyndelich schame þat longeþ þerto.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)2003 : Þe dede fra a man his mynd reves And na kyndely witte with hym leves..Þat he ne may thynk of na mysdede Bot of his payn and of noght elles.
- a1425(?a1400) PCounsel.(Hrl 674)138/9 : To þee for to þenk what þou arte in alle propirte longeþ moche crafte of clergie & of kunnyng & moche sotil seching in þi kyndely wittys.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)12/16 : Þei seye þat Fornicacioun is no synne dedly but a thing þat is kyndely [F naturele].
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)39/9 : And sith þat foules þat han no kyndely wytt ne resoun [F sen naturel ne resoun] gon thider..wel more oughten men.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)322 : Oon is forto teche..þe lawe of oure feiþ..which is knowun oonly bi reuelacioun of holy scripture, and also..lawe of natural resoun in moral gouernauncis..such lawe of kindely resoun ouȝte to be folewid as fer as it hym strecchiþ.
- a1450(a1401) Chastising GC (Bod 505)121/6 : Þe kyndli wittis and strengþ of þe soule bien fiebled also..þat what suche a man spekeþ or dooþ..it is bi þat wikked spirit.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)74b : For it is wel nyh kindeliche eueri man to tremble and quake whan he comith to stryue and fiȝte wiþ his enmyes.
- a1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Roy 18.A.13)p.57 : Canst þou..telle me forthermore Þe kyndly propirte of man, what it is?
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)28.249 : Whanne Owt his hond it is I-don, To his kende Memorie Cometh he Anon As Owhte forto ben In A kendly man.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)42/30 : Þis kyndely pricke stireþ þee wiþinne & euer ylyche stryueþ wiþ þee maystry to haue.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)761 : First I kouthe Have any maner wyt fro youthe, Or kyndely understondyng To comprehende, in any thyng, What love was.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2212 : Hit is kendly by course & custome of men..ffor to wreke in hor wrathe of wranges before.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2412 : Thou shalbe wisest of wit..And know all the conyng þat kyndly is for men.
- c1450 Ihesu þi swetnes (Lamb 853)19 : If y for kyndenes schulde loue my kyn..Bi kyndeli [Vrn: kuynde] skile y schulde bigynne At him þat haþ me maade of nouȝt.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.4.3a : Some lettred men..bi long studie..comyn to þis cnowyng..after þe sutiltee of kyenly wit and continuance of studie vpe þe general ȝifthe þat God ȝyues ylke man þat haþ vs of reson.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.50.34b : Forȝete þe folk of þi werldi þouȝtes and þe hows of þi fleschli and kenli affeccions.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.B.2526 : Lecherie..sey it is a sporte and a kyndely game.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)440 : Þes prelatis þat turnen þis loue synnen boþe in god & man, & disusen kyndely wille as don synneris in leccherye.
3.
(a) Native; ~ lond (contre, thede), native land, own land; ~ erd, own land; ~ peple, compatriots; (b) in a natural state, pure, unadulterated; (c) fitting, proper.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11103 : He left bath kiyth and kyndli thede, And to þe wildernes he yede.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11126 : Mare þan thre monet duelld he In his aghen kindli contre.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11192 : Ilk kynd suld mak þam boun To cum in-to þair kyndli tun.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)2370 : Þou leue aram þe lande of ire; of chanaan þou sal be sire..for þer sal be þe kindely [Vsp: kiddli] erde.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)3914 : Þen bi-gan ham take talande to wende in-to þaire kindely [Göt: kindly; Vsp: aun] lande.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)100/29 : Þei trostyd to metyn a-geyn..in her kendly cuntre whan þei wer passyd þis wretchyd wordelys exile.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)4.40.84b : Pharao put the childre of Israel in to gret seruage..for thei wer straungers..he mistook him not so muche as if he had thus oppressed his owne kendely poepil..But her..al so the kendely born men of the same lond be tourbeled and diseased.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)2/36 : Let Frenchmen in their Frenche also endyten their queynt termes, for it is kyndely to their mouthes.
b
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)26/27 : Þat balme þat es kyndely [Tit: naturell; F naturelles] and gude es riȝt clere and ȝalow..And if it be thikk, reed or blak, þan es it sophisticate.
c
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)372 : Þe materialle swerde..I desire hertly þat it wer turnyd aȝen in-to his kyndely place, wher god hym sijlf had putt it.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)162 : Furst, to carpe of oure Kinge, Hit is a kyndelich thinge, Atte his begynnyng, Howe he dedde his dede.
- a1475 Hrl.Bk.Hawking (Hrl 2340:Halliwell)p.296 : Who so woll lern the kyndely speche of hawkyng, many ther ben that hereafter suyth..in kyndely spech ye shall say that your hawke hath 'nome' a foule, and not 'i-take'.
4.
(a) Rightful, lawful; (b) worthy, noble.
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 Hwi ne serue (Jes-O 29)4 : Crist, kundeliche kyng, cuþ þu þi mayht.
- c1450 Rich.(Add 31042)154/25 : To werrey that londe þat is fro vs lorne, Þat es oure kyndely herytage.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)714/6 : And ye may sle tho two traytours, the Rede Cite and all that be therein woll take you for their kyndely lorde.
- a1525 Conq.Irel.(Dub 592)12/28 : Trywly with hym for to hold frome þat tym forward, as har kyndly [Rwl: trew] lord.
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)24/9 : Þe uirtues of kende, huerby som ys kendeliche more [Vices & V.(2): more worþ] þanne oþer, oþer larger oþer milder oþer graciouser..Of alle þise yefþes me ssel þonki god.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3883 : Had thow knawen hym..His konynge, his knyghthode, his kyndly werkes..his dedis of armes, Thow wolde hafe dole for his dede.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)17/3 : Robert was kyndly, hardy, and bold, and euer with the fryst in euery fyght.
5.
(a) Pleasing, pleasant, acceptable; (b) beneficent, kindly; noninjurious, harmless.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.4.7 : He shal putte of þe same blood opon þe hornes of þe auter of most kyndely [vr. kyndli; WB(2): acceptable] ensense to þe lord.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)108/76 : A, Ipolite! and þou will knau Þe kindly course of Cristes lau And trow in him..To þe tresore þan þou sal be kend.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)30b/a : Genialis: kyndely.
- c1450 Royal SSecr.(Roy 18.A.7)15/6 : It is semely to a kyng..forto delite him in honest pleyes and myrthis..for whan the kynde of man is reioysid in myrthe of kyndely nature, the talent of man takith therof gret strengthe.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.16.10a : Oure Lord is a spirit..And þe kendeli seruise to Him is gostli.
b
- c1400 Daniel *Herbal (Arun 42)f.64r : Leuys of hym [mulberry] arn .. noyws to brukys & to erukys .. But þe leuys of mulberye tres er gladly etyn of swuche wermys as arn noȝt malicyows; & þerfore bombices, i. wermes þat makyn silk, arn kyndely with þe leuys of mulberye tre.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.2062 : Naturis kyndly influence..Which cause was..Naturelly her rancour to restreyne.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)166/117 : All heyl my kyndely comfortour, All heyl mankyndys creatoure!
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1486 Sln.Bk.Hawking (Sln 3488)139 : This is the maner of keping of Sparhauke and Goshauke and of the kindely speche, speking of hem in here kindely termes.
Note: Postdates 3.(c)
- a1450 Dur-CRO.Bk.Hawking (Dur-CRO Roll D/X/76/7)28/103 : The kyndly spech of a hawk.
Note: Antedates 3.(c)
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)110/777-778 : Clerkes þat treteþ of kyndis seiþ þat a body is sik whan his kyndely [vr. bodily] heete is to lytle or whanne is kendely heete is to moche.
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)110/780 : Al mankynde is oo body whos kyndely heete is charite.
Note: ?gloss may need revising - seems to mean 'arising from natural processes internal to the body'; also in fig. context--per JL