Middle English Dictionary Entry
jū̆ǧe n.
Entry Info
| Forms | jū̆ǧe n. Also jug(ge, judge, juggi, judgi, joge, jeuge, (error) jewe. |
| Etymology | OF juge |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) One who tries cases and interprets the laws, a judge; (b) ~ man, a judge.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.113 : Albon..come to fore þe iuge..and was i-dampned to deþe.
- c1390 Cato(1) (Vrn)465 : Aske to þe help of Iuge Vnder wikked lawes.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2628 : A man dredeth to do outrages whan he woot and knoweth that it displeseth to the iuges and the souereyns.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.291 : Come to thise iuges and hir aduocatz.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Ph.(Manly-Rickert)C.175 : Virginius cam to wite the iuges wille.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1031 : Thus be lawe resonable Among the wise jugges there, The Prestes bothe dampned were.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.1697 : The jugge was mad favorable.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)10.335 : Ȝe maistres, meyres, and Iuges..wise men ben holde.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6419 : There shall no jugge imperial, Ne bisshop, ne official, Don jugement on me.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.4.313 : And eek thei wolden refuse the attendaunce of hir advocattz, and taken hemself to hir juges and to hir accusours.
- c1425 *Wycl.Concord.(Roy 17.B.1)79b : Iuge..loke in Domisman.
- (1430) Proc.Privy C.4.64 : Noþer by colour or occasion..any of the seyd lordes shall take any oþer mannes cause or querell or favor..by message ne by wrytyng to jugge, jurie, or partie.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)6.1162 : Vpon a pole whil it dede bleede Was cruelli presentid of entent Tofor the iuges sittyng in iugement.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)662 : Audytours and offycers ordayne thy seluen, Bathe jureez and juggez and justicez of landes.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)82/5 : Ȝe deme noȝte riȝtwisly, ȝe gerre ȝour iugez change ȝour lawes as ȝow liste.
- (1441) Proc.Privy C.5.166 : Richard Newton, chief judge of the Common Pleas.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)2703 : To swich a iuge withdrawe þe hope Of money, and he fro iustice flyttyþ.
- a1450 Terms Assoc.(1) (Rwl D.328)604 : A sentens of iuges.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)48/21 : Sho went vnto þe iudgies of þe law.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)221/23 : Sho was fechid and broght befor þe iuggies & þe men of law.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)18/8 : Alipius..is..led forth as a theef on-to þe iuge.
- (1467) LRed Bk.Bristol1.18 : Before our Chaunceller of England and our twoo Chieff Juges.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)367/24 : Without Iudiciall noyse of Iuge or figure of Iugement.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)231/31 : They arn temperal jewgys.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)216 : Þen was I juge here enjoynyd in gentil lawe.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)149/35 : He was in a grete offis as iuge or counseler.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)5 : The man fledde a-wey, and the woman was taken and ledde be-fore the Iuges.
b
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)843 : This day þey schuln ben hanged..And þe iustice boþe, þat is iugge-man.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)427/25 : Full arely þe juggemen demed hym to dye.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3402 : Þe Iustis & þe gentils & Iugemen [Dub: iuggez] of lawe.
2.
(a) The Supreme Judge, especially in reference to the Last Judgment; God, Christ; (b) an ecclesiastic, or a high priest of the Jews, acting in the capacity of a judge; (c) a confessor.
Associated quotations
a
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)7.12 : God ys iuge stalworþe, ryȝtful, and suffrand.
- c1390 Psalt.Mariae(1) (Vrn)440 : Tempre þou þen to us wiþ þi ginne Of wraþþe þe Iewes mod [L tempera judicis].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.167 : There shul we han a iuge [vr. Iugge] that may nat ben deceyued ne corrupt.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.225 : God, that is hir iuge, shal be with outen mercy to hem.
- (1395) Wycl.37 Concl.(Tit D.1)56 : The assoilinge of the prelat is trewe, whanne it doth the doom of the ynnere iuge, that is, God.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)5637 : Before þe Iuge was he broght.
- (1415) Reg.Chichele in Cant.Yk.S.42 (Lamb 69)46 : Ȝe wull answere afore þe hie Juge at þe dredful day of dom.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1723 : God almyȝti, Iuge of Iuges alle, Hath sette a lawe.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Jas.5.9 : The iuge stondith niȝ bifor the ȝate.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Is.33.22 : The Lord is oure iuge.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.6.346 : Ye worken..byforn the eyen of the juge that seeth and demeth alle thinges.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)56/26 : Þai schall com..before Godd, þe souerayne Iugge.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)670 : Þow will answere before the austeryn jugge.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)27 : Yf I so doo I appell you afor God, the Hie and Chyf Juge of all manekynde.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.38/17 : Afore þe sete of þe euerlastyng Jugge.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)60/85 : Whan he is resyn he xal up stye in hevyn, as juge sitt in his se, Vs for to deme whan we xal dye.
b
- (1425) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.12 : We are required of trewth..to swere and make oth vp-on a boc be-for any juge Spiritual or temporal.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)122/30 : Þe doctowr whiche satt þer as a juge somownd hir to apere befor þe Erchebischop of Ȝorke.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.57/2 : Moony stryves were i-meved afore Jugges fro þe pope Delegate.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)230/2 : As a prelat am I [Annas] properyd to provyde pes And of jewys jewge þe lawe to fortefye.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)266/1014 : Onto Cayphas, þi jewge, we xal þe ledde.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.979 : And eek the preest that is thy iuge may the bettre ben auysed of his iuggement in yeuynge of thy penaunce and that is after thy contricioun.
3.
(a) One who forms an opinion, decides a question, or makes a decision; an expert; also fig.; (b) an umpire in a contest or fight; (c) of the eyes:?regulators (of tears).
Associated quotations
a
- c1390 Cato(1) (Vrn)130 : Whon þou blamest oþer men, Þyn oune Iuge þou ne be.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)23b/a : What resoun fongiþ of þe ymaginatiue resoun demeþ hit as a Iuge and sendiþ hit to þe vertu of mynde.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.m.6.13 : He was so hardherted that he myghte ben domesman or juge of hir dede beaute.
- a1450(1413) Glade in god call (Dgb 102)96 : To ryȝtwys Iuge, god ȝeueþ þe crowne.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)144/11 : But, certis, þis is openli vntrewe, as experience and assaie may þerof be iuge.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)97/12 : He hauys stabyld to vche of þe v portours, his wyt as his awen arbytour or Iuge.
b
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1712 : But telleth me what myster men ye been That been so hardy for to fighten here Withouten iuge or oother officere.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2657 : I wol be trewe iuge..Arcite of Thebes shal haue Emelye, That..hath hir faire ywonne.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.814 : He wolde been oure gouernour And of oure tales iuge and reportour.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1366 : The [read: They] saugh two straunge knyghtes fight..withoute Iuge.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)176/427 : Best it is our Juge þat he [Paris] be, Who shall it have of vs thre.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)61b/b : Þe yȝen..ben Iuges of teres of wepinge.
4.
(a) A ruler invested with judicial powers; the commander of a Roman legion; ~ of helle (soules), the ruler of Hades; (b) a ruler of the Israelites in the premonarchical period; bok of juges, the Biblical Book of Judges (Iudicum).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1719 : And as thow art a rightful lord and juge, Ne yeue vs neither mercy ne refuge.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Amos 2.3 : Y schal leese a iuge of the myddis therof, and Y schal sle with it alle the princes therof.
- a1425 KAlex.(LinI 150)6028 : Prynce, duk, baroun, and knyȝt Saiden þe iuge was ryȝt.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.12.49 : At the laste the lord and juge of soules was moevid to misericordes.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1886 : Juge infernal, Mynos, of Crete kyng, Now cometh thy lot, now comestow on the ryng.
- a1450(a1400) Medit.Pass.(2) (Add 11307)503 : Pylat, þe iuge, parceyved wel Þat it was fals eueryedel Þat þi fon þe beron on honde.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)34a : The moste propre iustice and iuge of þe legioun is þe prefecte þat is meir of þe legioun.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.209 : And when þat Orpheus had mourned sore, Than seide þe juge of helle peynes strong.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)3561 : He is yeur lord riall, & soveren iugg, & lele.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) Pref.Jer.(Bod 959)7.34 : In þe boke of iugez, how fele princez of þe puple, so fele fygurez þer ben.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prol.Kings (Bod 959)40 : Þe secounde ordre of þe prophetis þei makyn & begynnyn fro Jhesu þe sone of Naue…fro þennys þei vndyrweuedyn Sophym, þat is þe booc of Jugys.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.2.19 : After forsoþe þat þe Iuge was ded, þei tornede aȝeyn.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Pref.Jer.(Bod 959)7.78 : Sche smot þe chekebone of þe iuge of irael.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.33 : Þe secunde vnder iuges [Higd.(2): Iugges] from Moyses to Saul.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Judg.2.16 : And the Lord areride iugis, that shulden delyuer hem.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.2934 : She was ther iuge and ther gouerneresse, Cheeff off ther counsail.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)109 : The childeryn of Israell..were ruled bi hym vndir Juges.
5.
As surname.
Associated quotations
- (1210) Cart.St.John in OHS 68207 : Walterus Iugge.
- (1309) in Thuresson ME Occup.Terms142 : Ad. le Jugge.