Middle English Dictionary Entry
Jeu n.
Entry Info
| Forms | Jeu n. Also jeue, jeve, jeuȝ, jeuh, geu & ǧiu, giv, giw, giew & jū(e, jve, jwe, juw(e, jy & jǒu(e; pl. jeues, etc. & jeuwes, jeowes, geus, ihews, giues, gius, giwes, giws, giewes, juwes(se, juise, yewes & juen; (pl. gen.) jewen(e, jeune, giwen(e, juen, juwen, juine, ȝewen & jewes, jues, juus, jwes, juwes, ȝewes. |
| Etymology | OF jüif, jüive, jüi, gïu, gïeu, yüif; AF also geu, jwe. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A Jew, one of the Jewish race or religion, one following the Mosaic law in biblical or post-biblical times; sarasin or ~, ~ or painime, jeues and sarasines, sarasines and jeues, jeues and samaritanes; (b) one of the Jews of the New Testament, i.e. inhabitants of Galilee and Judea; esp. leaders and officials; (c) a subject or king of the kingdom of Judah; also, one of the tribe of Judah; (d) a member of one of the ten lost tribes of Israel; (e) a Hebrew of patriarchal or Egyptian times; (f) a Christianized Jew of early Christian times.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)9 : Alswa hefden þe giwis heore sinagoge efter moises laȝe.
- c1275 Ken.Serm.(LdMisc 471)215/15 : Herodes i-herde þet o king was i-bore þet solde bi king of geus.
- c1275 Ken.Serm.(LdMisc 471)217/92 : vi ydres of stone..ware i-clepede baþieres, wer þo gius hem wesse for..religiun.
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)8 : Alle þe giwes of þe cite bifore hire scholden come.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1201 : Ysaac..Circumcised he was..ðor-of holden ðe ieuwes lay.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)10242 : He harlede vaste..Þe gywes verst of þis lond & in prison caste.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)10972 : Þe nexte ȝer þer after, giwes a child in drowe At lincolne, þat het hue, & in þe rode him slowe.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)35/33 : Heȝe men..þet..sosteneþ iewes and þe caorsins.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)67/15 : Vor þe ilke zenne uorlore þe yewes þet land of beheste.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)213/10 : Hi ssolle by more y-pined..þanne geus þet breken hare zeterday.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3783 : Vn to the Iewes [vr. Iwes] swich an hate hadde he That he bad greithe his chaar ful hastily.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.385 : Charles Grossus was i-poysoned of a Iewe [vr. Juw].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)8.53 : He schulde doo Jewes [vr. Juwes] out of Engelond.
- c1390(c1350) NHom.(2) Corp.Chr.(Vrn)176/163 : Þe Ieuh asked, 'hou farestou?'
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)310/39,40 : For he was Jewh, þerfore wolde Amon venie him of þe Jeowes vchon.
- c1390 Susan.(Vrn)2 : Þer was in Babiloine a bern..Þat was a Ieuȝ [vrr. Jve, Jewe] ientil, and Ioachin he hiht.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.1505 : Among the Jewes..Ther was whilom..A noble Duck, which Jepte hihte.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.2384 : Saul, which was of Juys king, Up peine of deth forbad this art, And yit he tok therof his part.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)166a/a : Þerfore was stryf of praiers bitwene þe Iewes and þe Samaritanes.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)21449 : 'Hu,' said þe ju [Göt: iuu; Frf: iew], 'bot be mi lai!'
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28901 : Þou helpe for-þi sarzin or Iuu [Glb: iow].
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)10.348 : Þat is in extremis..amonges saracenes and iewes.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)109 : Watz neuer so joyful a Jue as Jonas watz þenne.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5510 : As þe Iewes recorde of Ysmael.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)38/5 : Þis land of Ierusalem has bene in many diuerse naciouns handes, as Iews, Cananez, Assirienes..Grekes, Romaynes, Cristen men..and many oþer naciouns.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)314/36 : False cristen men..ben in helle in grettere peyne and turment þan a Iew or a paynym.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)124/32 : Sum of þe pepil askyd whedyr sche wer a Cristen woman er a Iewe.
- (c1438) MKempe B (Add 61823)250/19 : I cry þe mercy, Lord, for Iewys & Sarazinys & alle hethen pepil.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)266 : Ive [Win: Iy]: Judeus.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1434 : The Ebrayk Josephus the olde That of Jewes gestes tolde.
- c1450(?c1400) 3 KCol.(1) (Cmb Ee.4.32)4/27 : But, as it is aforseyde þat balaam was þe first prophete þat was no Iewe.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)68a : A Ieve: Iudeus.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)227/1 : A Ive set his son to a scole among oþer cristyn chyldyr.
- a1500 Play Sacr.(Dub 652)109 : Jew Jonathas ys my name.
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)57/608 : Tu..þoledest pine & passiun þurh giwes read o rode.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)8.15 : Leueð o þe lauerd þe þe Gius [Roy: Giwes] for-demden.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)57/24 : He þolede..þet te giws [Tit: giwes] dutten..his deorewurðe muð wið hare dreori fustes.
- a1275 Judas (Trin-C B.14.39)19 : Foret hym com þe riche ieu þat heiste pilatus.
- a1275 On leome (Trin-C B.14.39)23 : Þe gyuis him bousten For to don to deþe.
- a1275 Seinte marie leuedi (Trin-C B.14.39)28 : Iewes heden þi sone an honde.
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)351 : Pilates hym onswerede, 'am ich Gyv þenne?'
- c1300 SLeg.Pilate (Hrl 2277)103 : Pilatus þurf þe gywene wille him demde þerto.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1327 : 'I nam no gyew,' quaþ Pilatus.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1391 : 'What þer ffalleþ, hit is on þi-sulf,' þe giewes anon sede.
- a1350 God þat al þis myhtes (Hrl 2253)29 : Ich holde me vilore þen a Gyw [vr. iewe; rime: bowe, trowe, now].
- (a1333) Herebert Wele heriȝyng (Add 46919)7 : Þe volk of gywes..comen aȝeynest þe.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)12/28 : Onder þo demere wes Iesu crist ydemd..to þe biddinge of þri kueade ieus.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)29/4 : Þe yewes werrede Jesu crist.
- (1357) Gaytr.LFCatech.(Yk-Borth R.I.11)28/133 : He was traised with his disciple and taken with Iues.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.10.32 : Be ȝe withoute offencioun..to Jewis and hethene men and to the chirche of God.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)11.83 : Whi þat God wolde Soffre..Iudas þe Ieuȝ [Ashm: Iue] Iesu bi-traye.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.47 : Iwes thair messager send Tille Ion the baptist.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)720 : Þyn oþys done hym more greuesnesse þan alle þe Iewys wykkednesse.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)19129 : And sua þai war in presun done, þar badd þai iuen [?error for: men; Vsp: men; Trin-C: men] suld þaim ȝeme.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)18579 : Leue her of no iwe.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)37 : 'Oure law vs leres,' þan said a Iew [vrr. Iuwe, Iowe].
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)1077 : Þan said þe ihews halely, 'Þis es a ferly fare.'
- a1450(?a1349) ?Rolle Ihesu god sone (Cmb Dd.5.64)39 : Þe Jewyis wald not wande to pyne hym.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3137 : Þe Jevys proferyd Criste eysyl & gall.
- a1456(a1402) *Trev.Nicod.(Add 16165)95b : 'Osanna,' quod þe Iuwesse.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)363/237 : A-non to the Jewys it schuld than notyd be.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)27.5 : For the iowes sloghe crist.
- a1500 Leg.Cross BC(1) (Wor F.172)222 : It was asked..of the Jewis in what maner..thei myghten turmente hym.
- a1500 MS Cmb.Ff.2.38 in Halliwell D.946 : How Yewys demyd my sone to dye.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 370)4 Kings 16.6 : Rasyn, kyng of Cyrye..kest out the Jewis [L Iudaeos] fro Ahyla.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.65 : Þe oþere sixe wise men were in þe tyme of þe transmygracioun of Iewes [L transmigrationis Judaicae].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9219 : Þe Iuues now er put o state, And þair kingrik translate.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1159 : Hou þe gentryse of Juise..Watz disstryed.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.7063 : Ieremye..be-wepte..al þe hole transmutacioun [read: transmygracioun] Of þe Iewes.
d
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)176/20 : Betwene þo mountaynes the Iewes of x lynages ben enclosed.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)65/35 : The Iues that Won in gersen, thay ar callyd chyldyr of Israel.
e
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.351 : Thanne haue I in latoun a shulder bon, Which that was of an holy Iewes sheep.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4397 : Yon traitur juu [Frf: Ioseph; Göt: Ieu] me wald sceind.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5656,5657 : He sagh an egypcien..Smit a juu [Frf: Iew; Göt: iuu]..þat brance o kin cald juus [Frf: Iewes] was þat come o iacob sun, iudas.
f
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Gal.2.14,15 : I seide to Cephas, or Petre, bifore alle men, 'If thou, sithen thou ert a Jew, lyuest hethenli and not Jewly, hou constreynest thou hethene men for to bicome Jewis? We ben Jewis of kynde.'
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 21.39 : I am a man Jew of Tarse of Cilicie.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)19946 : God..biholdeþ not wheþer he be Iewe [Göt: Iuu; Phys-E: Iuwe] or sarasyn, bonde or fre.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Col.3.11 : Þer nys male and femel, gentyl and Iwe..but crist is alle þyngys in alle.
2.
(a) Gen.pl. jeuen(e, etc., as adj.: Jewish; (b) gen.pl. jeues, etc., as adj.: Jewish.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)200/8 : Godd..dude his deorewurðe bodi to acwitin ut his leofmon of giwene [Recl.: jewen] honden.
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)70 : Taken ichulle cristindom; ich for-sake here þe giwene lay.
- c1300 SLeg.Inf.Chr.(LdMisc 108)616 : Giwene children feole..Him siweden..For to fechchen watur.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)120/153 : Ope þe heȝe eȝtynde day, He onder-ȝede þe gywen lay And was ycircumcysed.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.439 : Titus profreþ pees, but in þe Iewen side Symon and Iohn wiþ seide.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.47 : He was of þe Samarites and tornede to þe Iewene lawe.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4532 : In prisun..þar in a juen [Trin-C: iewes] child we fand.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9201 : In his time was þe Iuen land [Frf: Iuen-lande;; Trin-C: iewes lond] Wonnen into þe sarzins hand.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12068 : Þan can iosep sare to drede þe tresun o þat Iuen lede.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)19289 : Bot yeit þe Iuen folk [Phys-E: iuwin folc]..Did þe apostels in prisun.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)19946 : Godd..ne be-halds queþer it be Iuen or haiþen, thral or fre.
- a1400 SLeg.(Stw 949:Stiehler)417 : Heroudes huld is broþer wyf al is lyf daye As is oune wyf wiþ vnriht aȝen þe iewin lawe.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)1.65 : Iudas he iapide wiþ Iewene [B: iuwen] siluer.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)15.574 : Dilige deum & proximum is parfit iewen lawe.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)19.104 : Þis ihesus atte iuwen [vrr. Iewne, Iuen; C: Iuwene] feste Water in-to wyn tourned.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1170 : Zede[c]hyas rengned In Juda, þat justised þe Juyne kynges.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)21.40 : Thys iesus of oure Iuwen temple Iapede.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)1036 : The temple of þe Jewenlawe.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)292 : Forto leie upon Cristen preestis that thei ben bounde..bi..a lijk forbode mad to Iewen preestis..bi strengthe of iny [read: eny] forbode in Iewis lawe.
- a1450(a1400) SLeg.Corp.Chr.(Bod 779)103 : Þe prophetus of iewin lawe longe to-fore it sede.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)4 : Pylat was prouost..& Ȝewen [vr. Iudees] iustice also in Judeus londis.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)1228 : Wo, wo, wo! worþ on ȝou boþe, Jerusalem, þe Jewen toun, & þe joly temple!
- ?c1475 *Trev.Nicod.(Sal 39)134b : Eroud hurde þer of and slouȝ alle þe Iewene chyldru þat were in bethleem.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Th.(Manly-Rickert)B.2054 : A fyn hauberk Was al ywroght of Iewes [vr. Iwes] werk.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1808 : The Iwes prophecie Was set of god for avantage.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)21696 : Strijf was..In þaa dais mang þe Iuus [Phys-E: Iuwis] lede.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)12068 : Þen con Ioseph sare drede þe tresoun of þe iewes lede.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)11930 : Hit fel vpon an haly day Þat saboth het in iewes lay.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)60b/a : Sinagoga: a jewes chyrche.
- c1450 PPl.B (RwlPoet 38)1.67 : Iewes [vr. Iuwes; Ld: Iudas he iaped with iuwen siluer].
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)194 : A Iewes maner: iudaismus.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)199 : A Iews custome: iudaismus.
- a1500 PPl.B (Oriel 79)15.574 : Iues [Ld: Dilige deum..is parfit iewen lawe].
- ?a1475 Siege Jerus.(1) (Vsp E.16)1228 : Ȝewes [Ld: Jerusalem, þe Jewen toun].
3.
(a) In place names [see Smith PNElem. 2.1]; (b) as surname.
Associated quotations
a
- (1341) Will Court Hust.(Gldh)1.452 : Le Juesgardyn.
- (1356) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)291 : Jubretgate, Jeubretgate.
- (1357) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)291 : Joubretgate.
- (1380) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)290 : Le Jubiry.
b
- (1241) Close R.Hen.III372 : Johannes le Jeu.
- (1270) Select Pleas Forest in Seld.Soc.1356 : Galfridus le Gyw.
- (1274) Court R.Ramsey270 : Johannes Juwe.
- (1287-8) Leet R.Norwich in Seld.Soc.59 : Reykynt le Ju.
- (1302) Close R.Edw.I582 : Roger le Jeu.
- (1351) Reg.Edw.Blk.Pr.2.19 : John Jeu.
- (1354) Reg.Edw.Blk.Pr.2.62 : Roger le Geu.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1300 SLeg.Nich.(LdMisc 108)335 : Þis luþere cristine man…ake þouȝte þane giv bi-traye.
Note: Additional quote(s)
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)1838 : Another jew child…gon he met.
Note: =New cpd. for 1.(a), ~ child--per SMK
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)1267 : Ane says yn bedleem, Jues land, Yf ȝow for lityll pris stande…Oute of þe sall sprynge…A duke þat sall þe pepyll lede.
Note: =AQ for 2.(b)--per SMK
- 1372 In place (Adv 18.7.21)68 : Euene in his eyne greyȝe þe Iewes spatleden.
Note: Additional quote(s) sense 1.