Middle English Dictionary Entry
jāpe n.
Entry Info
Forms | jāpe n. Also jappe, chape, gape, yape & (pl. error) jaspes. |
Etymology | From jāpen v. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A trick, deceit, fraud, fraudulent excuse; angri (fel) ~, disastrous event; (b) a delusion, magical or diabolical illusion; (c) a false legend; (d) a device, talisman.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Co.(Manly-Rickert)A.4338 : He hadde a iape of malice in the derk.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2933 : Bot undernethe such a jape He hath so for himselve schape, That..The Mitre with the Diademe He hath thurgh Supplantacion.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.378 : That was to him an angri jape..Hise Angres angreliche he boghte.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1961 : Thomas, that iape nys nat worth a myte.
- a1400 Preste ne monke (Cleo B.2)61 : Trantes þai can, & many iape, For somme can with a pound of sape Gete him a kyrtelle & a cape.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.1794 : Þou haddist a fel iape, For..Vlixes..I-robbed was of riches and of good.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)11/15 : Þus in Braband has he bene, Whare he bifore was seldom sene, For to proue þaire iapes.
- ?c1430(c1383) Wycl.Leaven Pharisees (Corp-C 296)12 : Þei maken wyues and oþer wymmen hure sustris bi lettris of fraternite or oþere iapes.
- 1448 *Glo.Chron.C (Arms 58:Kooper)f.196r : He was .. in chambre with his priuez light of speches and jaspes.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)178/6 : I drede me þat I dwelle to lang to do a jape.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1.414 : He made hir a ful fals jape; For..He lefte hir slepynge in an ile.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)2.782 : Where ye sey þat I wolde now disceyue..my lordes..it wil not proue; Swiche iapes to make where not to be-houe.
- a1475 PPl.A(1) (Hrl 875)2.188 : Iapes [Trin-C: he coude on here craft & kneuȝ manye gommes; Liv-U: gynnes].
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)238 : I..Declynet never my consciens..In no gynful jugement no japes to make.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4281 : I sette nat a straw by thy dremynges, For sweuenes ben but vanytees and iapes.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.5003 : He wende al hadde ben a jape Of faierie, and sore him dradde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)198a/b : Þis ston..helpeþ aȝeins Iapes and scornes [L illusiones] of feendes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.4947 : No discrecioun Was to trest..In dremys..Ful of iapis and illusiouns.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)31/11 : Þat reste is nedefull, & slike fro Iapis [L illusionibus] ar savyd & in prelaci ar not sett.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)44/22 : He wyl not levyn my felyngys; he settyth nowt by hem; he heldyth hem but tryfelys & japys.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)416 : Of nygramansi ynogh..Bowes for to beire in the bare winttur..All thies Japes ho enioynit as Gentils beleued.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)43 : Þe iapis of all gemetri gentilli he couth.
c
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)5.331 : This is Arthur of whom the iapes [Trev.: idel tales; L nugae] of Britons discorde.
- a1500(?1382) Wycl.Wks.Mercy (NC 95)180 : Freres..prechen lesyngus and japes plesynge to þe peple.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)47 : It [the Carmelites] is but a faynt folk i-founded vp-on iapes; Þei..lieþ on our Ladie many a longe tale.
d
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)890 : Jason for all þo Japes hade nere his ioy lost.
2.
(a) A frivolous pastime, amusement, literary trifle, light entertainment, rubbishy tale, comic tale; maken japes, to make a fool of oneself, fool about; (b) a depraved or immoral act, undignified or unruly behaviour, indecorous prank; (c) bawdiness.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.459 : We secheþ no pleies and iapes [Higd.(2): disportes; L ludicra].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.67 : It was idoo wiþ foule songes and gestes and iapes and nyse menstralcie.
- c1390(?c1350) SVrn.Leg.(Vrn)70/503 : Hit is waxen swete to me..To leue þe swetnesses of japerye [L nugarum] -- Such tyme i dredde such japes to lete.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.319 : Thow pardoner..Tel vs som myrthe or iapes right anon.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)21911 : Mikil leuer him ware to here how rauland faȝt & oliuere, or of oþer iapis to roun þen of our lordis passioun.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)17/6 : At þaire festes þai broght him [Samson] furth..and made dance before þam and make iapes.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.FCLife (Corp-C 296)191 : Of schort tyme þanne [weren] more veyn iapis founden: deschaunt, countre note, & orgon & smale brekynge, þat stiriþ veyn men to daunsynge more þan [to] mornynge.
- a1450(a1397) WBible(2) GProl.(Hrl 1666)p.32 : See, ȝe lordis and prelatis, that maken vnable curatis..and specialy for pleyinge at the bere, and othere vnleeful iapis, what tresoun ȝe doon to God.
- c1450(c1353) Winner & W.(Add 31042)26 : Now a childe..Fro he can jangle als a jaye and japes telle, He schall be leuede and louede.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2:Peacock)61 : From nyse iapes [vr. gaudees] and rybawdye Thow moste turne a-way þyn ye.
- a1475 I knowlech to god (Rwl B.408)17 : Rather to playes and Iapes y wolde, Then to serue god, rede, syng, or pray.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)82 : Of þis schuld þei be war..þat occupien hem wiþ japis, and remembren hem of þer old iuel, in to lyking þer of.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)97/32 : Amonge which occasiouns [of sin] þese ben summe..myrþys, sportis, iolynessis, iapis, bourdis, pleies.
b
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.242 : What rowne ye with oure mayde, benedicte! Sire, olde lechour, lat thi iapes be.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)272 : Þe fende loked How þe deȝter..wern derelych fayre..And engendered on hem jeauntez wyth her japez ille.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)864 : Derez never my gestes..hit is yor vylaynye..And ȝe ar jolyf gentylmen yor japez ar ille.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.408 : That thow knowe I thynke nought, ne wene, That this servise a shame be or jape, I have my faire suster Polixene, Cassandre, Eleyne..Telle me which thow wilt.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)2157 : At þe last, aftir many iapis, þis fende On þe tunge of þis man him sette.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4411 : A-vise ȝow now be Venus..Þe Iusule of Iupitir & of his Iapis als.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)89/24 : If eny be so drounkyn þat he make it i-knowe..þrouȝ makyng of vncomely iapes and playes, let hym susteyne xl disciplynes.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)408 : An ape..sette hym by the fyre; and now clawed the tone lege, and now the tothere, and skipped ouer the fourme and made many Iapes.
- a1500 God of hewine (Tit A.26)191 : And, thou I klype the prowde knapys, That make in holy chyrche Iapis.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.651 : Iaperes..they maken folk to laughen at hire iaperie..swiche iapes deffendeth Seint Paul.
- 1425(a1400) Spec.Chr.(1) (Lnsd 344)91/2 : Wastinge of time, Hauntinge of vayn place, Iapis or fowle songis.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)257 : Iape: scur[r]ilitas.
3.
(a) A remark not seriously intended, a joke, jest; maken (tellen) japes; (b) a state of mirth, hilarity; maken ~ of, to make merry with (sth.), derive enjoyment from; (c) an insult, mock, gibe; also, a boastful threat [quot. c1440]; maken a ~, to hold (sb.) in contempt; maken a ~ of, maken japes of, turnen til (unto) a ~, make fun of (sth.), make light of.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.1024 : Thow shalt nat..tellen hym lightly thy synne as who so telleth a iape or a tale.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.1857 : Nauplus..hath half in a jape cryd, 'O Ulixes, thou art aspyd.'
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1957 : Boþe þe mon & þe meyny maden mony iapez.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.130 : For al this world ne kan I reden what It sholde ben; some jape, I trowe, is this.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)107/24 : Minstralles..singez him sanges or saise him gestez or tellez iapez or bourdez [Tit: desportes; F reueryes] for solace of þe emperour.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)1395 : Al þis þat I haue of fortune seyde Is but a iape..or a knak.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)269/384 : My lorde! we haue bourded with þis boy..Thanne herde ye some japes of joye?
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)75/12 : Thus he held hym all vpon iapes, and made noo semeland to be in any throwes of love.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)66b : A Jape:..jocus.
- a1500(?c1400) EToulouse (Cmb Ff.2.38)700 : The two knyghtys grete yapys made For to make the lady glade.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)219 : Kynge Arthur..seide to kynge Boors..laughinge, that neuer hadde ther be so fyn an olde man, And Merlin ther-with cried, 'Lete be youre Iapes [F gabois].'
b
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)165 : Tel some tale and make ther-of Iape..Gynne some tale of myrth or of gladnesse.
- a1450(?c1405) Lerne bodyly (Dgb 102)63 : Þouȝ þou be of feble fame, Bere good visage, þy nouȝt [read: þyn ouȝt] aspye, Make þerof but iape and game In fleschly lustis bodylye.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)4370 : Bot þen in hert fulle gladde was he & ron vp & doune in myrthe & Jape.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3390 : Thus she maketh Absolon hir ape And al his ernest turneth til a iape.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3842 : The folk gan laughen at his fantasye..And turned al his harm vnto a iape.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.1083 : Dede were his japes and his cruelte.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.256 : Many men ben to blame þat usen wordis..not nedeful, and wordis of strif wiþ oþire japis.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)198/34 : Sche myth not in þe tyme of feruowr wythstondyn hir wepyng..& þerfor suffyrd sche ful meche wonderyng, many a jape [corrected to: mok] & many a scorne.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1397 : Sir Marschalle de Mowne es..Forejustyde at that journee for his grett japez.
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)8165 : Than alle these Iapes wole ye leve, Than shall ye feele somewaht my greffe.
- (c1450) Boothe be ware (CotR 2.23)227 : The grete and the goldede they made but a jape.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)657/23 : With his mokkis and his japys now shall I never have done with hym.
- a1475 Ihu that alle this (Hnt HM 142)37 : Þei..callyd þe 'kynge' with iape & scorne.
- a1475 VPhilibert (Brog 2.1)p.24 : Now art thou dede, thou mayst not askape; Not long agone thou madyst hereof a jappe.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)113 : Whan Merlin saugh thei made Iapes of his wordes, he returned..to kynge Arthur.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)525 : So may ye be sewre he shall yow nat escape, And elles of all your angre woll he make but a iape.
4.
(a) Something of little importance, a trifling matter, something laughable; (b) something foolish, senseless act, nonsense, piece of nonsense; (c) a plaything, toy, bagatelle; (d) an empty statement, truism; (e) no ~, no laughing matter, no child's play.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2241 : Lawe of londe..Which for tacompte is bot a jape, As thing which thou miht overscape.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)20.144 : Þanne lowgh lyf..And helde holynesse a iape and hendenesse a wastour.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)257 : Iape: Nuga.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.223 : It is no litell þing þat þey requiren, Ne iape of noght of whi[ch]e þey faile so.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)12 : Thow doost not wel thi deuoir..And therfore..it is but a jape of thine hornes and of thi staf.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)113/28 : Thys ys but japis that he hath do, for he shall preve a noble knyght of proues as few lyvynge.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)66b : A Jape: nuge.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)3377 : The bledingge of my side is butt a Iape; It encreasith my corage.
- a1500(a1471) Ashby APP (Cmb Mm.4.42)414 : If thei trespace, Lete not theim eschape, Iustly punysshyng then & not with Iape.
- ?a1500 Lndsb.Nominale (Lndsb)806/20 : Hec nuga: a chape.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.7462 : Cassandra..seide..That if Paris his weie take, As it is seid..We ben for evere thanne undo..And al was holde bot a jape.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)57 : What grayþed me þe grychchyng bot grame more seche?..Did not Jonas in Jude suche jape sum-whyle?
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)15/13 : Þanne hit is a iape of sich a manere onyng of þinges..þouȝ oon auctorite be ynouȝ..for al þis doyng.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1043 : If a peyntour wolde peynte a pyk With asses feet..so nere it but a jape.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4526 : To Mars..Ȝe bringe him a wild bare..Iupitir..sum Iape bos haue, A bullok..is broȝt to his temple.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)7.225 : Stigandus archebischop..seide..that the communicacion of this mater was but a iape [Trev.: folie and vanite; L nugas].
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)3.11.55a : Thei tolde what myschief schuld us be tyde..but..we helde it but a iape.
c
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)21/2 : He sent hym a handball & oþer certane Iapez in scorne.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)348 : The grete galees of Venees..Be wel ladene wyth..Apes and japes..Nifles, trifles.
d
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.363 : Who þat suffreþ..þat purgatorie [St. Patrick's Purgatory]..he schal neuere suffre þe peynes of helle but he dye..wiþ oute repentaunce..Treuisa. Þei þis sawe myȝt be sooth it is but a iape, For no man þat dooþ dedely synne schal be i-saued but he be verrey repentaunt [Add:..and euery man that is verray repentaunt] at his lifes ende..he schal be sikerliche i-saued.
e
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)634 : This verray soth platly and no Iape.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.1527 : And thouh it wer an ernest & no iape, Of God ordeyned nat to be set a-side, He thouhte..his destyne tescape.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)3.1104 : Suche a craft to make, hit is no iape.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)9274 : If thos men thus escape, We ar but deid; this is noo Iape.
- c1500(a1449) Lydg.Aesop (Trin-C R.3.19)841 : To pley withe tyraunts, I holde it is no iape.
- a1550 *Norton OAlch.(BodeMus 63)1767 : It is no gape, nother light to learne, your principall agent all seasons to discerne.