Middle English Dictionary Entry
arraien v.
Entry Info
Forms | arraien v. Also araien. |
Etymology | AF ar(r)ai-, tonic stem of ar(r)eer. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To put (things) in order, arrange; to get (sth.) ready, prepare; to rule (a kingdom); to organize (a book, an argument); (b) to marshall (men for battle), draw up (an army, a division of an army); ~ bataille, to marshall a body of troops; (c) to cook (food), prepare (food, drink, a meal, a feast); (d) to put (sb.) into a state or condition, treat (either well or badly); ivel ~, to mistreat; mad araied, in a disordered state; wel araied, in fine condition [iron.].
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.54.11 : I shal araie [L sternam] bi order thi stones.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.58.5 : Whether to binde togidere as a cercle his hed, and sac and asken to araȝen [WB(2): make redi; L sternere]?
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2867 : He..leet anoon comaunde to..leyen hem on a rewe, In colpons wel arrayed for to brenne.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4227 : A dong carte wente..That was arrayed in the same wise As ye han herd the dede man deuyse.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2029 : This kyng with noble pourveance Hath for himself his Charr araied, Wher inne he wolde ride amaied.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.980 : She..Hath euery chambre arrayed and his halle.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1442 : Þe jueles out of Jerusalem..Bi þe syde of þe sale were semely arayed.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Mat.25.7 : Alle tho virgyns risen vp, and araieden her laumpis.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)1278 : The Gregeis ben londit..With gay tentis arayed aryght.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)509 : He askes hym sone, How he arayes þe rewme & rewlys þe pople.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)203 : Þou wrouȝtist and disposist and araiedist al þi werkis and þyn effectis sufficient to make an hool world in vj daies.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)10 : Thys boke ryȝt to aray, Begynnyng, myddes, and end.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)124/6 : Sche say many men..bysy to araye þe auter as þouȝ a preest schuld go to masse.
- c1453(c1437) Brut-1436 (Hrl 53)560/27 : Which mene place was aftirward arayet betwene ij villages.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)6/9 : Y haue and schal eche of þilke conclusions sette forþ..þat þei be bi so mych þe redier araied and foormyd to be acceptid.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)39/31 : Araie [L praepara] þy soule to þi spouse.
b
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)105/201-2 : He arayeþ hare trome As me a-reyt men in fyȝt.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1153 : Whanne þe renkes were arayed..bugles & bemes men gun blowe fast.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)3561 : To þe feld he went bi-fore boldli him-self his batailes to araie.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.1836 : He hath anon hise men arraied, And whan that he was embatailled, He goth and hath the feld assailed.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)334a/b : Þe trompe..is som tyme y blowe to arraye batayles.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)6222 : Þai ware arrayed wiþ þaire leders.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3077 : Sir Arthure enters anon with hostes arayede.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)6105 : The secund batell..þe soueran araiet, Of thre thowsond þro knyghtis.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)7210 : Agamynon þe grekys gedrit..Araiet on a rout redy to batell.
c
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.641 : The coc which schal his mete arraie..His lordes thonk schal ofte lese.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4939 : His Souper was ryht wel arraied.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.1904 : Ther was gret feste arraied tho.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)p.13 : Take Oynons and erbes and..do þer to gode broth, and aray it as þu didest caboches.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)139/18 : Arraye for me to morwe a gode dyner for so many folk.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)67 : Cesyn, or welle aray mete or drynke: Tempero.
- a1500 GRom.(Add 9066)149 : The Coke, whan he had araied the hert, he..ete it.
- a1500 GRom.(Add 9066)328 : He toke an Iren and smote fire of a stone, and araied hym flessh and Ete.
d
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)417 : He ys a man heȝ of mod, Sarasynz to yule arraye.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1801 : Se how they blede! be they noght wel arrayed! Thus hath hir lord the god of loue ypayed Hir wages.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1166 : Hit payed hym not þat I so flonc Ouer meruelous merez, so mad arayde.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)603 : We wold aray hym so That he shuld have legg ne foot, to-morow on to go.
- c1475 Court Sap.(Trin-C R.3.21)747 : Wyth salt teares, why be ye thus arayde?
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)343 : Whan the tother v saugh that kehenyns was so araide, hem forthought it sore.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)46/207 : What haue I done..And thus gyltles shall be arayde?
2.
(a) To plan or plot (sth.), arrange (to do sth., to bring sth. about), make plans for (an action or occurrence); with for: to prepare (death, treachery, etc.) for (sb.); it was araied, it was destined; (b) refl. to make oneself ready, get ready (to do sth.), apply oneself (to a task); also, to betake oneself, go (to one's house, to bed); (c) ~ to raunsoun, to hold (sb.) for ransom.
Associated quotations
a
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)4357 : Ho miȝte our passage betere araye?
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.281 : While Herodes arayeþ [L disponeret; Higd.(2): intendenge] for þe children deeþ, he was i-sompned..of Cesar.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.1098 : Alla gooth to his in and..Arrayed for this feste in euery wise.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)73a/a : A good seruaunt..studieþ..to araye and ordeyne for his lordis profite raþer þan for his owne.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.200 : Ay wher he wente, it was arayed thus: He was hir deth.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Deeds 23.30 : Whanne it was teeld me of the aspies that thei arayden [WB(1): maden redy] for hym, Y sente hym to thee.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.15/25 : He hath skapid the deith to hym arayed [L sibi paratam].
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)207 : Louȝer submissioun thei myȝten not neither couthen araie, forto bisette vpon Crist him silf.
- a1456(a1402) *Trev.Nicod.(Add 16165)108a : I arayed also to nayle him to þe tree.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)126/13 : Moyses was in þe hille..to araie for þe tablis writing.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.413 : Þe eorle of þat place arayed hym forto wende to Ierusalem.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)2.130 : Fals..lette sompne alle men In Cuntre a-boute, To Arayen hem redi..To weende with hem to westmunster.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)73a/b : A trewe seruaunt..disposiþ nothir arayeþ himsilf..to slepe tofore þe comynge of hise lord.
- a1400(?a1325) Bonav.Medit.(1) (Hrl 1701)990 : Þey shette hyt a boute..And arayde hem faste þen for to gone.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.11 : Resoun gan arrayen hym alle, þe reume to preche.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.103 : Some on fote and some for to ride Arraie hem silf, her fomen for to assaile.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)65/15 : When spyes..seez Cristen men com to werray apon þam..alssone þai aray þam for to kepe þam.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)352 : If þe wijf..askiþ bi word or token to deele wiþ her husbond, he is bounde to satisfie hir and araie hym þerto.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)171 : The remembrer..schal be the more stirid to araie him and dispose him thidirward.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)346 : Þat athell kyng..Arayed hym for to ryde with the renkes.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)3344 : Þan to his house he him arayed.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)368/362 : Ye dodemvsyd prynces, faste yow aray!
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)322 : The stiward perceivid þe Emperour in chambir and araiyng him to bed.
c
- a1500 Methodius(3) (Stw 953)619 : Sum..xall be..kawt as presonerys suyrly & to rawnsom ben a-rayyde.
3.
(a) To equip (sb.), fit out, provide (with sth.); to arm (a knight, a soldier); refl. to provide oneself (with sth.); (b) to equip (a horse) with saddle, etc.; to furnish (a bed) with blankets, etc.; to provision (a city); (c) to put clothing on (sb.), dress; refl. to get dressed; to provide (with clothing); to caparison (a horse); fig. to clothe (the soul), to clothe (oneself with justice).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2046 : Ouer his heed ther shynen two figures Of sterres..This god of armes was arrayed [vrr. arayed, arraide] thus.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.384 : He was with worthi compainie Arraied and with good navie To schipe he goth.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)181b/b : Men of Irlonde ben singulereliche y cloþede and vnsemeliche arraiede and scarseliche y fedde.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.930 : Certeyn Grekis wern of herte bolde To entre his lond..Wel arrayed in a vessel newe.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)97/19 : Þai bere a grete target..and a lang spere..and on þis maner arayd þai ga baldely agayne þaire enmys.
- (1435) RParl.4.489a : He is nowe opon the See at his owen grete coste, with an c persons arraied, for to withstonde the depresse ye Kyngs Enmys.
- (1436) RParl.4.498a : There come one William Pulle..with many oyer Felons..hernessed and arraied in maner of Werre.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1143 : He will aray hym full rad with a route noble.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)22/23 : Thes two noble kynges were..comyn ovir the see with three hondred knyghtes full well arayed both for the pees and also for the werre.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)188/1117 : Ector..brought his folke..arayed with spere and sheld.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)81/1 : Thay..toke grette Prayes, arrayed ham nobely with hors & wepyn.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1604 : Forto reken al þe arai in rome þat time..so wel in alle wise was hit arayed, & plente of alle purueaunce purueyed to riȝttes.
- c1425 Liber de Hyda in RS 45256 : I graunte to my cosyn..and ethte hors, fowre arayd [OE gerædode; L cum apparatu] and fowre unrayde.
- a1486 Knts.Bath in Archaeol.57 (Mrg M 775)68 : All the beddis..bene thus arayed: a matras, a payre of blanketis, a payre of shetis..Ther horsis schall be arayde in this wise: the sadill muste be blak [etc.].
c
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1426 : Þe messageres riȝt realy were arayde..al in glimerand gold.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1389 : Arrayed [vrr. araied, arraide] was this god..As he was whan that Argus took his sleep.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3689 : Vp rist this ioly louere Absolon And hym arrayeth [vr. arayeþ] gay at poynt deuys.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.1371 : What ben thei that now riden hiere And ben so richeliche arraied?
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)3365 : Scho hir arayed in better wede.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)31/17 : Þus schal þat soule be araied.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3722 : I nell make mencioun Nor of robe, nor of tresour..But knowith wel..She was araied richely.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)101/34 : The wommen ben right foule & euyll arrayed [OF malment vestiez].
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1207 : So was he fressh arayed in his wyse.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)19/5 : Warne all þe folke þat þay aray þam in whitte clethynge.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)1224 : As þaw y were arayed in ryȝt pore aray.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)2274 : Ten hondred stedes..Kyng Rycharde let araye in trappure.
- a1475(1450) Scrope DSP (Bod 943)114/3 : Array yow with iustice and clothe yow with chastitee.
- (1454) EEWills133/27 : Y bequethe to Iohn of the kechyn vj s. viij d., And to be new arayd.
- c1460 Ipom.(3) (Lngl 257)348/8 : Ipomedon..vnarmed him and arrayd hym, as he did before.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)153/69 : I regne..kynge A-rayd ful Rych, Rollyd in rynggys and robys.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)237/18 : The deuel aperede vnto hym in lyckenes of a fayre, rial arayed kynge.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)107 : Thei .. ledde hym [Arthur] to the vestymentis rioall, and whan he was aried, the archebisshop was made redy to synge masse.
4.
To adorn (sth.), decorate, beautify; also fig.; araied over, much adorned, covered.
Associated quotations
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.910 : Craft of mannes hond so curiously Arrayed hadde this gardyn.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)201a/a : Som tyme men by craft arrayen [L inficiunt] þe stone þat hatte vitrum and putten it forþ in þe stede of smaragdus.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1458 : Covered cowpes foul clene, as casteles arayed, Enbaned under batelment with bantelles quoynt.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)37/27 : Þe auters ben dyuerseli araied wiþ preciouse stoones.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1659 : Sche koude..in wynter with flouris fresche of hewe Araye þe erþe.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Esth.1.6 : Beddis of gold..arayede with smaragde and dyuerse stoon.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)210/30 : Þu preyist..alle holy virginys þat þei xulde arayn þe chawmbre of þi sowle wyth many fayr flowerys.
- (1440) in Black Leathersellers24 : That no Whitetawier tawe, wirke, nor array..ony maner Shepeslether, Calveslether.
- c1450 Scrope Othea (Lngl 253)23 : Fayre langage arayed wyth retorique.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)1057 : In a syluerene vessel, wyth gemmys freshly Arayed, they founde this blyssyd body.
- c1450(a1449) Lydg.SSecr.(Sln 2464)1314 : The sesoun Ordeyned taraye with newe Clours, As gardeyns Erbys.
- a1475(1450) Scrope DSP (Bod 943)72/29 : Covetist thou more to array with wisdom the olde skynnes of beestis thanne the wittis of men?
- c1475 Awntyrs Arth.(Tay 9)p.1 : Dame Gaynour he ledus Inne a gliderand gyde..Arayit aure with rebans, rycheste of ray.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)46/29 : Þo vertues..disposen, araien and parfiten a creature or power of eny creature bi ȝift of kynde.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)40 : He mad the Temple of God, and arayed it with mech richesse.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)4b : To Aray..exornare, ornare, vbi to make fayre.
5.
To provide (sth.), furnish, procure; to make (sth.), build, construct.
Associated quotations
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2090 : Theseus..at his grete cost arrayed thus The temples and the theatre euery del.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.217 : Also in þe Capitol was arrayed wiþ hiȝe walles i-heled wiþ glas and wiþ gold, as it were, þe mirrour of al þe world aboute.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.167 : His wardeynes arayede [vr. made; L parant; Higd.(2): ordeynede] venym, forto ȝeve him to drynke.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)103a/a : Wiþ medycines..& wiþ electuaries araied [L praeparatis] þerfore.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)719 : To suche is heuenryche arayed.
- (c1434) Drury Wks.(CmbAdd 2830)77/58 : Come, ȝe blissid childerin of myn fader, receyue þe kyngdam þat was arayid for ȝu fro þe begynnyng of þe word.
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)45 : By hym euerlastynge lyght ys arrayed to me, and endles derkness schal falle to þe.
- a1475(1450) Scrope DSP (Bod 943)92/3 : Eschewe the snares þat wommen arraiethe to take with al men.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.11 : Suche reward is arraied for þaire mede.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)99 : A makere ayen of mattes..j sigh sitte, that arayede and made ayen hise olde mattes.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)68/3 : Y haue leefer to araie my bokeler bifore þe strook come þan leue such a bokeler vnaraied, or purueie for it ouer late.
- a1456(a1402) *Trev.Nicod.(Add 16165)108a : I..arayed a treo for to naylle him þer to, and nayles I arayed.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1475(c1450) ?Scrope Mirror World (Bod 283) 12891 : Whan a man seeth a beere arayed it is a tokyn þat ther is a dede bodye therin.
Note: Ed.: "arayed: 'covered with a pall' ([F] paree)."
Note: New sense.