Middle English Dictionary Entry
arrai n.
Entry Info
Forms | arrai n. Also arai. |
Etymology | AF ar(r)ai, CF ar(r)oi. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The action of preparing or arranging; the building (of a temple); the mustering (of an army); commissioun of ~, officials in charge of mustering troops; (b) festivities, ceremonies, celebration; (c) conduct, behavior; that which is done, affair, matter; what ~ is this, what goes on here?
Associated quotations
a
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1405 : To long mater most it be, to myng al þe ioye & þe real romayns array for here lordes sake.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3630 : But er that he had maad al this array [vrr. aray, araie], He sente his knaue..to Londoun.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)168b/b : Þe kynge of Assiries wiþ..moost grete arraie [L apparatibus] of werrioures byseged þe citee.
- (1458) Let.Sou.in Sou.RS 22 (Sou SC.2/9/2)13 : Ther be comissiones of arraye sende oute in to all the shires..for kepinge of the same.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)230/75 : How myght that be trew? it toke more aray.
b
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.1075 : I do no cure To tellen yow the ioye and al tharray.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.63 : This Cambyuskan..halt his feste..Of which, if I shal tellen al tharray, Thanne wolde it occupie a someres day.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2699 : It were but veyn to make mencioun Of her reuel ne her gret array.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1665 : The araye and þe ryalltez of þe rounde table.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)1173 : The fyrst day were of this solemne aray..yet eyghte days more They solemne kept.
- a1500 RSicily (Cmb Ff.2.38)261 : Þey myght..Wende to þer brodur, þe pope of Rome, To see hys nobull & ryall arraye In Rome on halowe-thursdaye.
c
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Serv.& L.(Corp-C 296)242 : Lordis..maken summe prestis..reuleris of here worldly plees, arraies, & worldly dedes.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.732 : Of figis grounde..Goblettis yef thy gees, But these arayis To speke of heere, for nought but myrth & play is.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)1255 : For I woll no lengir suffir this aray, To clothe the al new.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1133/7 : Launcelot..fownde them at a grete affray. 'What aray ys thys?' seyde sir Launcelot.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)33/131 : Herke, abel brother, what a-ray is þis.
- a1500 ?Ros Belle Dame (Cmb Ff.1.6)570 : Wherfore y wil not make non suche aray, As for to fynde a plesaunce but bareyn.
2.
(a) The order or position of things, arrangement, order, sequence; the manner in which something is done or placed, fashion, manner; in ~, in an orderly arrangement; in (on) right ~, on god ~, in proper order or sequence, in an orderly manner; out of ~, in disorder, in a disorderly manner; putten in ~, to put (sth.) in order; (b) an orderly arrangement of armed men, a military formation; out of ~, not in formation, out of ranks.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.299 : O firste moeuyng, cruel firmament..Thy crowdyng set the heuene in swich array [vrr. aray, araye, arraie] At the bigynnyng of this fiers viage, That cruel Mars hath slayn this mariage.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.262 : The tyme..Approcheth that this weddyng sholde be And al the paleys put was in array.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)141a/b : Cranes & gees..fleþ in ordre & in aray [L ordinate volant].
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.110 : Þe barons on gode aray at London mad þei feste.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)6.158 : Boþe monkes and chanouns Han ride out of a-ray.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)153/34 : Þei gon ij & ij to gedre full ordynatly before the Emperour..And þan entreth þat oþer seconde thousand & doth right so in the same manere of array & contenance as did the firste.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.320 : But uppon clay If thow wilt bilde, another is tharay.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1207 : Whas neuer rewme owte of araye so redyly releuede.
- (1444) RParl.5.127a : That then the Coronours..have power to make the array of the enquest or panell for the triell of the same offencez.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1454 : Al þe vessel of þe abbay Aw hir to ȝeme in right aray.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)2099 : When it es red on right array, Þe priores sal til hir say [etc.].
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)425 : He..asselis it..With a rede golde rynge on þis aray grayuyn: A lyons heuyd was on-loft, louely coruyn.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)123 : He..purveyde him..an honest Garlonde of Rede Rosys in a Riall a-Ray [Add: wele araied].
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)3361-7 : Þei ne tok non hede to reule hem of non array, but..eche burn bifore oþer on his blonk prikede..þe bolder ouȝt we be, þei ben out of araie.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.3473 : So faste after the chace he spedde, That he was founde out of array.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1417 : The Romaynes owte of araye remouede at ones And rydes awaye in a rowtte.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2136 : Than the Romaynes..Rewles them in arraye, rerewarde ande oþer, With wyghte wapynez of werre.
- a1475(1450) Scrope DSP (Bod 943)278/31 : His chiualrie is the counsaile of wisemen, his array is strengthe, his tresour is discipline.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)243 : But thei were not alle in array, for thei were spredde a-brode..that brent and robbed.
3.
(a) Condition, state, plight; treatment, ill-treatment, misery; in (on) god ~, in good condition, healthy, safe and sound; man of ~, at man's estate, of age [?man-at-arms]; (b) posture, position; (c) appearance, aspect.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3259 : Whan that they hym fond in this array [vrr. aray, araie], They bounde hym faste.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3673 : His moder made he in pitous array.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)517 : Sone he schel be on god aray, & beo al hol & feere.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.934 : And alle we that been in this array And maken al this lamentacioun, We losten alle oure housbondes at that toun.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1560 : He stood in swich array, That nedes moste he wynne..A thousand frankes.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.902 : Thow standest yet..in swich array, That of thy lyf yet hastow no suretee.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.670 : He..wondreth that she may In pacience suffre al this array.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)491 : Of countes..Wer fayr in heuen to halde asstate, Oþer ellez a lady of lasse aray.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)2969 : Þaire cloþes war reven on evil arai.
- a1425 Shrewsbury Frag.(Shrw 6)5/16 : Christ is risen vp in gode aray.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)108/17 : Þe aray [OF li estate] of him self and oþer lordes þat sittez with him es nobill and reall.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)6/168 : Þer God and mon present schal be, And al þe world on fuyre brennyng, A reuful aray.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)1326 : Hurre mayde come forthe þo, sore wepynge, When he sawe þat clothyng in suche aray.
- a1450 St.Etheldr.(Fst B.3)929 : Mony an holle mon home dude gone, Þe whiche come þedur fulle seke & in fulle feble aray.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)410 : Þynke on þyn endynge day Whanne þou schalt be closyd vnder clay! & if þou thenke of þat aray certis þou schalt not synne.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)387 : To the Sowdane chambir many a man Oure foure lordis ledd thay than, To rekken of theire Arraye.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)1391 : His pleying atte dise Is cause of his aray.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)55/119 : Thow þat þi fadyr be pore of array and þow neuer so rych..loke þou wurchep hym.
- a1500 Eglam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)451 : Y have wetyn, syth y was man of aray, He hath slayne syxty on a day.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.173 : Tantalus..stondeþ in þat array bytwene mete and drynke.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3447 : Adoun he gooth and tolde..In what array [vrr. aray, araie] he saugh this ilke man.
c
- c1390 11 Pains(3) (Vrn)30 : Seuen peynes weoren þer..Þe ffyfþe Eddres of foul aray.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.775 : Thy mynde is lorn, thow ianglest as a iay, Thy face is turned in a new array [vr. aray].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)185b/b : No prouynce is worþi to be sette to for Narbone in araye of men [L in cultu virorum], in worþines of maners..in plente of rycchesse.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)107 : I schall reken thaire araye.
4.
A rank or line of soldiers; troops drawn up in battle formation, an army, a host; also, a crowd of people, a multitude; maken ~, to make a show of armed force.
Associated quotations
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1597 : No mon vpon mold miȝt ayme þe noumber; al þat real aray reken schold men neuer.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2423 : Gy..out at a wyndowe þan gan lye..Of þat host to be-holde þe huge aray & of sarsynz þe semblee.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.273 : Of his retenue the bachelrye..Vnto the village..In this array the righte wey han holde.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3089 : Þei schuld go..With al þe array of worþi chyualry Þat þei may gete in her company.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.1249 : Kyng Thelephus is descended doun With gret array, to harme hem.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)223 : The semelyest, sixe foote or litil lesse, The first arayes of the legyoun..it is in to dresse.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)2978 : What nedith this..to make such aray Sith wee been pese-marchantis & vse no spoliacioune?
- (1461) Paston (Gairdner)3.275 : Howard purposith hym to make any aray at owre manor of Wynche.
- a1500 Degrev.(Cmb Ff.1.6)492 : Nowe schall he, magre his tyeth, For all is grete arey.
- a1500 Wars Alex.(Dub 213)1320 : The rawes of þair arayes he rushes to þe erth.
5.
(a) Equipment, furnishings, gear; the arms of a knight; of god ~, well armed, well equipped; (b) clothing, wearing apparel; garb, costume; fig. the setting for a jewel; ordinaunce of ~, any one of the sumptuary laws regulating dress.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3493 : Hir riche array [vrr. aray, araye] ne myghte nat be told, As wel in vessel as in hire clothyng.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.73 : But for to tellen yow of his array, Hise hors were goode but he was nat gay.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1437 : Thow hast ynow in euery manere wise That to a thrifty houshold may suffise; Thee lakketh noon array ne no vitaille.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2512 : The lordes in here beste arrai Be comen ate time set.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2026 : His housyng, his array, as honestly To his degree was maked as a kynges.
- (1418) EEWills32/23 : I bequethe to Ionet..alle myne arraye & necessaries in my chambre.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3799 : Euery men..arme hym wel in his best array.
- a1425(a1396) Maidstone PPs. (Wht)732 : Þus answeriþ ech a Cristen knyȝt That ȝeueþ no force of riche arayes.
- (1426) Will York in Sur.Soc.4410 : A blewe vestiment, with aray of the auter, chalis, crewetts, & paxbrede.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Prelates (Corp-C 296)61 : What doþ gold in ȝoure bridelis & oþere araies?
- (1433) Will York in Sur.Soc.3041 : Myne aray for my body, armure, gownes, hodes, girdels..gif I to Johne my sonne.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)52/33 : Þe araye þat langes till Alexander hallely schall be ȝours.
- (1449) Will Brugco in Nichols Illust.133 : I bequethe to the seyd chirch..a solempnitie of array for the fest of Corpus Christi.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)924 : Wyth multitude of men of gode array.
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.46 : Hors, stedus, and armoure, Knyȝtus of gode a-ray.
- (1462) Will York in Sur.Soc.30256 : I wille that my wife have all the array of my chapell til my sone come to ful age.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)203 : Thei were feire knyghtes..of freissh aray and riche atire.
b
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)80 : He..saw hym whar he sat & knew him by his araie.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1408 : Right anoon he chaunged his array [vrr. aray, araye] And cladde hym as a poure laborer.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)330 : He rood but hoomly in a medlee coote..Of his array telle I no lenger tale.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.430 : Now as of the outrageous array [vrr. aray, araye] of wommen..yet notifie they in hire array of atyr likerousnesse and pride.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.965 : Though thyn array be badde and yuel biseye.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)3364 : Þe sergaunt did hir dun to liht, In better aray hir forto dyht.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)5 : Perle..So rounde, so reken in vche araye.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1805 : In hir closet sche toke hir beste array, For to encrese..Natures wirke with royal apparaille.
- a1425 By a forest (Bod 596)14 : Thus sang þis bryd in pover array..'My fedres schene ben pulled me fro.'
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Prelates (Corp-C 296)60 : Hou may þei, for schame, lyue so contrariously aȝenst here pore lif..in gret aray of cloþis.
- (1444) Will York in Sur.Soc.30106 : And to my doghter Issabell my coufer with all my array except ij furres.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)525 : A semely prelet stode at his fete, Lyke to a bysshop in his araye.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)63/29 : Thei that takithe suche arrayes furst shal be with God most blamed.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)3064 : Beryn & these romeyns were com in good aray As myȝt be made of woll.
- (1463-4) RParl.5.504a : There hath been dyvers Ordenauncez..for the Apparell and Aray of the Commyns..aswell of men as of women.
- (1463-4) RParl.505a : That noo Yoman..use nor were in the Aray for his body eny bolsters..nor other stuffer in his Doublet.
- (1463-4) RParl.505b : This Ordenaunce of Aray.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)50/24 : Al þat may be bouȝt and soolde for money, apparels or araies, meyne, dignitees, officis.
6.
Splendid furnishings, adornment, grandeur, magnificence; gret ~, rich ~.
Associated quotations
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3272 : This was in a temple of greet array [vrr. aray, araie].
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2199 : The riche array of Theseus paleys..Of al this make I now no mencioun.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1312 : And of arai The temples weren thanne ordeigned.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.1629 : He fond the Schip of gret Array.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)136/1 : Now will I tell ȝow þe aray of Prestre Iohnes palays.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)21/216 : Evere this Schipe he beheld there, And of the Aray Alle the manere.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10576 : Þai puruait of prise, with precious aray, A Sepulcre solempne, set full of stonys.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)130 : The sailes were of rede Sendelle, Embrowdred with riche araye, With beestes and breddes.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)39/539 : Grete townes of aray fflitt has this flowyng.