Middle English Dictionary Entry
hōst(e n.(2)
Entry Info
Forms | hōst(e n.(2) Also ost(e. |
Etymology | OF h)oste, hôte, masc. n. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: For sense 2., see DMF s.v. hoste subst. masc., 'Celui qui est logé, hébergé; sujet d'un seigneur (d'une classe intermédiaire entre les hommes libres et les serfs).'
1.
(a) One who entertains guests in his own home, one who invites guests to a feast, a host; (b) the landlord of an inn or lodging house, innkeeper [often difficult to distinguish from (a)]; (c) a landlord having supervisory power; esp. the landlord of an alien merchant, who acted as his official adviser, supervised his business transaction, and received a commission for his services; ben under ~, to come under the supervision of such a landlord; compellen (putten) unto ~, oblige (sb.) to be under such supervision; gon to ~, lodge with such a host and come under his supervision.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)6461 : Arthour nome it [booty]..& so miche ȝaf his ost Blaise Þat riche hem made.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)791 : Sir Gij his ost cleped him to.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.1289 : And whan the presse of poeple is weived, He takth his hoste unto him tho.
- a1400 Pep.Gosp.(Pep 2498)62/8 : He tauȝt his hoste [L ei qui se invitaverat] þat, whan he made feste, ȝat he schulde clepe þe meseise & þe pouer.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)222 : Efter soper, sayd myne oste Þat he cowth noght tel þe day Þat ani knight are with him lay.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Rom.16.23 : Gayus, myn oost [WB(1): herborgere; L hospes], gretith ȝou wel.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)82/29 : By fortune they were lodged with a jantilman; And as they sate at souper..'What ys thys noyse?' seyde Balyn. 'For sothe,' seyde his oste, 'I woll telle you.'
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)24/41 : Seynt Austyne..at þe gret Instaunce of his Ooste, kynge Ethelberte.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)555 : He gafe hys oost a gode palfray.
b
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)126 : For his niȝtes gestinge, He ȝaf his oste an hundred schillinge.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)1176 : At one gode mannes house his In a-niȝt he nam..his oste nam wel gode ȝeme hov heo heom alle bere.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.747 : Greet cheere made oure hoost vs euerichon, And to the soper sette he vs anon.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.751 : A semely man oure hoost was with alle For to been a marchal in an halle.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3501 : This Nicholas..seyde, 'Iohn, myn hoost.'
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)79 : My man..took myn Inne anon Wher þe pylgrymes were logged..Her gouernour, the host..spak to me.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)92/6 : Owr Lord bad hir þat sche xuld..gon hom a-geyn to hir ostys howse, þer sche was at hostel befor-tyme.
- (c1438) MKempe B (Add 61823)237/7 : Sche payd for hir lodgynge, speryng at hir oostys yf þei knewe of any felaschep to-Akun-ward.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)35.39 : 'What,' quod here Ost Aȝen tho, 'ȝe ben Christened!'
- a1500 Travel Instruc.(CotApp 8)278 : Ye may be avysed whether hit be beste that youre ostes ordeyne for youre mete and drynke or elles your one officers.
c
- [ (1439) Statutes Realm2.304 : Et ferra chascun des ditz hostes register..toutz les ditz merchaundises que les ditz merchauntz aliens averount & resceiverount..Et prendra le dit host pour soun labour..ij d. pour chascun xx s. ]
- (1425) RParl.4.276a : Al the Merchantz straungers shalle be under hoost withynne xv dayes after thair commynt..Alsoo..wyth inne xl dayes after thay bee under hooste, the said Merchantz straungers shall selle..all thaire Merchandises.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)121 : Avise weel all straunge merchauntes..that they takyn goode hostes and trewe; for ȝif her hostys ben sellerys of her merchaundise, the hostys shal answeren to her merchauntes of the fulle.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)147 : It is ordeyned by comoun counceil of..Gippeswich that non..but ȝif he be a burgeys..be hostes of straunge merchauntz..and all the hostes by counselyng to her merchauntz whanne and to whom they owen to sellyn her merchaundise, of which merchaundise eche host may han his fortie part.
- (1442) RParl.5.54b : That no Custumer nor Countrollour of the Custume..be Hostes to any Marchaunt Alien.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)464 : They myght be put to certeyne To go to oste as wee there wyth hem doo.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)509 : Compelle them unto ooste, and ye shall see Moche avauntage..arise.
- c1450 Lond.Chron.Cleo.(Cleo C.4)146 : That all marchandise straungeris schuld goo to Ost with Englisshmen within two dayes aftyr they be com to london.
- c1450 Lond.Chron.Cleo.(Cleo C.4)147 : The goodis that thei bye and sell schall yeve to her Ostis for euery xx s. worth ii d.
- c1450 Lond.Chron.Vit.(1) (Vit A.16)153 : The comones desired that lombardes and aliens shuld be put vnto hoste.
- (1455) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2.p.50 : That euery estraunger..to wham hit apperteyneth to haue an hoost for sale and deliueraunce of thair heryng..shall take his hoost by deliueraunce..of the Chamburleynes..and what burgeyse taketh a pon' hym to be Ooste to eny suche Straunger with owte..assent of the Chamburleynes shall paie..xx s.
- (1462) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2.p.62 : The Maire, Shiriff and Chamberneys..To assigne The Merchaunts to Their hoostes.
- a1500 Let.Bk.Lond.D (Gldh LetBk D)194 : Ye schal..honestly demene þe straunge marchaund þe ye..shal be assignyd host and overseer to.
- a1525(?1421) Cov.Leet Bk.33 : Fyschers þat bryng See fysche in-to this cite be not Osted ne Inned at any fischers housz..but at othur Innes at lymytacion of the maiour; and to mak true relacion to hym..what maner fysche the forsaid fischers bryng in-to hur Innes, ther hoost schal-be sworne to the maiour.
2.
(a) An invited guest, a guest at a feast or other meal; a stranger or traveller entertained in one's home; taken to ~, to take (sb.) as a guest, entertain (sb.); (b) a paying guest, a guest at an inn or lodging house; (c) hostes man, servant to the guests; (d) a vassal or dependent.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)6532 : Make þine ostes gamen & gle.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.3357 : Hou he [Lichaon]..Hise hostes slouh and..made her bodies to ben ete.
- a1400 Pep.Gosp.(Pep 2498)62/6,12 : Þo tauȝth Jesus his hostes [L invitatos] þat, whan hij weren ybeden to festes, þat hij ne schulden nouȝth chesen þe heiȝest seetes..þan seide on of his hostes [L quidam de simul discumbentibus].
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)253/13,28 : He prayed þaim..be his hostis & eate with hym..þer was a halie man þat tuke me to hoste & refresshid me.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)684 : He made his hoste the beste chere that he myght, and..richely be serued at ese in a feire chambre where-ynne were two riche beddes.
b
- (1442) RParl.5.54b : That no man that holdeth commune Hostrie in any Citee or Burgh of this Roialme, be Custumer, Countrollour ne Sercheour, and that for to eschue the damages and hurtes that myght growe therof, be the favour that sucche commune Hostelers myght and wold do to Marchauntz and other her Hostes in here Offices..Grete Damages and losses dayly groweth unto You..be the favour that sucche Clerkes..sucche Hostryes, Tavernes and Wharves holdynge, doth to Marchauntz and to other her Hostes.
c
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1755 : A sturdy harlot..That was hir hostes man and baar a sak, And what men yaf hem leyde it on his bak.
d
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)189/31 : Noble men .. had leuyr lyue as lordis vpon thaire goodes than for to be logged vnthan[k]fully like as hostes [Fr. comme hostes] in othir mennys daunger.
3.
As surname.
Associated quotations
- (1254) in Thuresson ME Occup.Terms90 : Elias le host.
- (1297) Sub.R.Yks.in YASRS 16134 : Simon Host.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (1479) Doc.in HMC Rep.5 App.489 : [If any stranger shall be in debt to any Combaron..no new] oost [shall] make ffisshe [for him].
Note: Add to 1.(c)--per SMK