Middle English Dictionary Entry
hōpen v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | hōpen v.(1) Also hopie(n, hopiȝe, hoppen, houpen, houppen. P. hōpede, hōpd, hōpe & (error) heped. |
Etymology | OE hopian |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To hope, take hope, maintain hope; hope for (sth.); hope (to do sth.); hope (that sth. is the case); ~ after (to), hope for (sth.); (b) to have trust, have confidence; assume (sth.) confidently, presume; trust (that sth. is the case); trust (to have sth.); ~ in (on, to), rely on (sb. or sth.), put one's trust in; ~ upon, rely on (sb.); (c) to wish for (sth.), desire.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)17936 : Ne hope þu to ræde of heom þat liggeð dede.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)221/28 : Ich hopie þet hit schal beon ow..swiðe biheue.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)529-31 : He remeð..hopeð he sal ðurg helpe risen; ðanne cumeð ðer on gangande; hopeð he sal him don ut standen.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)1394 : Ston he dude lede Þer he hopede spede; Strong castel he let sette.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)82-3 : He hopede come to þat gesninge. Wel he hopede..His lemman sen in þe halle.
- c1300 SLeg.Judas (Hrl 2277)34 : Heo..hopede of him to habbe an heire.
- a1350 Ich herdemen (Hrl 2253)14 : Luþer is to leosen þer-ase lutel ys, & haueþ monei hynen þat hopieþ þer-to.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)89/3 : Þet is þe gratteste noblesse..þet me may to hopye.
- a1350 SLeg.Brendan (Ashm 43)492 : Þe deuelen hopede wel of ous habbe iheued a good cas..hi caste ambes as.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2550 : Mani hard hape han þei a-schapet, & so i hope þei schal ȝit.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.160 : To hope it were..That god his grace wolde sende To make of thilke werre an ende.
- a1400 Cato(3) (Frf 14)203 : Quen þou art atte disese hope ofter better ese, and conforte þe squa.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)15.592 : Þo wrecches..hopen þat he be to come þat shal hem releue.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4399 : Nat cowardly his corage to submitte..but hopen al-wey wel.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.4.16 : Hope aftir no thyng, ne drede nat.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.2.143 : Ryght as thise leches ben wont to hopin of sike folk, whan thei aperceyven that nature..withstondeth to the maladye.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1.38 : These ilke lovers..That hopen over-muche or dreden.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.60 : Ne ioye þou noght of worldly wilfulnesse..Ne hope þou noght þat transetorie es.
- c1450 Comp.Hope (Frf 16)120 : Hope in, hope out! thus kane ye foles fede!
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)208/6 : It is to drede that he ne falle in-to dome of dampnacion whyl he hopez mercy.
- c1460 Awake lordes (Dub 432)23 : For þei hopen and tristen to here of a day, To se þe rose and þe lioun brought to a bay.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)64b : To hope:..sperare.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)28/1 : Ða ilyfde þe kyng þæs Hælendes spæce, & wende him hamweard, & hopode to þam.
- a1200 PMor.(Trin-C B.14.52)31 : Ne hopie [Lamb: lipnie; McC: truste] wif to hire were ne were to his wiue.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1145 : Hefde he, lanhure, him seoluen aleset, sum walde hopien & habben bileaue to his alesunge.
- ?c1250 Ar ne kuthe (Gldh)27 : Ne hope [F afie] non to his liue, her ne mai he biliue.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9337 : Hopieþ al on god & eke on ȝoure riȝte, & nimeþ þe wreche of ȝoure fon.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)126/340 : Ich hopye he nele nauȝt let ous spylle.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)51.7 : [B]vt he hoped in þe multitude of his riches, and he was michel worþ in his vanite.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Prov.25.19 : A roten toth, and a foot sliden, that hopith vpon the vnfeithful in the dai of anguysh.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.874 : But yet I hope it be nat youre entente That I smoklees out of youre paleys wente.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20807 : Es nan þat..a-pon hir calles, Iþenli and hopes welle, Þat þai ne sal hir helpes fele.
- ?a1425 Chaucer TC (Hrl 3943)1.83 : Þei..Dede hym worship and servise, hopyng in hym [Corp-C: In trust that he hath] kunnyng hem to rede.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)245 : Hopyn or trustyn: spero.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)222/24 : He that hopez or trastez in ryches..he failez..in his hope.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)119b/a : Y hope þoruȝ þe grace of god..þat þei may suffise at þis tyme.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)127b/b : Wisely hopinge in god & in kynde & in good gouernaile & couenable medicyne þat þe wounde be kept fro þe eir.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)71/22 : She..cried in the Same maner, and hopid to an olde prophesy that Merlynge sayde.
c
- c1225 St.Marg.(1) (Roy 17.A.27)13/24 : Lauerd, in þe is al þat ich hopie.
- a1250 Orison Lord (Lamb 487)183 : Ihesu swete..þu al þet ic hopie.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.4.189 : I am accused to han hoped the fredom of Rome.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)196 : What other fredom mai men hopen?
2.
(a) To think (sth., that sth. is the case), believe, infer, suppose; think (to do sth.); (b) to expect (sth.), fear; expect (to do sth., that sth. will be done); ~ after (to), look for (sth.), expect.
Associated quotations
a
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1810 : For hunger, i hope, harm schul we neuer.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2419 : To do holli as ȝe han seide i hope be þe best.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)1993 : Wele he hoped his hert within Þat it was for his fader syn.
- c1390 Cato(1) (Vrn)207 : Spene þi good mesurabliche..And hope alle þinges þat þou hast Awey mihte falle from þe.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Abp.& N.(Phys-E)p.90 : For ic es werr man than ye hop.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7494 : To dauid said saul þe king, 'I hope þartil þou be ful ying.'
- a1400 Ancr.Recl.(Pep 2498)155/9 : For may he brynge a man in to wanhope, þat he hope þat he nys nouȝth worþi to haue þe mercy of god.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.55 : 'Þan hopes þou,' said þe erle, 'þat for me was he dede?'
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)139-42 : I hoped þe water were a deuyse Bytwene myrþez by merez made; Byȝonde þe broke, by slente oþer slade, I hope þat mote merked wore.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)10.275 : Thyn hyre, hurde, as ich hope, hath nouht to quyty þy dette.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)140 : Half etayn in erde I hope þat he were.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)61 : Whan þe houndes hoppyn to sent þe best..smellyng of þe herbis takeþ moch from hem þe sent of the beest.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1675 : Þe ermyte saw..A naked man bow bare. He hoped he was wode þat tide.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)245 : Hopyn..or soposyn: Estimo.
- c1440 Gaytr.LFCatech.(Thrn)12/17 : Noblaye þat he ouþer haues..or he hopes þat he haues mare þan anothire.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)283 : Thouȝ the eende of indwelling hadde not be expressid but hadde oonli be entendid and hopid withoute expressioun.
- a1450(?1348) Rolle FLiving (Cmb Dd.5.64)102/189 : I hope þat God has na perfyte servand in erth withouten ennemyes.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2292 : Now hoope ye not, hynde fader, ne in hert thinke That I carpe thus for cowardys.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)299/12 : Hope ye so that I may ony whyle stonde a preved knyght?
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.B.1815 : Couetise..ruleth many reawmes..as somme men hoope.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)64b : To hope: coniecturare..suspicari.
- a1500(?c1400) EToulouse (Cmb Ff.2.38)815 : Be þat dreme he hopyd þan Hys lady was in woo.
- a1500 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)p.80 : And yat pilat instode for cristis delyvring Is hoped..haf bene the dyvles stiring.
b
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)1413 : Wele he hoped þat he suld tyne All þat war with him in pyne.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4029 : Oure maunciple I hope he wol be deed, Swa werkes ay the wanges in his heed.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)6967 : He yn þe feuer lay, And to þe deþe he hoped weyl.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)734 : In his auen schap To sped he hopd haue na hap.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)6.122 : Þoruȝ þe helpe of hem, hope þou non oþer, Þou miȝt gete grace.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)17.267 : For [þei] þat ben vnkynde to his, hope I none other, But þei dwelle þere diues is.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)892 : Þan had Sir Ywain mekyl drede, For he hoped noght to spede.
- c1425 *Wycl.Concord.(Roy 17.B.1)86b : Leene ȝe hopyng no þing þeroff.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)731 : Now i houppe þat þou will dele Strokes appon hyghte.
- a1450 SLeg.Suppl.Bod.(Bod 779)347/45 : Wel me myȝte hopye to habben good endinge, whan he cristened his fadir in his byginnynge.
- c1450(c1353) Winner & W.(Add 31042)290 : Rayse vp thi rent-howses..Owthere hafe as þou haste done, and hope aftir werse.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2439 : Howpe ȝe not hertely, þat þis hegh goddes Will faithly fulfille þaire forward to ende?
- c1450(?a1400) Quatref.Love (Add 31042)250 : Vs commes som bodworde, I hope it be badde.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)218/20 : That thynge that is do [for] men is spillyde, that is hopede no profyte of bot wrechednes.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)3403 : I hope, as I haue sell, We shall hym neuer see!
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)129/425 : I hope thay wyll nott be well payde when thay thare shepe lak.
3.
(a) Theol. To have the virtue of Hope; hope for (salvation, mercy), trust in (God's word); trust (that one will be saved, etc.); hope (to gain salvation); ~ in (to), trust in (God, God's goodness, God's name, God's word); ~ for (of, to), hope for (grace, salvation, etc.); (b) ~ to God, to trust sincerely, hope sincerely.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)50/7 : Þe hiht is þæt mon hopiȝe to þam ecen life.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)29/32 : Hier after cumþ an oðer hali mihte ðe is icleped firma spes..All ðat hire suster, ðe rihte ȝeleaue, hire seiȝeð, all hie hit fastliche hopeð.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)42/17,19 : Ha mei hopien..þet hwen ha spekeð toward godd þet he hire ihere; ha mei ec hopien þet ha schal singen þurh hire silence sweteliche in heouene.
- c1300 SLeg.Theoph.(LdMisc 108)95-7 : Hou miȝte ich hopie of grace..god is so riȝtful þat to him ne hopie ich nouȝt þere-fore.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)590 : Þe Maydenes hare lampes diȝte..And ffor hare goedhede hopede to habbe mede.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)465 : For alone to hope widoute goddede Is ydel hope.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)7.1 : Lord, my God, ich hoped in þe.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.36.3 : Hope in the Lord and do goodnesse.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.94 : Holy chirche yet hopeth his sauacioun by the grete mercy of oure lord.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)30.24 : Þou fulmade hopand in þe In sight of sones of men to be.
- a1400 Rolle Encom.Jesu (Hrl 1022)186 : Oyle þat es taken for ay-lastande saluacion is hopyd.
- a1425(c1340) Rolle Psalter (LdMisc 286)26.6 : In that batail i shal hope in my lord: that is, i hope the victory thoro his help & ioy with outen end.
- a1425(a1396) Maidstone PPs. (Wht)797 : But euere we hope to þi goodnesse.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.113 : Þis gospel telliþ a myracle of Crist to stire men to hope mercy.
- c1425(c1400) Primer (Cmb Dd.11.82)p.81 : Y hopide in þi wordis.
- c1425 *Wycl.Concord.(Roy 17.B.1)72b : Heþene men shulen hope in his name.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1158 : Serues ȝor god in drede, Hopand of hym to haue ȝor mede.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)363 : We hopen have þe lif þat come schal heraftur.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)21.3 : In the hoped oure faders; thai hoped and thou delyuered thaim.
- a1525 Conq.Irel.(Dub 592)78/11 : He made fayr semblant & heped [Rwl: trystid] to god.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)432 : Þat he is kome of god kin to crist y hope.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1097 : I hope to heuene king mi help schal nouȝt fayle.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1651 : Forwardes þat i haue fest ful wel schal i hold, I hope to þe heiȝh king þat al heuen weldes.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.3.208 : What scholde any wight hopen to God?
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)120b/b : Y hope to god þe doctrines bifore rehersid suffisiþ ynowȝ in þis cause.