Middle English Dictionary Entry
hōld n.(2)
Entry Info
Forms | hōld n.(2) Also hald, halt, holt, holð. |
Etymology | OE; cp. WS ge)heald; A ge)hald & gehæld. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Grasp, grip; fig. taken ~, of prophecies: to make an impression (on someone's heart); haven ~, of diseases: afflict someone; (b) that which may be held or grasped or gripped; the hilt or handle of a knife; also fig. a cause or pretext; cacchen ~, to find a reason (to do sth.); (c) that which links or fastens.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9350 : It tok neuer in þer hertes hald.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)15.133 : My Modir hadde An Infirmite..That theke tyme xix Monthes hadde holde.
- a1450 St.Etheldr.(Fst B.3)1050 : With þe hoke y cauȝt in hurre clothus gode holde at þe last.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)75b/a : But if it be so þat þou mowe not haue sad hold þeron wiþ þin hondis, þanne þou schalt taken a peire tongis of yren..or ellis bynde þe two stelis of þe same tenaclis faste togideris wiþ a strong þwong so þat þei lose not þeir hold.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)2867 : Whyll Gye had hys wepon in holde, He slewe many sarasyns bolde.
b
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24451 : To climb had i na hald.
- (1415) Reg.Chichele in Cant.Yk.S.42 (Lamb 69)47 : Item, a pair of kervynge knyves iiij in a sheth, þe haltes of get harneised with silver.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1440 : Qua sa leddirs had nane..Wald gett þam hald with þar hend & onloft clyme.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)5/28 : Sche had swech gouernauns in hir dedis and swech moderacion in hir wordes þat he coude neuyr cacch no hold to be wroth with hir in all his lyf.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)64a/b : But loke þat þou be well war þat þi sticchis haue good hold, as at þe leeste half ynche or more.
c
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)165a/b : And if it [an almost severed nose] cleue stille or holde stille, or it holdiþ sufficiently þat it mai make norischinge or ellis so litil þat it may not; And þerfore if it haue to litil hold, kutte it aweie and cicatrice þe wounde.
2.
(a) Possession, keeping, control, rule; in ~, in (someone's) possession, under (one's) control; also fig.; haven in ~, to possess (sth.), rule or control (sth.); also fig.; (b) property, land; a feudal holding; chartre ~, ferme ~, q.v.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330 St.Greg.(Auch)59/204 : Hir tounes wer take in hir hold.
- c1390 Marie Mayden (Vrn)34 : In hond þou haddest & heold vr hele, Þorw him þat hadde heiȝ heuene in holde.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4064 : She hath the herte in hoold Of Chauntecleer, loken in euery lith.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.599 : Al myn herte I yaf vnto his hoold.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.167 : This..swerd..failleth nat whiles it is in youre hold.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24267 : Mi scep ar funden to þe fald, To-quils þe wolf held in his hald.
- a1400 For foule lustes (Hrl 7322)p.269 : The Lost says: Helle me hath in holt in ruyde.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1252 : Hit ar ladyes innoȝe þat leuer wer nowþe Haf þe, hende, in hor holde, as I þe habbe here.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)401 : She had nothing hirsilf to lede, Ne wit ne pithe in hir hold, More than a child of two yeer old.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4944 : He may..Demande of hem that now arn olde, That whilom Youthe hadde in holde.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5843 : Ne yit is he not thryven so That he hath geten a peny or two, That quytly is his owne in hold.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)148 : Saued men schulen haue joie and gladnes vpon þe sure perpetual hold of alle her forseid joies.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)4289 : Þer is no þing within oure holde, But it shal be at your comandement.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)68 : All yreland rewme was in hys halde.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)2 : God, that ys worthy and Bold, Heuen and Erthe haue In hold, Fyld, watyr and wynde.
- c1550(?a1475) Otterburn (Cleo C.4)20 : We have all welth in holde.
b
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1772 : Yuel ist bi-togen, Min swinc a-buten ðin holðe drogen.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.34/31 : We..commaunde þat þe forsaide church and Chanons þe forsaide holdes [L tenaturas] have and holde.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.70/10 : That euery ȝere þe same chanons pay dj. a marke of Siluer for that same tenure or holde where we shall commaunde.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)177/22 : Adam..grauntyd þe yfte þat Raf..made..of all þe londe of þe holde in Cnolle.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.520 : The bagge shall arise lightly and goo And sowke mennes kyne in euery holde.
3.
(a) A kingdom; a domain; hevenli ~, the heavenly kingdom; (b) a fortified town or a city, a stronghold, a castle; also fig.; (c) a house, residence, dwelling place; also fig.; hous ne ~, house nor home; treu in ~, faithful in the household, loyal; (d) the nest of an ant; the lair of an animal; place occupied by a thing; (e) a zodiacal sign as the house or temporary seat of a planet; (f) a place of refuge, a haven.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)991 : Bi al markes hald, Þe truwage was tan.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1597 : Þou..hatz a haþel in þy holde..Þat hatz þe gostes of God þat gyes all soþes.
- c1440 ?Lydg.Charters (Add 14848)218 : That by his prayers and mercyful pyte I may be partable in that hevenly holde, wher among martyrs he wereth a crowne of gold.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)299 : Þer com aschip of norway To sir rohandes hold.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)5472 : William..rides þurth þempire of rome..to alle solempne cites & semliche holdes.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)53 : Þe kyngdom of Alysandre was al his; & fro babyloyne, þat holde, Riȝt in to þe rede see, lord was he and syre.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)410 : Þei han geten þat holt for certeyn soþe.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.507 : Vnder an hoold [vr. holte]..Fer in Northumberland, the wawe hir caste.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)7015 : Ihesu..Shewed to Troyle þys tokenyng How he hadde lore a ryche holde, And for auaryce he hyt solde.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)771 : Þat holde on þat on syde þe haþel auysed, As hit schemered and schon þurȝ þe schyre okez.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)170 : On þe drawbrig saw I stand A knight..Þis ilk knight..Was lord and keper of þat halde.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) Pref.Jer.(Corp-O 4)p.63 : The armes of our kniȝhode ben not fleishli, but myȝti thoruȝ God to the distruccoun of holdis [L munitionum].
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)23582 : To him he ceisede alle þe cites And alle þe haldes and þe contres.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)2005 : The geant stode in his holde.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)54b : By pees takynge and marchaundise makyng, þey þat ben in holdes and strengþes take lasse hede of hir warde keping.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)4783 : Robbet was þis ronke hold & ryuyn to ground.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)468 : Þam thoghte þat alle þe byggynge brake, þat was with In þat holde.
- c1450 Royal SSecr.(Roy 18.A.7)37/40 : And if þou assayle castelle or towne, loke that..by any wey that thou mayst bireve hem her water, for that is the most confusioun in any holde.
- (1461) Paston (Gairdner)3.312 : All the castelles and holdes in South Wales, and in North Wales, ar gyfen and yelden up into the Kynges hand.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)26/23 : The castell of Bedgrayne was an holde of kynge Arthurs.
- a1475 Gawain & CC (Brog 2.1)186 : We beseche þe lorde of herbory, The good lorde of þis holde.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)2091 : He..Ryved vp in Portingale At another hold.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)119 : Hee sought too a citie..Larissea hyght þat holde.
c
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)645 : To tristrem trewe in hold, He hete he wold him bring.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2807-9 : Þe geaunt him gan lede Til he fond an hald; Þe water about ȝede, It was his eldren hald.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)262/36 : Þe Emperour, heold hym in hold, in gret honour.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.3024 : Thus cam Yris into this hold.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1607 : Ne haue I nat xij pens with inne myn hoold [vr. houshold].
- c1405 Chaucer CT.Mch.(Elsm)E.1305 : If thou take a wyf vn-to thyn hoold, fful lightly maystow been a Cokewold.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6937 : Sathan..Ful sotilly kan hym silfe include In ymagis, for to make his hold.
- c1440-a1500 Eglam.(Schleich)183 : Þe erle..Laye in a holde of stane.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.Mum.London (Trin-C R.3.20)44 : Þat oþer syde of þat hoolde Is ebylt in ougly wyse.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)4148 : Kepe the..From alle the pereils in that holde.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)2.731 : The god of kynde A myddes this well [the Virgin Mary]..His loogyng toke, and his myghty holde.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)806 : It was wynter and wedir calde, Þai had ȝitt nouthir house no halde.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Pseudo-F.(Dub 245)321 : It is al oon to see bildyngis of þise newe ordris, & to see a fendis holde.
d
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.452 : The moiste fleume with his cold Hath in the lunges for his hold Ordeined him a propre stede.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22873 : Quat man in erth mai thinc in thoght Hu al þis werld ur lauerd wroght, Heuen and erth al in þair haldes!
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.86 : The ampte..In somer..to-forne astored hath hir holde.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)97 : Þay held him [the boar] fast in his hold.
e
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1062 : Cancer..is the propre hous and hold Which appartieneth to the Mone.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.2380 : Tytan..drof his chare of gold Toward þe Crabbe for to take his holde.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5070 : Appollo passid was þe holde Of þe signe þat we calle Aquarie.
f
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3861 : He..al his men slowen þat heo neh comen buten wuhlc wræcche swa cwic cuahte to holde.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)2134 : The foo peraventure is ferde and fled Into sum holde.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)542 : Hy ryuede yn a wel good hold.
4.
(a) Imprisonment, confinement; captivity; bringen (don, putten, taken) in ~, to imprison (sb.); (b) safekeeping; (c) a place of imprisonment, jail, prison.
Associated quotations
a
- a1350(1307) Execution Fraser (Hrl 2253)132 : A waiour he made..Ys heued of to smhyte Ȝef me him brohte in hold.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)4573 : Þis comli quen, þurth ȝone kniȝtes dedes, haþ vs alle in hold.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1026 : Now buþ myn barouns wyȝt fro me y-take in hold.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2213 : For we told it noȝt at is lekyng, he pot ous her in holde.
- c1390 11 Pains(3) (Vrn)257/219 : So mony soules þer weore in hold, Vchon on oþur, as schep in fold.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2745 : This false knyht in his degree Arested was and put in hold.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)10605 : Þo men þat had þys man yn holde, Þys wundyr to þe erle þey tolde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17320 : Þair Iailers to þaim þai cald And bad þam do him up at hald.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.120 : At þe last kyng Steuen scho toke & led him to Bristow & did him þer in hold.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3964 : I am so bounde..þat I may nat fle, In hold distreyned and captiuite.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)2857 : Sho hyr talde How sho was taken and done in halde.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)3190 : Þan war bath þa devils ful balde when þe lioun was in halde.
- a1425 Cursor (Glb E.9)28905 : When þou sese any haue hunger or calde, Or with enmys halden in halde..Aw þe first do þine almus till.
- c1425 Bible SNT(1) (Cmb Dd.12.39)Deeds 4.4 : Þei..layden hondes vpon hem ande putte hem in holde vnto þo toþer daye.
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)33 : Þe holy mayde..was kept in holde.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)583 : We were taken in to holde.
- c1450(c1425) Brut-1419 (Cmb Kk.1.12)352/15 : Sir Iohn Cobham & Ser Iohn Cheyny..he arestid..& anon þei were put ynto holde.
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)66.9 (v.2:p.3) : Calocerus .. was for Cristis sake enprisoned ..; blissid Marcianus for the seid cause was .. putte in holde.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)298/154 : He shalbe here full hard in hold, bot loke he pas not, I the pray.
- c1525 Rule & T.St.Francis(2) (Fst D.4)565 : That custos..ys bounde..to kepe hym surely and strongly as a man in holde and in bondis as a prysoner.
b
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)5078 : Sche polte hem [the relics] on þe schryn & bar hem vp an holde, And þan sche turnd aȝe..Y-cloþed in golde.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.260 : With-Inne an Ile enclosed was a Ram..it was kepte in holde..That no man myȝt ther-to doon offence.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5894 : Tonaunte..to Anthenor haþ sold þe riche relik þat he had in hold, Palladioun.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6877 : I wole not hide in hold No pryvete that me is told, That I by word or signe, ywis, Nil make hem knowe what it is.
c
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 22.4 : I..folower..of the lawe..The whiche I pursuede this wey til to the deeth, byndinge to gidere and drawinge into holdis men and wymmen.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17321 : Þair Iailers to þaim þai cald And bad þam do him..In a hald in prisun state.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.121 : Steuen out of þat hold quaintly skaped oute.
- a1425(a1349) Rolle MPass.(2) (Upps C.494)41/7 : Swete Ihesu I ȝelde þe þankinge..of al þe holdes and prisons þat þei helde þe In.
- (1425) RParl.4.292b : Diverses persones..haven ben arrettyd, and..commyttyd..to the Toure of London, and..to other Castels and holdes in the Rewme.
5.
Restraint; kepen in ~, to restrain (an expression of sorrow or weeping).
Associated quotations
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)40/3 : Þear is meast neod hald [Nero: hold] hwen þe tunge is o rune.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)9244 : There was noo hold but to go.
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)1741 : He wepte and seide, 'allas' euermore; He might it noo lenger kepe in holde.
6.
(a) Support; assistance; help and ~; (b) that which keeps something from falling; a source of support, protection, or security; hope and ~.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)5026 : Forr all þin hellpe & all þin hald Iss uppo Godess are.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)13380 : All þatt wannteþþ Cristess hald, All sinnkeþþ inntill helle.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10009 : Þas er four vertus principals þe quilk man clepes cardinals; All oþer vertus o þam has hald.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24203 : Losin i haf al help and hald; Care clinges in mi hert cald.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)257 : At þir men es ful litell halde [vr. helpe or halde].
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)282 : [Jesus] ȝeueth hem..the strengest hold and comfort that thay myȝt haue.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)1988 : Helpe and hold I shall hym yeve And receyve hym as my son.
- a1500(a1450) St.Robt.Knares.(Eg 3143)464 : Tway hors, tway oxen, I the gyffe, Helpe and hald here whyle I lyffe.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Inf.Chr.(LdMisc 108)652 : And to þe folk of þe cite he tolde Hov Jesues picher with outen holde Hangude on þe sonne bem riȝht.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)23929 : Leuedi..þat es nu mi hope, be þan mi hald Ogain þat brem þat es sa bald!
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24095 : Allan he [Jesus] was mi hope and hald..my lijf al in him hang.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)25437 : Þou þat es crist and godd an-fald, Lauerd, be vr hope and hald.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)5413 : Vte-take þe land of þat lede þat was taght preistes forto fede, To kepe þaim selue for þair hald [Trin-C: holde; Vsp, Frf: hade].
7.
In surnames and place names [see Smith PNElem. 1.222].
Associated quotations
- (1309) Sub.R.Bdf.in Suf.GB 1865 : Robertus Holdeward.
- (1313) Sub.R.Bristol(1) in BGAS 19236 : Willielmus atte holdehalle.
- (1325) Cart.St.John in OHS 68178 : Willelmus Attholde.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)7112 : Þare lay a saint in durham halde.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.134/32 : Þe which acre lieth in the telth the which is i-callid Doddendenes Holde.