Middle English Dictionary Entry
hīne n.
Entry Info
| Forms | hīne n. Also hin(ne, ine, hina, hien, hein(e, haine, hen(e, (?errors) hind(e, hive. Pl. hīnen, hignen, hiȝnen & hīne & hīnes, (?error) hyȝez. |
| Etymology | OE; cp. A hīgan, -en, -o, hīgna, hīna & Merc. K hīona, *hēona, pl. members of a household; corresp. to WS hīwan. ME reflexes of Anglian forms are common in formerly WS areas. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. heue n.(1).
1.
(a) A household, servants collectively; (b) a religious familia, monastic community; -- only in place names [see Smith PNElem. 1.247].
Associated quotations
a
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)51 : He [God] let hise wiðerfulle hine, þo ben deules on helle, bringen on þe kinges heorte of babilonie þat he sholde fare to þe burh of ierusalem.
- a1300 Trin-C.Prov.(Trin-C O.2.45)5 : Hering hom com, hine [L famuli] weope; hi wende for þe fische þat hi scholde faste.
b
- (c1155) EPNSoc.13 (War.)69 : Hinewudesheth.
- (1180) EPNSoc.4 (Wor.)132 : Hynewike.
- (1181) EPNSoc.4 (Wor.)132 : Henewic.
- (1193) EPNSoc.6 (Sus.)193 : Hyen.
- (1205) EPNSoc.16 (Wil.)286 : Hinneton.
- (1221) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.)2 : Henehout.
- (1239) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.)2 : Hyneholt.
- (1249) EPNSoc.8 (Dev.)146 : Suhtynedon.
- (1249) EPNSoc.16 (Wil.)191 : Hendon.
- (1268) EPNSoc.16 (Wil.)191 : Hynedon.
- (a1300) EPNSoc.4 (Wor.)132 : Hyndewyke.
- (1330) EPNSoc.8 (Dev.)146 : Hynedon.
- (1333) EPNSoc.8 (Dev.)146 : Hynadon.
- (1335) EPNSoc.13 (War.)69 : Henewode.
- (1349) EPNSoc.6 (Sus.)193 : Heyn.
- (1411) EPNSoc.16 (Wil.)191 : Hyndoun.
- (1428) EPNSoc.6 (Sus.)193 : Hayne.
- (1475) EPNSoc.12 (Ess.)2 : Hennold.
2.
(a) A servant, member of a household [see also in ~, ouen ~]; also fig.; (b) a farm laborer, herdsman, shepherd, etc.; also fig.; (c) heme and ~, see heme n.; hous and hinen, house and family; in ~, into servitude; of treu ~, of a true servant, in faithful service; holden for ~, to consider (sb.) worthless; (d) ~ folk, hines kin, servants; ~ hous, ?a house for servants.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)4/33 : Nulleþ þine hinen cloþes þe sen[den], For heom þuncheþ al to lut, þet þu heom bilefdest.
- c1225 Wor.Bod.Gloss.(Hat 76)24 : Hiwum: hinen.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)26/416 : Vnder monnes help þu schalt..mare beon idrechet þen ei driuel i þe hus oþer ei ihuret hine.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)2/14 : Tah walde al hire hird folhin hire ouer al, gef wit ne forbude ham, for alle hit beoð untohene & rechelese hinen.
- ?a1300 Sayings St.Bede (Dgb 86)326 : God seyþ, 'Ȝu se mine Povere ounhole hine Þat to oure dore come..Þer-of ne nome ȝe gome.'
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)384/260 : I-nam nouȝht god, ase some weneth, ake ich am is hine And he me hath hidere i-sent to bringue eou fram helle pine.
- c1300 SLeg.Kath.(Hrl 2277)62 : If þanne þi bodi maister is, & þi soule his hyne, Aȝe cunde þanne hit is & þu worst þerfore in helle pyne.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)620 : Louerd, we aren boþe þine, Þine cherles, þine hine.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)125/124 : Tweie costres wiþ wine Sende a-day sein Benet bi on of is hine.
- a1325 SLeg.Blase (Corp-C 145)64 : For hi and wo so on hom biluueþ ssolleþ in helle pine Itormented be ene and euere, þe louerd & eke þe hine.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)5730 : Þow most al-so belyue thus þat..he a-ros þe þridde day And to helle tok þo þe way And delyuerede þar is hyne.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.688 : He hath slayn this yer..Bothe man and womman, child and hyne and page.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)118.65 : Godenes dide þou with þi hine [L servo], Lauerd, after worde þine.
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)p.74 : Fowre hynen [vr. seruauntes] stalworthe.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.149 : And as an hyne þat hadde his hyre ar he bygonne.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1211 : He gef vus to be his homly hyne Ande precious perlez vnto his pay.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)170/506 : And at þe last come at his call Ane of his hine, hight Beliall.
- a1425 PPl.C (Cmb Ff 5.35)5.58 : Hynus [vrr. hynnus, hinene; Hnt: He menteyneþ hus men to morthre myn hewes].
- c1440(?a1400) St.John (Thrn)230 : And to the hally þay heledide, bathe he and his hyne.
- a1450 SLeg.Fran.(2) (Bod 779)531 : Ȝif þou art cristus hyne, þou most gon to chapetere & take þin dyssiplyne.
- c1450 Wimbledon Serm.(Hat 57)26/5 : He takiþ to smyte seruantys and hynen of god.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4361 : Þis I rekyn bot schorte aray To ȝow and all ȝour hyne.
- (c1456) Pecock Faith (Trin-C B.14.45)291 : This maner of feith..is of noon other kinde but as is the credence..ech housholder may make to hise ȝonge children, and to hise rude and symple hynes.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)186 : An Hyne, vbi A servande.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)216/387 : Petrus. lord, shuld thou wesh feytt myne? thou art my lord, and I thy hyne.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)368 : We habbeð seoue þusunð of gode cnihten wið outen..children & hinen þa ure nete sculen ȝemen.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)40/687 : Ich chulle halde me hal þurh þe grace of godd, as cunde me makede, þet paraise selhðe underuo me, al swuch, as weren, ear ha agulten, his eareste hinen.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)238 : Of hynen [vr. hyne] he him by-sey And sende to þo eorþ-tylyers þat ffrut to vnderffonge.
- c1350 Of alle þe witti (Add 45896)36 : Þen putt y op my portours and passe to my ploutȝ to sen a syst of myn sed þat myn hygnen su.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))John 10.12 : Hyred hyne, and that is not schepherde, whos ben not the scheep his owne, seeth a wolf comynge, and he leeueth, or forsaketh, the scheep.
- (1386) Will Durham in Sur.Soc.241 : Custodes animalium meorum, videlicet Hyne, Nethirdes, et Shiphirdes.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.603 : Ther nas baillif ne hierde ne oother hyne [vr. hynd] That he ne knew his sleighte and his couyne.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)67 : I haf ȝerned and ȝat ȝokkez of oxen, And for my hyȝez hem boȝt, to bowe haf I mester.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)505 : Of tyme of ȝere þe terme watz tyȝt; To labor vyne watz dere þe date; Þat date of ȝere wel knawe þys hyne.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.140 : He is an hyred hyne, and þe sheep perteynen not to him.
- a1456(a1426) Lydg.Mum.Hertford (Trin-C R.3.20)25 : Lyke as þeos hynes, here stonding oon by oon, He may with hem vpon þe daunce goon.
- (1444) RParl.5.112b : Of a chief Hyne, a Carter, a chief Shepherd xx s. and clothyng prys of iiii s. with mete and drynk: A commune Servaunt of Husbondrye xv s.
- (1451) Lin.DDoc.51/27 : And I will my scheperd hafe vj wedyr hogges; & my Swynnard iiij Swynne..& I will Ilkon of my hynes of mannes Age haf a quye or a strike.
- (1454) Will York in Sur.Soc.30175 : I witt everee grome and hyen iij s. iiij d.
- c1425 Wycl.Antichr.(2) (Dub 245)p.cxxxviii : Þei wolen..plucken a wey þe wolle as non herdis but as hired hynes wayten her owne auauntage.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)418 : Þanne þay faylen of gode herdis, and ben hirid hynes or woluys, and þe puple shulde crye out on siche.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)121/147 : Crystys curs, my knaue, thou art a ledyr hyne.
c
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)6/57 : Ha..deð hire into drechunge to dihten hus & hinen.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)12/150 : Ha is us swiðe godd freond & help of treowe hine.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1115 : Vor children, gromes, heme & hine, Hi þencheþ alle of þire pine.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)104.16 : He sent bifore þam bierne [L virum] to be; In hine salde Ioseph es he [L in servum venundatus est Joseph].
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)4.104 : Rede me not..no reuþe to haue Til..harlotis holynesse be holde for an hyne [vr. heþyng].
- a1450 ?Audelay An a byrchyn bonke (Dc 302)222/123 : Me þoȝt hit a hede þenke at husbondus to hene; Fore þat was I hatyd with heme and with hyne [rime: myne].
d
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3655 : Here hine-folc..gerneden after oðer mete; Of manna he ben for-hirked to eten.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3776 : Alle he sunken ðe erðe wið-in, Wið wifes and childre and hines-kin.
- (1350) in Löfvenberg Contrib.Lex.94 : Le Hyvehous [read: hynehous].
3.
A man, person, fellow; -- often used contemptuously.
Associated quotations
- a1350 Ich herdemen (Hrl 2253)14 : Luþer is to leosen þer-ase lutel ys, & haueþ monie hynen þat hopieþ þer-to.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)244/85 : Nou was he a wonder hine; awei wi nadde he þo To douste ibrend al þe þeues þat þer ne come of hom namo?
- a1325 SLeg.Blase (Corp-C 145)155 : Viue & sixti proute hine [Ld: hynen] hupte in þe water anon, And triste to muche to hore godes & adreinte echon.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9919 : Þer was mani a wilde hine þat prest was þer to & wende in to þe gywerie & woundede & to drowe.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11198 : An vewe wilde hinen..wiþ axes þuder come & þat ȝat to hewe & to dasse þere.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)23/497 : Ȝif ȝe seþ schipes of painim londe, Selleþ to hem þis ilche hyne, Þat ȝe for no gode ne fine.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)13418 : For þer was ihesus, þat blessed hyne [Vsp: vr. drightin] & made ham of þaire water wine.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)23032 : Þei shul haue noon oþere pyne But siȝte of þat lithur hyne [Vsp: þe wiþer win].
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)23320 : Þe riȝtwis men shul se þo pynes Vp on oure lordes liþer hynes [Vsp: wiþerwines].
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)822 : Bot ȝet I wene þat þe wyf..sayde softely to hirself: 'þis un[s]avere hyne Lovez no salt in her sauce.'
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)19/32 : Þei nurischen wilde, sturdi, & laweles hiȝnen þat pursuen hem þat wollen ouȝt seie aȝens þis cursid synne.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)124/28 : He cumeþ anoon to þe chirche..Not for þe chirche, but for þe officeris; for þei be laweles hiȝnen.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)1728 : Þe knyght..says oft in his playe 'Thir were stoute hyne!'
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)1421 : Bot he [an angel] excused him, þat nobil heyn And saide his duellyng was ferr þeyn.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)2387 : Þai come samen to þat nobil hyne [St.Cuthbert] With half þe mydrid of a swyne.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)6482 : Þe kyng and bischop trumwyne Come with many othir hyne, With many men of religioune And othir men of grete renoune.
4.
As surname.
Associated quotations
- (1278) Pat.R.Edw.I267 : Richard le Hyne.
- (1286) Close R.Edw.I422 : Robert Hyne.
- (1297) Sub.R.Yks.in YASRS 167 : Laurencius Hine.
- (1313) Sub.R.Glo.(1) in BGAS 19248 : Johannes Hyne.
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 3218 : Willelmus le Hyne.
- (1328) Sub.R.Der.in Der.ANHSJ 3089 : Ric. le Hyne.
- (1332) Sub.R.Lan.in LCRS 31.255 : Willelmus le Hine.
- (1346) Feudal Aids 2288 : Robertus le Hyne.
- (1392) Court R.Hastings in Sus.RS 37119 : Wm.Hyne.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1350 Ne mai no lewed (Hrl 2253)40 : Hyrdmen hem [summoners] hatieþ, ant vch mones hyne, for eueruch a parosshe heo polkeþ in pyne, ant clastreþ wiþ heore colle.
Note: Quot. needed for date in sense 2.(a).
Note: Editor's glossary: "hyne n.: servant."
Note: The list of variant spellings in the form section may be incomplete and / or may need revision to accord with standards of later volumes of the MED.--all notes per MLL