Middle English Dictionary Entry
hī̆nder adj.(1)
Entry Info
| Forms | hī̆nder adj.(1) Also hindre, hindere, hindore, hinter, hynþur, hender. Forms: comp. hī̆nd(e)rere, hī̆nderǒur & hī̆nder(e; sup. hī̆nd(e)rest(e, ī̆nderest. |
| Etymology | Prob. from OE hinder adv. Often treated as though comp. of hī̆nde adj. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Lying or situated in the rear, back, posterior; also fig. unfortunate; (b) ~ part (parti), back part, rear; to the hinderere parti, backward; (c) as noun: the rear, the stern of a ship.
Associated quotations
a
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3707 : Now ne dar he noþyng drede Of þat hyndere falurede, þat comeþ after gon.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.622 : And euere he rood the hyndreste of oure route.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)81b/a : Lytargye, þat is, a posteme jbred in þe hyndir celle of þe heed.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)259b/b : Þe forþer lymes beþ more able and worcheþ more effectualliche þan þe hynder.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)290/2 : Wexingis þat ben clepid emeroidis..summe wexiþ in þe for side of þe ers & summe in þe hyndir side.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.16.13 : Forsothe here Y seiȝ the hynderere [vr. hyndere] thingis of him that siȝ me.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)51a/b : Posterior: hynderour.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3626 : One hyndire hurdace one highte helmede knyghtez.
- c1440 Treat.Prayer (Thrn)296 : Þay myghte..hafe happe and grace to come with þe hyndireste, And thus are thay worthy to ga with þe forthirmaste.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)71b : Falle on hem þat ben ynderest and weriest afeinted, or ellis on hem þat ben fer from her felauschip.
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)604/22 : Posterior: hy[n]derour.
- c1455 Spec.Miser.(Tak 32)362 : For whanne myn neyghebouris ferden ille, And thee more hyndere that they were, Thee more ioye was mee vntille.
- c1450(c1400) Emare (Clg A.2)654 : Her surkote þat was large and wyde, Ther-wyth her vysage she gan hyde, Wyth þe hynþur lappes.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)446 : The thre score knyghtes..kepte hem-self all-ther hinderest [F au deriere] for to diffende the other.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.424 : And eek the buttokes of hem that faren as it were the hyndre part [vrr. partie, eende] of a she ape in the fulle of the moone.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.428 : Of the hyndre [vrr. hyndere, hinder] part of hire buttokes it is ful horrible for to see.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)38b/a : Þe heed..is somdel narouȝ in þe hindir partie [L parte posteriori].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)62b/a : The hele is þe hyndir partye & þe neþire of þe foot.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)111/12 : If þat þe heed haue noon eminence bihynde, but þat þe hyndere [vr. hyndore] partie be pleyn.
- c1400 Bible SNT(1) (Selw 108 L.1)prol.13/5 : Þo seyde God..þou schalt y-sen þe hynder part of me, bote my face þou myȝt noȝt sen.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Deut.28.35 : The Lord smyte thee with the worste botche in the knees and in the hyndere partes of the leg [L in genibus et in suris].
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)71/37 : Ȝit at Costantynoble is the hynder partye of the heed, And the forpartie..is at Rome.
- c1425 *Wycl.Concord.(Roy 17.B.1)130b : Þe hynder part of þe schip brak.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)240 : Hyndyr parte [vr. party] of a beste: clunis.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)187/12 : In þe hynderparte of his head he fand ij privay een lurkand.
- ?a1450(1422) Lydg.SD (McC 182)57/16 : This manly man..made hem to picche here tentis endelonge þe stronde vpon þe hyndere parties of þe Ryuer.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)134/362 : Ther is one that is clepid epileusie, the which is a syknes of the hyndyrparte of the hede.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.29.58a : Þe beginninge of alle manere synne is pride; Þe bak and þe hynder partie of it is coueitise.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)4.431 : The hynder parte of the hedde [L occipitium] of a man..was smyten.
- ?a1475 PParv.(Win)222 : Hyndyr part [vr. party] off a schype: puppis.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)31b/a : And if sche wole, þoruȝ þe comaundement of þe ville or soule, drawen þe arme to þe hynderer partie, þanne þe vttere brawn is drawen togidere.
c
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3605 : And in þe hynter one heghte helmes and crestes, Hatches with haythen men hillyd ware thare vndyre.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)77.72 : And he smate his enmys in the hyndirere [L in posteriora].
2.
In cpds. & combs.: (a) ~ arsoun, the back part of a saddle; ~ castel, the elevated structure in the stern of a ship; ~ dore, backdoor; ~ gate, postern gate; ~ ward, rear guard; (b) ~ ende, rear end; ~ fot, hind foot; ~ leg, hind leg; ~ parties, hind quarters; ~ thinges, posterity.
Associated quotations
a
- (1405-10) in Sandahl ME Sea Terms 1193 : Pro rayles inde faciendis pro le hyndercastell bargie.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)70 : And þe hidre [read: hindre; F la porte d'arriere] door of þi kenel shuld alway be opyn by cause þat þe houndes may go with oute to play hem whan hem likeþ.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)681 : Þan fel þe portculis onone; Bytwyx him and his hinder arsown, Thorgh sadel and stede, it smate al down.
- a1425-a1500(?c1350) Libeaus (Kaluza)345 : His stiropes to-braste, And his hinder arsoun.
- a1425-a1500(?c1350) Libeaus (Kaluza)1226 : A swouȝ he fell adoun On his hinder arsoun [vr. hors cropoune].
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5850 : Fals-Semblant and Abstinaunce With all the folk of her bataille Shull at the hyndre gate assayle.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)60b : It happiþ þat an oost in goynge is assayled in þe forwarde, somtyme in þe hinderwarde, somtyme in þe sides.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)118b : Also in grete galeyes and oþre grete schippes of werre, þei haueþ for castel and hynder castelle & top castel & castelle at þe mydde mast, out of þe whiche wiþ cast & schot þei woundeþ & sleeþ hem þat ben bynethe.
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)604/24 : Postsellium: the hyndur assyoun of a sadyl.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (LdMisc 108)642 : So þat on is hindore fet An Otur þar cam gon.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)77.72 : He smote his enemys in þe hynder ende.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)144b/a : Þe hyndir feet of hem [bees] beþ lenger þan þe formere feet.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)149a/b : Locusta..haþ þat name..for he haþ longe legges..& here hinder legges beþ longer þan here furþere legges.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)292b/a : Phisiologus spekeþ of wolues and seiþ þat here vertue..is in þe brest and in þe clawes and in þe mouth, and leste in þe hynder parties [L posterioribus].
- a1400 Bevis (Eg 2862)168/3562 : Wiþ þe hinder [Auch: hint] fot he him smot.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)138/4 : Þe hors areride vpon hise two hyndere feet.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)58 : A rennyng hounde..shulde have..greet hynder legges and þe heghes streigh and not bowed.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)90 : If..a deer..sette his hyndere fete fer from þe forfete, it is a good tokyn.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)3 Kings 21.21 : The Lord seith these thingis, 'Lo..Y schal kitte awey thin hyndrere [vr. hyndere] thingis.'
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)7119 : The hors there-wyth, as God yaf grace, Wyth hys hynder-feete at hym lete flyen.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)84/10 : A man..hurte a tade, & when he had hurte hur, sho stude vp ayeyns hym on hur hynderfete.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)244/7 : Þer he fell in-to suche a flux, þat all his bowels ran oute att his hynderhend.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)301/6 : Þe monkis..bad hym go & ete þe hynder-end of þe ass as he had etyn þe for-end.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.36 : For pygges farsyd..Þo hender legges enoynt þou schalle.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)667 : The catte sterte upon the hynder-feet and grenned with his teth.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.32rb (2.3) : Þise synowes motiues begin at þe cerebre in þe hatrel, i. in þe hynner party of þe heuede.
Note: Additional quot., sense 1.(b). New spelling: hinner.
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.49ra (2.6) : Jupitre..is bytwene Mars & Saturnus: þe hender partie of him slakeþ and tempreþ þe malice of Mars, and þe ȝonder party of Jupitre releseth & tempreþ þe malice of Saturnus.
Note: ?New sense, or ?modify sense 1.(b). Editor's gloss: '~ partie of planetary spheres: near side (as opposed to the yonder or far side)'.
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.55vb (2.8) : 'Vryna karopos' inequal, i. more þik in som place þan in some, and drobly, seyth..feble digestioun and ake in þe hede, and namely in þe hendre partie.
Note: Additional quot., sense 1.(b). New spelling: hendre.