Middle English Dictionary Entry

hē̆ven n.
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Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1a.
(a) The abode of God, heaven, paradise; -- also in pl.; (b) to (til, in) ~ ward, to heaven; as to ~ ward, as regards heaven; heven(es of heven(es, the highest heaven; hevenes kingdom, kingdom of heven(es.
1b.
Fig. (a) A place of bliss or glory; a heaven on earth; (b) a supremely blissful experience; (c) a most glorious person; (d) a dwelling place of God.
1c.
An abode of pagan gods; to the ~ ward, in the pagan paradise.
2a.
(a) The natural and spiritual heavens; that part of God's creation which is distinguished from the earth, the sea, hell, etc.; with ~ was alofte, since the time of creation; -- also pl.; (b) the natural heavens, the sky; bodili ~; -- also pl.
2b.
(a) The expanse of the heavens, vault of the sky; made heigher than hevenes, exalted above the heavens; under open ~, in the open, under the sky; to (into, unto) ~, unto ~ ward, to the sky; also, to a great height; (b) to (toward, into) ~, to (til) ~ ward, in the direction of the heavens, toward the sky; (c) under ~, under the cope of ~, under the heavens, anywhere at all; fro ~ intil helle, anywhere on earth.
3.
Any of a number of regions or concentric spheres comprising the heavens, sometimes including the heavenly paradise and earth; also fig.
4.
(a) The upper part of the sky; the region in which the sun, moon, stars, and planets appear; hevenes eie, the sun; hevenes whel, the firmament; fig. Christ; (b) astrol. the heavenly bodies as affecting or revealing events or personal destiny; the position of the planets, etc., at a particular time.
5.
(a) The lower part of the sky; the region of clouds, winds, flying birds, etc.; hevenes fir, lightning; (b) atmospheric condition, climate.
6.
Alch. A quintessence produced by man; mannes ~.
7.
In combs. & cpds.: (a) ~ arche, heaven; ~ aungel [OE heofon-engel], an angel of heaven; ~ bem, the radiance of heaven; ~ blis(se, the bliss of heaven; also, the kingdom of heaven; fig. the joyous experience of love-making [quots.: Chaucer TC]; ~ boue, the rainbow; ~ bour, heaven, a mansion of heaven; ~ bred, ?the sacramental bread; (b) ~ cope, the vault of heaven; ~ coroune, a celestial crown; ~ coste, the heavens; ~ court, the heavenly host; ~ deis, a dais of heaven; ~ deu, dew from the heavens; ~ dore, a portal of heaven; ~ Drihten, God; ~ empire, the kingdom of heaven; ~ entre, the entrance to heaven; (c) ~ ferde, the heavenly host; ~ fir [OE heofon-fȳr], lightning; ~ gate, the gate or portal of heaven; ~ glem, the light of dawn; ~ halle [OE heofon-heal], heaven; ~ heighnesse, the heights of heaven; ~ herte, ?the center of heaven; ~ hille, the summit of heaven; ~ hold, the kingdom of heaven; (d) ~ joie, the bliss of heaven; ~ keie, a key to the portals of heaven; ~ king [OE heofon-cyning], the king of heaven; God, Christ; ~ lif, life in heaven; ~ light [OE heofon-lēoht], the light of heaven; also, the kingdom of heaven; fig. God, Christ; ~ lord, God; (e) ~ mede, reward in heaven; ~ pardoun, pardon in heaven; ~ quene, the queen of heaven, the Virgin Mary; also fig. [quot.: c1225]; ~ rof [OE heofon-hrōf], the uppermost part of the natural heavens; ~ shine, the brightness of the heavens; ~ stiward, the steward of heaven; (f) ~ tinge [cp. OE heofon & getenge], reaching to heaven; ~ tour, the stronghold of heaven; ~ trone, heaven's throne, the mercy seat; also, the kingdom of heaven; ~ ware [OE heofon-ware], dwellers in heaven, the host of heaven; ~ wele, ~ win, the bliss of heaven; ~ wough, the wall of heaven.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1500(1471) *Ripley CAlch.(Ashm 1486)1433 : When thes 2..be laboryd so with hete..And all is made whyette puerly spirituall, then hevyne vppon erthe muste be reyterate vnto ye soule with ye bodye be them corporate.
  • Note: Mod. gloss sense 6.
  • ?c1450 Brut-1447 (Trin-C O.9.1)464/11 : Þer was made an heven indivisible of the Trinite.
  • Note: Mod. gloss: 'a representation of heaven'--per HWK
  • a1500 MSerm.Mol.(Adv 19.3.1)84 : An ill drynker is unpossibull hevone for to wynne.
  • Note: New spelling
  • c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)202/20 : Þan were he worþi to be preysed and hym-selfe able to take heven to ys mede.
  • Note: 'Heaven' here seems more than just the place - implies 'salvation, eternal bliss', or the like. We don't have the phrase taken ~ to mede 'receive ~ as his reward'--per MJW