Middle English Dictionary Entry
hē̆ven n.
Entry Info
Forms | hē̆ven n. Also even, evne, hefen, hefne, efne, hewen, hewn(e, hewuyn, heiven, heaven, heoven, hoeven & (early) hæven, heovn, heofen, heofon, heofne, eofene, hoven, (infl.) hevena, heofena, heofenæ. Pl. hevenes, etc., (early) heofenas, heofnes & (early) hevenen, hæfenene, hæfnen, heofenum, hoefenum. |
Etymology | OE heofon, heofen. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) The abode of God, heaven, paradise; -- also in pl.; (b) to (til, in) ~ ward, to heaven; as to ~ ward, as regards heaven; heven(es of heven(es, the highest heaven; hevenes kingdom, kingdom of heven(es.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)2/15 : Heo hruron of heofonum into helle.
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)67/6 : Þæt he mihte rixigen ofer heofones & beon gelic Godes sune.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)110/18 : Þe wæȝ is swiðe heah & swiðe stæȝre þe lædeþ us to heofenæ.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)14/29 : Þa com him stæfn of hoefenum.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.259 : He sahh upp inn heffne an boc.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)93 : Muchel er þe engles of eofene for heore modinesse forluren.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9074 : Fæder he is on heuenen [Otho: heuene].
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)19543 : Alle þaie halȝen þa an hæfenene hæhȝe sitteð.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)21084 : Ȝif hit wule ivnnen waldende hæfnen, ich wulle wurðliche wreken alle his wiðer deden.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)21442 : Swulc þu woldest to hæuene, nu þu scalt to hælle.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)29633 : Heofne is þe al ȝaru; þider scal þi saulen uaren.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)28/17 : Ich habbe to help min healent in heouene [vr. houene].
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)86/7 : Þe heouene is swiðe heh.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)728 : Hu murie is þe blisse of houene [vr. heuene].
- c1300 Iesu cristes milde moder (Arun 248)61 : Quen of euene, for þi blisse lithe al hure sorinesse.
- a1350 Suete ihu king (Hrl 2253)60 : Ant seþþe to heouene þou vs led.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)838 : Be Marie in heuene, Me þinkeþ ich se a seg a-slepe here bi-side.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.508 : Myghty god is in hise heuenes hye.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Apoc.12.12 : Therefore glade ȝe, heuens, and ȝe that dwellen in hem.
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.119 : In ye honowre of ihesu cryste, and of hese modyir seynte marye, and of al ye companye of hewene.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1089 : Sire hoost, in feith, and by the heuenes queene, It was another chanoun and nat he.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)19890 : Quen þis wessel thris was scaun, Again it was til heuen [Frf: heiuen; Göt: euen] draun.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)8.33 : Wydewis..Fynde suche here foode for oure lordis loue of heuene.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)7771-4 : Þis heven es cald Godes awen se, For þar syttes þe haly trinite, And alle þe orders of aungels, And alle þe blyssfulle spirites þat in heven dwels.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)705 : Grefe þe noghte, Gaynour, fore Goddes lufe of hewen.
- a1450(?1348) Rolle FLiving (Cmb Dd.5.64)85/19 : Þai lose bath þe worlde and heven [vr. heeuen].
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)60/81 : He aftyr his resurreccion returne xal to hefne.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)261/860 : In efne I xal reward here mede.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)50b/a : Þei þat ben in þe bitir peynes of helle schulen se euermore þoruȝ þe briȝtnesse of þis Element alle þe blisful ioies of heuenes.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)362/279 : He is god all-weldand heuen and hell.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)801 : Þatt mannkinn shollde..winnenn heoffness kinedom Þurrh clene lifess wæpenn.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.10.14 : Of þe lord, þy god, is heuene & heuene of heuene [L cælum cæli], erþe & alle þynges þat in hit been.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.113.16 : The heuene of heuene [vr. heuenys] to the Lord; the erthe forsothe he ȝaf to the sones of men.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)14a/a : Þey gadreth þe puple þat is I-chose in to þe verum of þe kyngdome of heuen.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.211 : Þe heigh waye to-heueneward oft ricchesse letteth.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)15.450 : Til it [a child] be crystened in crystes name and confermed of þe bisshop, It is hethene as to heueneward and helpelees to þe soule.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)3 Kings 8.27 : If heuene, and heuenes of heuens [WB(2): heuene of heuenes; L cæli cælorum] mowen not take thee, myche more this hows.
- a1425 PPl.A(1) (UC 45)11.227 : Hefneward [Trin-C: Kinghod & kniȝthod..Helpiþ nouȝt to heuene at one ȝeris ende].
- ?c1430(c1400) Rule & T.St.Francis(1) (Corp-C 296)42 : Þe moste heyȝ pouert..makiþ ȝou, my breþeren, heiris & kyngis of þe kyngdom of heuenys.
- a1450(?1348) Rolle FLiving (Cmb Dd.5.64)87/77 : Als many gode thoghtes als we thynk in trouth and hope and charite, als many paces ga we till hevenward.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)169/17 : Þe ryȝt syde of þi skete of contricyoun muste be reryd to heuen-ward wyth a full sorwe in herte.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)172/9 : On þe ryght syde þin herte is raysyd in sorwe in heueneward, for þat is lost fro þe thrugh þi synne.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)422 : Thou arte gladnesse of hem that gone an pilgremage to heuyn warde in the worlde.
1b.
Fig. (a) A place of bliss or glory; a heaven on earth; (b) a supremely blissful experience; (c) a most glorious person; (d) a dwelling place of God.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1647 : I shal han myn heuene in erthe heere.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)21950 : For mai na man haf heuens [Frf: heyuenis] tua, Haf her al þat his flexs wil like, Þat efterward þe saul ha slike.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)1.9 : Þe moste partie of þis peple..Of oþer heuene [vr. heuyn, hewen, heouene] þanne here holde þei no tale.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.712 : Remembryng hir, fro heven into which helle She fallen was, syn she forgoth the syghte of Troilus.
- c1450 PPl.B (RwlPoet 38)10.300 : If heuene be on þis erthe..It is in cloistere or in scole.
b
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.271 : Ther sownen diuerse instrumentz That it is lyk an heuene for to heere.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.558 : His manere was an heuene for to see.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2049 : On his knyȝtly face It is to me an heuene to by-holde.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.637 : So fressh, so yong, so weldy semed he, It was an heven upon hym for to see.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1251 : Thus in this hevene he gan hym to delite, And therwithal a thousand tyme hire kiste.
c
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.104 : Men myghte hire wel the heuene of peple calle.
- a1456 Compleyne ne coude (Add 16165)12 : And ye, my lyff..And dethe also..Myn heven hole, and all my souffisaunce.
d
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)31/8 : Whersoeuyr God is Heuyn is, & God is in þi sowle.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)10.4 : If god won in vs, he makis vs bath tempil & heuen.
1c.
An abode of pagan gods; to the ~ ward, in the pagan paradise.
Associated quotations
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Jer.7.18 : Thei make sweete cakis to the quen of heuene, and sacrifien to aliene goddis.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.730 : Mi fader, this ensample is hard, Hou such thing to the heveneward Among the goddes myhte falle.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.878 : Now far aright, for Joves name in hevene.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.590 : He swor hire yis..by the goddes that in hevene dwelle.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1594 : I mene, as helpe me Juno, hevenes quene..I wol yow sen.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.12.145 : The fables of the poetis, how the geauntis assaileden hevene with the goddis.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1891 : The goddes of the heven above Ben wrothe.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)164 : Venus..Doun fro the heven gan descende.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)8313 : I may not hate hym, by heuyn, þat me in hert tes.
2a.
(a) The natural and spiritual heavens; that part of God's creation which is distinguished from the earth, the sea, hell, etc.; with ~ was alofte, since the time of creation; -- also pl.; (b) the natural heavens, the sky; bodili ~; -- also pl.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)1/6 : He healt mid his mihte heofonas & eorðan.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)10/7 : Ðrihten ðu ðe wrohtest heofene & eorðæ & alle þa ðing ðe on þam beoð.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1781 : He halt in his hond..þe heouene & te eorðe, þe sea & te sunne, & alle ischepene þing.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)270 : Wisdom ðe made ilc ðing of nogt, quuat-so-euere on heuone or her is wrogt.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)4123 : Erðe and heuene he wittnesse tooc.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)12/5 : Ich beleue ine god, þe uader, almiȝti sseppere of heuene and of erþe.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Apoc.21.1 : And I siȝe newe heuene and newe erthe; forsothe the first heuen and the first erthe wenten awey, and now is not the se.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2298 : Vnto Diane she spak..To whom bothe heuene and erthe and see is sene.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)13b/b : Al þat is in heuen & in erþe is wondirliche I-hiȝte.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)98 : Hefen and erthe and sun and se Bar witnes that cumen was he.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)441 : Þat emperise al heuenz hatz, And vrþe and helle, in her bayly.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.8 : In hevene and helle, in erthe and salte see, Is felt thi myght.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.m.8.17 : Love..governeth erthe and see, and hath also comandement to the hevene.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)1/14 : He þat was kyng of heuene, of eyr, of erthe, of see.
- (1430) EEWills86/15 : God Almyghty, maker of hewne and of yerth.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)32 : Chapitres sevene it hadde, of hevene and helle And erthe, and soules that therinne dwelle.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1100 : Hit was neuer herd..sith heuyn was o loft, In any coste where ye come but ye were clene victorius.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)1150 : Hewyn, erthe, & eche creature Yelde yow reuerens.
b
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)5/6 : Þis ȝescead ys hæfter þam feorwer heorren heofenes and eorðan and þara lyfte and þara dupnesse.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)34/30 : On his fulluhte wæron heofenæs iopenode.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)88/24 : Heo [the soul] hafæð swa mycele swiftnesse þæt heo..bisceawiæð heofenum & ofer sæ flyhð, lond & burȝa ȝeondfaræð.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10674 : Heoffness wærenn oppnedd ta Till Sannt Johaness ehne.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)27455 : To-somne heo heolden swulc heouene [Otho: heauene] wolde uallen.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.3.16 : Jhesus cristened steiȝ vp anoon fro the water; and loo! heuens ben opened to hym.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22610 : Quen sal scine þe heuennes open, Þaa warlaus sal walk þan vte.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)60/30 : Qwho so euer truly..his mynde seys hy raisyd, ȝa abown þis bodily heuyn lyft.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)1.18.11 : The orizonte..divideth the two emysperies, that is, the partie of the hevene above the erthe and the partie bynethe.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)9/19 : A firmament I byd apere..And þat same sall be namyd hewuyn, with planitys and with clowdis clere.
- c1450(?a1400) Quatref.Love (Add 31042)70 : He wroghte heuen with his hande and alle paradise, And þis merie medilerthe.
- a1500 Quest.MOxf.(Hrl 1304)284 : The heven coueryth all þat is vnder hym.
2b.
(a) The expanse of the heavens, vault of the sky; made heigher than hevenes, exalted above the heavens; under open ~, in the open, under the sky; to (into, unto) ~, unto ~ ward, to the sky; also, to a great height; (b) to (toward, into) ~, to (til) ~ ward, in the direction of the heavens, toward the sky; (c) under ~, under the cope of ~, under the heavens, anywhere at all; fro ~ intil helle, anywhere on earth.
Associated quotations
a
- 1122 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1122 : Se fir weax na þa ma up to þe heouene.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)93 : Anne stepel swa hehne þet his rof astiȝe up to heofena.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.1.28 : Grete citees & vnto heuyn [vr. in to heuene] walled.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.4.17,19 : The tree..whos heiȝt stretchith vnto heuen..thou art, kyng..and thi greetnesse..cam fully vnto heuen.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Heb.7.26 : It bycaam that such a man were biscop to vs..departid fro synful men, and maad hiȝer than heuenes.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2561 : The voys of peple touched the heuene.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2915 : Heigh labour..Was at the seruyce and the fyr makynge, That with his grene top the heuene raughte.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.153 : Leye of fuyre was i-seie breke oute and strecche up in to hevene [Higd.(2): was seene to be extendede vn to hevyn].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.475 : For to enhaunce þin honour to þe heuene, Aboue þe pole and þe sterres seuene.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.pr.1.17,20 : Somtyme it semede that sche touchede the hevene with the heghte of here heved; and whan sche hef hir heved heyer, sche percede the selve hevene.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.6.4 : What schal I seye of dignytes and of powers, the whiche ye men, that neither knowen verray dignyte ne verray power, areysen hem as heyghe as the hevene?
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)7a : Men of werre..most ben vsed somtyme to dwelle and reste vndir opoun heuene.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)135 : He sawe a bryghtenes of a beme Vp vn-to heuenwarde glyde.
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1408 : Ha heuen up hare honden to heouene.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)22/9 : Ha..hef hire honden up hehe toward heouene.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)146 : Ne deme ðe nog[t] wurdi ðat tu dure loken up to ðe heueneward.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3025 : Moyses askes upnam, And warpes vt til heuene-ward.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)102 : Toheuene-ward he loked.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.840 : Into heuene hir eyen vp she caste.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)389 : Summe styȝe to a stud and stared to þe heven.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)571 : Whan that she Tormentyd was, to heueneward hyr eye Deuoutly she lyft.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)67 : Þe brode sail at o brayd to-bresteþ a twynne, Þat on ende of þe sschip was ay toward heuen, Þat oþer doun in þe deep.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)26127 : Whar weore under heuene [Otho: heauene] swulc hafed ikenned?
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.215 : For sother thyng than this, I dar wel say, Vnder the heuene no wight thynke may.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.287 : Ther is noon oother name vnder heuene that is yeue to any man by which a man may be saued but oonly Iesus.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)299a/a : Þese wynged scorpiouns..mowe nouȝt lyue vnder heuene wiþinne þe cuntre of sicula.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2270 : Hyl ne mounteyne, erþe ne stone, Vndyr heuene so heuy ys none.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22694 : Þan sal þar cum bath thoner and leuin, And drone al that es vnder heuin [Frf: heiuin].
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5961 : Ther nys wight undir heven That kan her fadris names neven.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1527 : Half so trewe a man there nas of love Under the cope of heven that is above.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)1212 : He was þe stowteste geste Fra heuen intill helle.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)375 : And ȝe both, ȝe maistires sevene, The wysesde, I holde, undir evene.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)84 : He him-self is on þe se with siche a somme armed Þat any hathill vnder heuen ware hardy to rekyn.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)35/2 : There were no kynge undir hevyn that had suche eleven kyngis.
3.
Any of a number of regions or concentric spheres comprising the heavens, sometimes including the heavenly paradise and earth; also fig.
Associated quotations
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)118/1 : Ealle men..sceolen beon ahofene up ofer þysne luftlice heofen..comende to þam dome toȝeane ure Drihten.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)110 : Al middelerd ðer-inne is loken..And watres ðor a-buuen; And ouer ðat..An oðer heuene ful o blis.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Cor.12.2 : Sich a man rauyschid til to the thridde heuene.
- c1390(a1325) Ipotis (Vrn)53-83 : Þe hexte heuen þat may be, Þat is þe holy trinite: Þer is þe fader and þe sone, Þe holygost to-gedere wone..Þe oþer heuene nis not lowe; Þe hexte þat eny mon of knowe Is at a lowere degre..Þe þridde heuene semeþ cristal..Þe feorþe heuene is gold iliche..Þe fyfþe heuene is long and brod..Þe sixte heuene is holi chirche, Ful of angles..Þe seuenþe heuene, seiþ þe storie, Is paradys aftur purgatorie.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)105a/b : Heuenes beþ seuene, I-nempned in þis manere: Aereum, Ethereum, Olimpum, igneum, ffirmamentum, aqueum, Impireum.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.2 : O blisful light, of which the bemes clere Adorneth al the thridde heven faire!
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)6454 : Right swa es þe erthe..Ymyddes þe hevens þat gas obout.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)7567-78 : Sere hevens God ordaynd for sere thyng, Bot þe heghest God made for our wonyng..Þe water heven..es als clere Als cristalle.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)7765 : Þis heven falles noght obout to ga, Ne moves noght als dose þe other twa.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.1.26 : Whan the thought hath don there inogh, he schal forleten the laste hevene.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2236 : Fro this world up to the firste hevene Corrumpeth.
- (1449) Metham AC (Gar 141)279 : Ye the heuyn crystallyne illumyne and puryfye.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1528 : It semyd as þe cite to se ane of þe seuyn heuyns.
- c1450(?c1400) Wycl.Elucid.(StJ-C G.25)3 : Þre heuenes þer ben: oon bodily, þat we moun se, anoþir goostly, in which goostly substaunce aungels dwellen ynne, þe þridde heuene is of vndirstonding, in which is þe hooly trynyte biholdun of seyntes face to face.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)354/21 : There he assendid alle hevenys, god in his manhed.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)47b/a : Þer ben xj heuenes and ix ordris of aungels and aftir þe day of doom þer schulen be ten.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)47b/b : And heuene ys diuidid in xj speris þat maken xij heuenes.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)9241 : Empirium that heuen cald is.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)95/4 : Þer ar nyne heuens, oon in erthe, þe oþer amonge hem seluyn, ilk oon amonge oþer; þe firste & þe souerayne of þe speres, is þe spere couerant, and þanne with-ynne þat þe spere of þe sterrys; after þat þe spere of Saturne, and so to þe spere of þe mone, vnder whom ys þe spere of þe elemenz, þat er fyre, Eyre, water, and erthe.
- a1500 Abbrev.Elucid.(Pen 12)37/24 : As muche as ther byn dyuerse hevyns, .. ther byn dyuerse hellis and dyuerse purgatorys.
4.
(a) The upper part of the sky; the region in which the sun, moon, stars, and planets appear; hevenes eie, the sun; hevenes whel, the firmament; fig. Christ; (b) astrol. the heavenly bodies as affecting or revealing events or personal destiny; the position of the planets, etc., at a particular time.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1110 : Ealle þa niht wæs seo lyft swiðe clene, & þa steorran ofer eall þa heofon swiðe beorhte scinende.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)69.7/2 : Þeos wyrt scineþ on nihte swylce sterre on heuena.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)13842 : All swa summ heffne uss ȝifeþþ lihht Þurrh sunne & mone & sterrness.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)17531 : Þurrh whatt wass heffness whel forrgarrt To dreȝhenn helle pine?
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)49,51 : Ðer ouer he [the eagle] flegeð & up he teð til ðat he ðe heuene seð; ðurg skies sexe & seuene til he cumeð to heuene.
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)401 : Þe heouene geth ene a-boute þoruȝ daiȝe and þoruȝ nyȝt; Þe Mone and þe steorrene with him heo berth, and þe sonne þat is so briȝt.
- a1350 Most i ryden (Hrl 2253)21 : Þe mone..is in heouene heȝe.
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.546 : Þe sterres on þe heuen he seiȝe.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.107 : Men may in the heuene see The sonne and moone and sterres euery weye.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.114 : Thise philosophres write That heuene is swift and round and eek brennynge.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.1.8 : God clepide þe firmament heuen.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4388 : The sonne..is clomben vp on heuene Fourty degrees.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.714 : To telle of the planetes sevene, Hou that thei stonde upon the hevene.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)126b/a : At mydday þe sonne is I-seen in þe myddil of heuene.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)333a/b : Heuene goþ aboute wiþ consonancy and acord of melody.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.904 : The dayes honour, and the hevenes ye, The nyghtes foo -- al this clepe I the sonne.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.5.3 : O thow makere of the wheel that bereth the sterres, which that..turnest the hevene with a ravysschynge sweigh.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.1455 : From Adam ther reknyd been in deede Onto Nembroth, bi turnyng off the heuene, A thousand yeer, seuene hundrid and elleuene.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)1.16.11 : The equinoxiall..is dividid in the same nombre as every othir cercle is in the highe hevene.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)34 : Þe rof a boue..was lich þe sterred heuene a boue.
- a1475 Bk.Quint.(Sln 73)3/20 : Oure quinta essencia..is of þe nature & þe colour of heuene.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)119/94 : Is there any-thing that meveth more kyndly than doth the hevens eye, whiche I clepe the sonne?
b
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1090 : So stood the heuene whan that we were born.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.191 : In thilke large book Which that men clepe the heuene ywriten was With sterres, whan that he his birthe took, That he for loue sholde han his deth.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1970 : Were it by destynee..Or constellacioun that in swich estat The heuene stood.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)2.3038 : Wenyng that noblesse cam be discent off blood, And nat be grace, nor as the heuene stood.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)250 : Þai can certifi & se by sygnes of þe heuyn Quat sall be-fall a-pon fold with-inen a fewe ȝerys.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)209/1791n : It ferd of helmes and swerdis bryght As þough it hadde fro heven alyght.
5.
(a) The lower part of the sky; the region of clouds, winds, flying birds, etc.; hevenes fir, lightning; (b) atmospheric condition, climate.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1117 : On þære nihte..wæs seo heofon swyðe read gesewen.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Dom.Quadr.(Bod 343)48/5 : Eft he bæd þæt þeo heofen sealde ræiȝnæs & ðeo eorðæ hire wæstmæs.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)225 : God..asende ren of heofene.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.9.14 : Whenn I schall ouereheelden þe heuen with cloudez, my bowe schall apeere in þe clowdes.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 370)4 Kings 2.11 : Helyas steyȝide up by the whirlwynde in to heuen [?a1425 WB(2) Gloss.(Cld): in to heuene; not in to heuene of sterris, nether of briȝtnesse in blis, but in to heuene of the eir].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Job 35.11 : That techeth vs ouer the bestis of the erthe, ouer the foulis of heuene shal lernen vs.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.4.12 : Be it dyed in dewe of heuen.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.7.2 : Foure wyndis of heuen fouȝten in the mydil see.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.16.2-3 : The eeuenynge maad..It shal be cleer, for the heuene is lijk to reed; and the morwe, To day tempest, for heuen shyneth heuy, or sorwful.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)140b/a : He is I-fedde of hym þat fediþ briddes and foules of heuene.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)316b/b : Some comeþ of þe dewe of heuene þat falleþ on floures.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1688 : Alle watz dubbed and dyȝt in þe dew of heven.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)8 : Many Shour fro heuene made avale.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.846 : From hevene teeris reyne For pite of myn aspre and cruel peyne.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1218-21 : Among al this to rumbelen gan the hevene; The thunder rored..Doun cam the reyn..With hevenes fyr.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12501 : A laite..skirmyt in the skewes with a skyre low, Thurgh the claterand clowdes clos to the heuyn.
- c1475 Rwl.Prov.(Rwl D.328)p.120 : Yf heua[n] falle meny lerkys schall be take.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)181b/a : In helþe of heuen Irlonde is a wel temperat cuntrey; þer is litil oþer noone passing heete oþer colde.
6.
Associated quotations
- a1475 Bk.Quint.(Sln 73)2/2 : Philosophoris clepen þe purest substaunce of manye corruptible þingis elementid, 'quinta essencia', þat is to seie, 'mannys heuene', drawe out by craft of mani [read: man].
- a1475 Bk.Quint.(Sln 73)3/17,20 : Good gold naturel..is clepid of philosophoris 'sol' in latyn; for he is the sonne of oure heuene, lich as sol þe planet is in þe heuene aboue..And oure quinta essencia, mannys heuene, is of þe nature & þe colour of heuene.
7.
In combs. & cpds.: (a) ~ arche, heaven; ~ aungel [OE heofon-engel], an angel of heaven; ~ bem, the radiance of heaven; ~ blis(se, the bliss of heaven; also, the kingdom of heaven; fig. the joyous experience of love-making [quots.: Chaucer TC]; ~ boue, the rainbow; ~ bour, heaven, a mansion of heaven; ~ bred, ?the sacramental bread; (b) ~ cope, the vault of heaven; ~ coroune, a celestial crown; ~ coste, the heavens; ~ court, the heavenly host; ~ deis, a dais of heaven; ~ deu, dew from the heavens; ~ dore, a portal of heaven; ~ Drihten, God; ~ empire, the kingdom of heaven; ~ entre, the entrance to heaven; (c) ~ ferde, the heavenly host; ~ fir [OE heofon-fȳr], lightning; ~ gate, the gate or portal of heaven; ~ glem, the light of dawn; ~ halle [OE heofon-heal], heaven; ~ heighnesse, the heights of heaven; ~ herte, ?the center of heaven; ~ hille, the summit of heaven; ~ hold, the kingdom of heaven; (d) ~ joie, the bliss of heaven; ~ keie, a key to the portals of heaven; ~ king [OE heofon-cyning], the king of heaven; God, Christ; ~ lif, life in heaven; ~ light [OE heofon-lēoht], the light of heaven; also, the kingdom of heaven; fig. God, Christ; ~ lord, God; (e) ~ mede, reward in heaven; ~ pardoun, pardon in heaven; ~ quene, the queen of heaven, the Virgin Mary; also fig. [quot.: c1225]; ~ rof [OE heofon-hrōf], the uppermost part of the natural heavens; ~ shine, the brightness of the heavens; ~ stiward, the steward of heaven; (f) ~ tinge [cp. OE heofon & getenge], reaching to heaven; ~ tour, the stronghold of heaven; ~ trone, heaven's throne, the mercy seat; also, the kingdom of heaven; ~ ware [OE heofon-ware], dwellers in heaven, the host of heaven; ~ wele, ~ win, the bliss of heaven; ~ wough, the wall of heaven.
Associated quotations
a
- a1250 HMaid.(Tit D.18)41/697 : Þullich ichulle beon i meidenes liflade Ilich heuene engel.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)190/13 : Þurh hwet is bitacnet hope of heh mearci & of heouene blisse.
- ?c1250 I-blessed beo þu (Eg 613)1 : Blessed beo þu, lauedi, ful of houene Blisse.
- a1300 A Mayde Cristes (Jes-O 29)184 : He schyneþ so bryht in heouene bur.
- c1300 Gabriel fram evene king (Arun 248)55 : Maiden..bid..þat [h]e..eune blis..hus giue.
- c1300 SLeg.Lucy (LdMisc 108)48 : Þi woneingue is wel ȝare i-maket with us in heuene-blis.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1606 : He..sag..fro ðe erðe up til heuene bem, A leddre stonden.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2088 : Ac ich ȝou telle, who so it is, Schal wende in to heuen blis.
- (a1333) Herebert Louerd shyld me (Add 46919)12 : Lyht of hoevene blysse hoem shyne wythouten ende!
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)262/7 : Heuene blisse god ous zende.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)743 : Heuene-bouwe Is a-bouten I-bent, Wiþ alle þe hewes þat him beþ I-sent.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10402 : Þir hundreth scepe..Bitakens felascip i-wiss Of halus hei in heuen bliss [Ld: heuyn blis].
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)21126 : His bodi lijs in montz of parch; his saule is in heyuen arch.
- a1400 *Ure fader in heuene (Cmb Gg.4.32)9 : Þe heuene bred [vr. holi bred] þat lasteþ ay, Ȝif vs, louerd, þis ilke day.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)prol.106 : Þere crist is in kyngdome..to opne it to hem and heuene blisse shewe.
- c1400 Dial.Bern.& V.(1) (Tbr E.7)105 : Now, lady, quene of heuen-blis.
- c1400 St.Alex.(3) (LdMisc 622)19/33 : Man may nouȝth lede lijf to softe And wonen in heuene boures.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)4030 : In hevyn-blis grante us a place To bide in.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.704 : Make the redy right anon, For thow shalt into hevene blisse wende.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1322 : And lat hem in this hevene blisse dwelle, That is so heigh that al ne kan I telle!
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)72 : Thanne preyede hym Scipion to telle hym al The wey to come into that hevene blisse.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)3913 : His soule sone after towarde heuene-blys Ouȝt of his body forthe dude þo gon.
- a1450 Who þat wole knowe (Dgb 102)176 : Make vertues þe wax..To brenne briȝt in heuene boures.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)36/22 : I hadde leuere ben in peyne wyth-outyn ende, & haue loue of my god, þan ben in heuen-blysse for euere, & haue goddys hate.
- a1500 Bevis (Chet 8009)4329 : He bryng hem all to hevyn blis, That euer shall laste and never mys.
- 1607(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hrl 2124)101/421 : How he..thydder steigh With oure kinde to heaven-blisse.
b
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)428/291 : Þat heouene-dore was faste i-mad.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1547 : Heuene dew, and erðes fetthed.
- c1390(c1350) NHom.(2) PSanct.(Vrn)85/199 : Þer mon mai sitten In heuene-des.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)225 : Vche þing vnder heuene-driht.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.534 : Asie, Aufrique, Europe..under the hevene cope..Begripeth al this Erthe round.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3802 : Her es na noþer thing..Bot godds hus and heuen entre.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20171 : Al heuen curt nu thing [read: think] lang Til þou be cummen þam emang.
- ?c1400 Cursor (Arms 57)17916 : I..herde a voys fro heuen coost.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)16448 : Þei..goon so þenne to honge on tre þe kyng of heuen croun.
- c1450 Falm.Squire (Cmb Ff.2.38)p.101 : The grettyst clerke..undur hevyn cope.
- a1475 Spheres & P.(Sln 73)26 : Diuinis puttin þe tenþe spere, where is heuyn empire, in þe whiche angelis & sowlis of seyntis seruen god.
c
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)76 : Sunne & mone & houen fur boð þestre aȝein his lihte.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)5/9 : Hie brohte ðane brihteste angel fram ðare heuene heinesse niþer into helle depnesse.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)14/24 : Þe liuiende godd..heouene-ȝetes openeð.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)191/3 : He haueð heorte reste onont unþeawes weorre, & is as in heouene ȝeten [Recl.: heuene ȝates].
- c1300 SLeg.Kath.(LdMisc 108)289 : Heuene-ȝat aȝein þe I-opened is.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)281 : Al ðe ðhinges ðe in werde ben Twen heuone hil and helle dik.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1620 : Her, dredful stede, her, godes hus, Her, heuengate amongus us.
- a1350 Weping haueþ (Hrl 2253)18 : A styþye stunte hire sturne stryf, þat ys in heouene hert in hyde.
- c1390(c1350) NHom.(2) PSanct.(Vrn)84/143 : Wiþ heuene-halle he gan ȝou sese.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17583 : Þof he [God] sitt in heuen hall [Göt: heuenes hall].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)18810 : Iesus..Sua hei es sett in heuen hall [Frf: heyuenis alle; Trin-C: heuen stalle].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)25066 : Til heuen he stei to mak us gat, At apon us before heuen yate [Frf: heiuen ȝate].
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)946 : Erly, er any heven-glem, þay to a hil comen.
- a1425 Assump.Virg.(1) (Add 10036)114/116 : He schal sende after þee Of heuene ferde moche plente.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)930 : In this sted is no thyng els bot goddes awn howse and heuyn ȝate.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)32/89 : Of þe best þou sentyst me tylle now gracyous god on hevyn hille.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)152/34 : He..is kynge of hevyn holde.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.B.1657 : Thexecutour is porter, if heuene yate be stoken.
d
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.656 : S. Petre mid heofne keie un do him heofen rice.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1750 : Þa bedess, þatt te Laferrd Crist..biddeþþ Upponn hiss faderr heofennking.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)217 : Heo [God] is hefone liht and eorðe brihtnesse.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)63 : Þer me scal ure werkes weien bi-foran þe heuen king [vrr. heuenekinge, heouene kinge].
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)32169 : Ich inc halsi beien þurh þan heouen kinge.
- a1275 Doomsday (Trin-C B.14.39)42 : Bidde we ure lauedi..Þat heo ure erende beore to þen heuonkinge.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)732 : Clerkes, munekes & kanunes..Ariseþ up to midel niȝte An singeþ of þe houene liȝte [vr. heuene lyhte].
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)862 : Ich rede þi þat men bo ȝare..Þat fundeþ to þan houen kinge.
- a1275 Þene latemeste dai (Trin-C B.14.39)108 : Bring us at hure endesid in-to houene liste.
- a1275 Þu þad madist (Trin-C B.14.39)2 : Þu þad madist alle þinc, mi suete fadir, hewene kinc.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)170 : Wat if he leue haue of ure heuen louerd for to deren us?
- a1300 Sayings St.Bede (Jes-O 29)353 : We in heuene lyhte, Among þan englen bryhte, Wunyen.
- c1300 Gabriel fram evene king (Arun 248)1,6 : Gabriel, fram evene-king sent to þe maide swete, brouhte þire blisful tiding..heil be þu ful of grace a-rith, for godes sone, þis euene lith.
- ?c1335 Þe grace of god (Hrl 913)192 : Al in helle were ifast Fort Iesus Crist..broȝt ham to heuen lyȝt.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)5081 : Þe citisains..asked hem, for heuen king, Whennes com þat noble þing.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)26/563 : I nolde For al þe seluer ne al þe golde Þat is vnder heuene liȝt..for-sake..Iesu.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)244 : Now is Adam wiþ wo Inome..þat freore was er þen eny þing Þat liuede vnder heuene-kyng.
- c1390 Marie Modur and (Vrn)45 : Preye þou [Mary] þi deore sone; Ihesu, heuene-kyng.
- c1390 Vrn.Mir.Virg.(Vrn)163/76 : Wel are we holden..Worschipen hire..Þat euer is so redi diht To bringen vs alle to heuene-liht.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3464 : He shal be rated of his studiyng, If that I may, by Iesus, heuene kyng.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1583 : But nathelees, by god, oure heuene kyng, I thoghte nat to axe of hym no thyng.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17098 : Þat we mai..cum in til heuene light [Göt: heuenes light].
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)500 : Mathew..lyknez hit to heuen lyȝte.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)2675 : I prai to Crist, hevyn kyng.
- a1425 Siege Troy(1) (LinI 150)2065 : God ȝeue ows alle heouene ioye.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)1946 : He swere by Ihesu, Heuen-kyng.
- 1448-a1500 Rich.(b-version:Brunner)114/40 : He swor his othe by heuene kynge.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)6625 : So strong and hard was þat batayle, Þat it fferde..As it hadde be ffro heuene lyȝt, Among þe swerdes þat were so bryȝt.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)3.397 : Blyssed be ihesu, þat hy heuene-kynge.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)269/25 : Þin obedyens [schal be þin] heuene-keye, þat schal opyne to þe heuen-gatys.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)205 : Now helpe oure knyghtys, ihesu hewn kynge.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)4002 : He be your spede that is our hevyn kyng.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)373 : Vndir bitternesse of this presente peyne is hidd the Ioye of heuyn life.
- a1500 RSicily (Cmb Ff.2.38)484 : Hyt made hym to knowe god allmyght, That hym broght to heuyn lyght.
e
- c1200 Wor.Serm.in EGSt.7 (Wor Q.29)34 : He feol fran heuene rof into helle flor.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)10/137 : Meiðhad is heouene cwen, & worldes alesendnesse, þurh hwam we beoð iborhen.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)197/22 : Luue is heouene stiward [Recl.: heuen stiward] for hire muchele freolec.
- a1250 Cristes milde moder (Nero A.14)83 : Ich ðe bidde, holi heouenekwene, þet tu..iher mine bene.
- c1300 Sayings St.Bern.(LdMisc 108)181 : Marie, moder, houene-quen.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)101 : Ðe firmament..mai ben hoten heuene-Rof.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1038 : Þe iustise..dede feche þat wiman..& swore..bi heuen quen.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.2286 : If he do it to pourchace The hevene mede.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20140 : Þe leuedi, þat es heuen quene [Frf: heiuen quene; Göt: heuenes quene], Hir langed sare hir sun cum to.
- c1410 Chaucer CT.CY.(Hrl 7334)G.1089 : Sire ost, in faith, and by þe heuen queene, It was anoþer chanoun.
- c1440(c1350) Octav.(1) (Thrn)261 : This day þou me rede and wysse, And heuene qwene also!
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)81/6 : We behalde..heuen-schyne wit sternes wit-owt nowmer.
- a1450(1400) Eche man be war (Dgb 102)43 : Ȝe loue god for heuen mede.
- 1457 Bevis (Naples 13.B.29)p.218 : God yeve hare sowlis heven pardon.
- c1450(c1400) Emare (Clg A.2)7 : Þy modur Mary, heuyn qwene, Bere our arunde..To þy sone.
f
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)126/32 : Þæt we moten mid heofenwaræ lifes brucen.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12919 : Tiss Lamb iss þatt eche lif þatt heffneware brukeþþ.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)35 : On domes-dei biforen criste, and bi-foren al heuene wara, and bi-foren al eorðe wara, and bi-foren al helle wara.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)139 : Sunne dei blisseð to-gederes houeneware and horðe ware.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)143 : Sunnedei wile ure drihten cumen..mid alle heounware for to deme baþe þe gode and þe uuele.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)69 : Here agene synnes on dede and on speche..fule shendeð biforen al heueneware and eorðeware and helle ware.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)97 : Gif we him folgieð he gifð us heuene wele.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)124/25 : Ȝef þu sehe al witerliche heouene ware & helle ware i þe temptatiun bihalde þe ane.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1001 : Knarres & cludes, houentinge [vr. houenetinge] Snou & haȝel hom is genge.
- c1390(c1350) NHom.(2) PSanct.(Vrn)85/216 : On is offret to him þat welt his holy Angeles in heuene-tron.
- c1390 Heil be þow Marie Moodur (Vrn)28 : Heil wyndouwe of heuen-wowe.
- c1390 Ihesu Crist þat is (Vrn)75 : I þe ȝiue heuene-wynne.
- c1390 Mayden Modur (Vrn)92 : Heil Marie..Corouned qween in heuene-tour.
- c1390 Psalt.Mariae(1) (Vrn)1065 : Steying vp to heuene-tron Be de-grees of vertue.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)18741 : Þe toþer [man] us come fra heuen ture [Frf: heyuen toure].
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)8290 : An angel com fra heuen trone.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)2405 : Þe soule dwellythe vp in heuene-toure.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)43/3 : All myghty god in hevyn trone.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)44/39 : Loke þat þin herte in hevyn toure be sett to serve oure lord god a-bove.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)111/84 : Gracyous god in hefne trone, comforte my spowse in þis hard cas.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500(1471) *Ripley CAlch.(Ashm 1486)1433 : When thes 2..be laboryd so with hete..And all is made whyette puerly spirituall, then hevyne vppon erthe muste be reyterate vnto ye soule with ye bodye be them corporate.
Note: Mod. gloss sense 6.
- ?c1450 Brut-1447 (Trin-C O.9.1)464/11 : Þer was made an heven indivisible of the Trinite.
Note: Mod. gloss: 'a representation of heaven'--per HWK
- a1500 MSerm.Mol.(Adv 19.3.1)84 : An ill drynker is unpossibull hevone for to wynne.
Note: New spelling
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)202/20 : Þan were he worþi to be preysed and hym-selfe able to take heven to ys mede.
Note: 'Heaven' here seems more than just the place - implies 'salvation, eternal bliss', or the like. We don't have the phrase taken ~ to mede 'receive ~ as his reward'--per MJW